Psychology of sport and exercise最新文献

{"title":"Exploring coach and parent transformational leadership and their associations with social identity in adolescents.","authors":"Ignacio Celsi, María Julia Raimundi, Juan Facundo Corti, Isabel Castillo, Octavio Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of this study was to explore the associations between the transformational leadership of coaches and parents and adolescent athletes' social identity and examine the roles of gender and the stage of adolescence in these relationships. Furthermore, this study aimed to provide empirical evidence on measurement invariance across gender and the adolescent stage in the adapted Spanish version of the Social Identity Questionnaire for Sport (SIQS). The sample consisted of 656 athletes (299 males and 357 females) from 12 to 18 years old (M = 15.27, SD = 1.64) who participated in various team sports. All the participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Social Identity Questionnaire for Sport, and the Transformational Coaching and Transformational Parenting Questionnaires. The results confirmed the scalar measurement invariance of the adapted Spanish version of the SIQS across gender and adolescent stage. Transformational coaching and mothers' transformational parenting positively predicted adolescents' social identity across gender and adolescent stage. Additionally, during early adolescence, fathers' transformational parenting was also associated with their children's social identity. These findings emphasize the importance of transformational leadership in both team and family contexts in promoting athletes' social identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance in Older Adults: A Dual Process Approach.","authors":"Jaclyn P Maher, Maslyn H Behler, Derek J Hevel, Brynn L Hudgins, Laurie Kennedy-Malone, Iman F Khan, Eryn Murray, Emily M Postlethwait, Yeongjun Seo, Kemiah Williams, Jeff D Labban","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dual process models represent a useful framework in explaining PA in that behavior is explained by reflective (i.e., conscious, effortful) and automatic (i.e., unconscious, effortless) determinants. Yet the distinct momentary reflective and automatic determinants regulating PA adoption and maintenance are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Older adults (N = 202; ≥ 60 years) wore accelerometers to measure PA (i.e., moderate to vigorous intensity PA [MVPA], step counts) and completed brief mobile phone prompts assessing general reflective (i.e., demands, deliberation, self-efficacy, self-control, stress coping, emotion regulation), behavior-specific reflective (i.e., PA intentions, self-efficacy, planning), and automatic determinants (i.e., affect, physical and social context, functional stability of one's routine) as part of three, 2-week waves of data collection spaced over one year. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the within- and between-person associations between these determinants and subsequent PA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were within- or between-person differences between general reflective, behavior specific, and automatic determinants and PA by adopter and maintainer status. General reflective determinants tended to be more predictive of step counts compared to MVPA. Within-person behavior-specific reflective determinants (i.e., intentions, self-efficacy, plans) were positively associated with PA behavior but associations tended to be more positive among PA maintainers. Automatic determinants were more predictive of the amount of PA as opposed to the likelihood of PA occurring.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reflective and automatic determinants, as well as the levels at which these determinants operate (i.e., between vs within), need to be considered when attempting to explain and predict the adoption and maintenance of PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-confidence, mental toughness, and psychobiosocial experiences in elite rugby players.","authors":"Claudio Robazza, Francesca Vitali, Laura Bortoli, Montse C Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-confidence, mental toughness, coping functions, challenge and threat appraisals, and functional psychobiosocial experiences. This investigation was conducted within the framework of multi-states (MuSt) theory. The sample consisted of 76 elite male athletes, ranging in age from 19 to 33 years, representing the Italian rugby union national team participating in the 2024 edition of the Men's Six Nations Championship. Assessments took place during training camps in preparation for the Championship. The results from serial mediation analysis showed that problem-focused coping and challenge appraisal played a mediating role in the relationship between self-confidence, mental toughness, and functional psychobiosocial experiences. These findings support MuSt theory assumptions and have practical implications for the development of training programs aimed at enhancing athletes' wellbeing and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived body acceptance by personal trainers and client body appreciation in women in the UK: A pre-registered study.","authors":"Phoebe Gray, Megan Hurst, Thomas Ormerod, Eleanor Miles","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research is yet to consider the potential for personal trainers (PTs) to influence their client's thoughts and feelings surrounding their body. This pre-registered study explored a model of positive body image in women personal training clients in the UK. Participants (n = 234, mean age = 51) completed an online questionnaire assessing body mass index (BMI), perceived body acceptance by their PT and various other measures related to body image. Perceived body acceptance by the PT was indirectly, positively associated with client body appreciation through greater internal body orientation and negatively associated with client BMI. Findings suggest PTs may be an important source of body acceptance for their clients. Education of PTs should be considered for promoting positive body image in women fitness industry consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'It was a fair fight' v. 'let the body do the work.' How squash players mentalizing abilities affect their experiences of playing squash: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.","authors":"Stuart Mitchell, Max Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of metacognitive process and skills has been the subject of considerable research in the sport performance literature over the past decade. However, there has been little qualitative research on athletes' experiences of using metacognitive processes and skills. A related but different area theoretically and practically, is mentalizing, which refers to the imaginative ability to perceive and interpret the feelings, thoughts, wishes and beliefs that explain human behaviour. This study sought to understand how mentalizing abilities affect the playing experiences of amateur squash players, who regularly played competitive squash. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten amateur adult squash players. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. This was developed into three group experiential themes (GETs): a) balanced minds, b) no-man's land, and c) an interpersonal battle. Findings indicate that mentalizing abilities of participants helped them focus, self-regulate, and enjoy playing. Conversely, participants temporary loss of mentalizing significantly affected their enjoyment, relationships with opponents and their capacity to focus and concentrate when under pressure which for some led to poorer performances. The study is novel in its application to sport, adding an important holistic dimension to the applied sport psychology literature. It is suggested that mentalizing plays a critical role in influencing competitive sport situations and further research is required to elucidate these abilities in greater depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People who approve of one's physical activity vs. people who are influential: A randomized cross-over experiment to compare normative referent elicitation procedures.","authors":"Jeemin Kim, Mark Eys, Jennifer Robertson-Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare injunctive norm scores assessed based on Ajzen's (2002) original normative referent elicitation method (e.g., norms from those who approve/disapprove of physical activity) and a revised method (e.g., norms from those who are personally influential).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Undergraduate students (N_T1 = 1008, N_T2= 383) were initially randomly assigned to either the condition that used Ajzen's original method or the condition that used the revised method, and completed an online survey. A month later, participants completed the survey in the reverse condition. Data collection occurred October 2021-July 2022. Data were analyzed to examine the differences between the two conditions regarding the mean injunctive norm scores and their indirect effects on physical activity via intentions (i.e., moderated mediation).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed ANOVA results indicated a statistically significant effect of condition (p < .001): the injunctive norm score assessed based on the revised method was lower compared to the original method. After accounting for baseline physical activity, a statistically significant moderated mediation was found with intention strength as the mediator (95% bootstrap CIs [.02, .20]): there was a statistically significant indirect effect of injunctive norms on physical activity via intention strength under the revised condition, but this effect was statistically nonsignificant under the original condition. There was no statistically significant moderated mediation with decisional intention as the mediator (95% bootstrap CIs [-.04, .13]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Null findings regarding the relationship between injunctive norms and physical activity intentions typically found in the literature may be partially explained by the way in which norms were measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual and affective precursors of physical activity intention and enactment examined through ecological momentary assessment.","authors":"David Haag, Jan David Smeddinck, Anna Vogelsang, Jens Blechert","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Regular physical activity (PA) provides numerous health benefits, which is why many people intend to lead an active lifestyle. Yet, internal and external states and barriers can hinder the translation of such intentions into actual behavior. This study prospectively studied such barriers, namely, the temporal relationship between the independent variables momentary affect (stress, emotions), and the dependent variables PA intentions and subsequent PA behavior. The variables were measured using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) at the within-person level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 41 healthy participants (aged 19-67) completed 4 daily EMA prompts over three weeks on their smartphones, capturing data on momentary affective states (happy, active, irritated, tired, concerned, nervous, relaxed, energetic), anticipated contextual barriers (i.e., PA-incompatible external circumstances), prospective PA intentions, and PA behavior (retrospective, since the last prompt). We applied generalized linear mixed effect models to examine the influence of momentary affect and contextual barriers onto a) PA intentions, b) their consecutive enactment, and c) directly onto PA behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals were more likely to form PA intentions when feeling happy, active, or energetic, but less likely when external/contextual barriers were high or when they felt tired. Furthermore, only PA intentions were significant precursors of subsequent PA behavior, while neither contextual barriers, nor momentary affect directly affected PA behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interventions for fostering PA, such as Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions, should address and 'stabilize' intentions through addressing external barriers and positive affects (happy, active, energetic). The present results call for more temporally sensitive and dynamic health behavior theories of PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objectively measured physical activity and mental health among asylum seekers residing in a camp.","authors":"Konstantinia Filippou, Florian Knappe, Ioannis D Morres, Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis, Theodoros Proskinitopoulos, Yannis Theodorakis, Markus Gerber, Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity has been linked to better mental health in the general population but also migrants and displaced populations. Studies on the latter populations have been almost exclusively based on self-reported physical activity, thus providing a limited perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between objectively measured physical activity and mental health indices, in asylum seekers residing in a camp. Participants were asked to wear the accelerometers for a period of seven days, after which they were administered questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, and well-being in their spoken language. Out of a total of 116 participants, 79 (49 women) accomplished the criteria for valid accelerometer wear days and wear hours and completed the questionnaires. The results showed that participants accumulated adequate, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, reported mild to moderate anxiety and depression symptoms, and were marginally above the threshold of poor well-being. Physical activity and sedentary time predicted depression (adjusted R² = .11) and anxiety (adjusted R² = .08) symptoms, and levels of well-being (adjusted R² = .15). In particular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was linked to lower depression and anxiety, and better well-being, while sedentary time was linked with poorer well-being. The findings provide valuable evidence regarding the links between physical activity and mental health in displaced populations and highlight the need for a multimethod examination of physical activity in such populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Image Experiences in Retired Olympians: Losing the Embodied Self.","authors":"Anthony Papathomas, Trent Petrie, Karin Moesch, Hannah J H Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Athlete body dissatisfaction is prevalent across sports and can lead to disordered eating, negative affect, and poor mental health. Whether body image concerns persist into athletic retirement is a focus of research, predominately involving survey-based data in usually sub-elite athletic samples. This study is the first to focus on the meanings elite athletes ascribe to their bodies in retirement. We recruited 31 retired elite athletes, including 23 former Olympians, to participate in a semi-structured interview. More than 25 hours of interview data was transcribed verbatim and subject to a reflexive thematic analysis. We constructed 4 major themes to describe athlete experiences: 1) A legacy of body-conscious culture 2) The struggle for \"normal\", 3) Loss of body as loss of self, 4) Towards new meanings and identities. Athletes explained how the body surveillance culture of elite sport echoed into their post-sport lives. An Olympian identity was considered an embodied identity, so body changes represented a loss of the self. Adjusting to regular eating and exercise routines was deemed challenging, with minimal access to guidance and support. Accepting the inevitability of physical changes in retirement and finding new meanings and identities, were deemed effective coping strategies. Athletes' insights can support sport psychologists and elite sport organisations to devise strategies and policies to facilitate adaptation to body changes post-retirement from sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the focus of attention and brain activation pattern during golf putting task in amateur and novice: A fNIRS study.","authors":"Jingxuan Yu, Bowen Liu, Caixian Ruan, Hong Cao, Rui Fu, Zhanbing Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>External focus of attention (FOA) has been shown to improve motor performance. However, recent research has found that the effectiveness of FOA is related to the level of expertise. Therefore, this study examined the effects of FOA on putting performance in golfers of different levels of expertise. The neural mechanisms behind FOA were explored in conjunction with fNIRS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 30 participants, including 15 amateurs (M_age: 23.31(SD = 1.32)years; 15 males) and 15 novices (M_age: 22.69(SD = 1.55) years; 11 males; 4 females) were recruited. Participants completed EF and IF golf putting at a duration of 3s per time wearing fNIRS for 3 blocks of 30 s interspersed with 10-s rest blocks.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Behavioral results showed a significant difference in the putting performance of the amateur group under the EF condition compared to the IF condition (P = 0.019), and relative to novices, the amateur group performed better under the EF condition (P = 0.003). fNIRS results revealed that the amateur group had higher activation levels in the right somatosensory association cortex (RSAC) and right motor cortex (RMC) under the IF condition. In contrast, for the novice group, higher activation levels were observed in the left prefrontal cortex and RMC under the EF condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results revealed SAC and MC over-activation in the amateur group under IF conditions with poor golf putting performance. Our findings suggest that the impairment of automated motor neural networks could be a possible mechanism by which IF affects motor performance with SAC and MC over-activation. Guiding novices to focus on task-related factors consciously could be a potential mechanism by which EF enhances motor performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94181,"journal":{"name":"Psychology of sport and exercise","volume":" ","pages":"102793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}