Neuro endocrinology letters最新文献

{"title":"Hypothyroidism and glioblastoma risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Liying Zhou, Changyou Yin, Wei Zhao, Wei Kong, Xuexin Wang, Guangqiang Cui, Yanbin Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior observational evidence suggests a potential link between hypothyroidism and glioblastoma (GBM) risk. To investigate causality, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between April 2025 and July 2025, we leveraged summary - level data from European - ancestry genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse - variance weighted (IVW) approach served as the primary method for causal inference. Robustness was evaluated using four complementary Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques: MR-Egger techniques: MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), weighted mode, and simple mode. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to assess stability, heterogeneity, and potential horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-nine hypothyroidism-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as instruments. IVW analysis indicated a significant protective effect of hypothyroidism on glioblastoma (GBM) risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.759; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.606-0.949; p = 0.016). Consistent estimates were obtained via MR-Egger (OR = 0.565, p = 0.032), weighted median (OR = 0.674, p = 0.017), and weighted mode (OR = 0.581, p = 0.02). Simple mode was non-significant but directionally consistent. Sensitivity analyses showed no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employing Mendelian randomization, this investigation provides preliminary genetic evidence suggesting a potential protective association between hypothyroidism and glioblastoma risk. However, the limited case sample (N = 406) and the hypothesis-generating nature of Mendelian randomization (MR) warrant cautious interpretation and replication in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Communication Skills and Mentalization in Group Schema Therapy for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder.","authors":"Jan Prasko, Jakub Vanek, Jan Pasztor, Ilona Krone, Julius Burkauskas, Milos Slepecky, Alicja Juskiene, Julija Gecaite-Stonciene, Marta Zatkova, Martin Mikula, Zdenek Mate, Marie Ociskova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article introduces a structured method for communication skills training within group schema therapy (GST) specifically tailored for individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients with BPD often face relational difficulties due to intense emotional responses and maladaptive schema modes, thus creating a need for targeted communication training to promote healthier interpersonal relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This training approach was developed based on interviews with six experienced schema therapists specialising in GST for BPD. The therapists shared practical insights, case examples, and strategies, which were synthesized into a structured communication skills training method. The main methods are chairwork, core emotional needs clarification, role-playing, and role reversal to increase self-understanding, empathy, and constructive problem-solving.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The communication training in GST concentrated on recognising and articulating patients' core emotional needs while understanding the needs of others. The therapists recognized four main blocks to skill change: low self-esteem, fear of criticism, social and communication style variances, and undeveloped assertive skills. Methods used to address these tasks include strengthening self-assurance, forming a caring and kind setting, and teaching modes identification exercises to manage emotional answers. Patients described substantial progress in relational self-confidence, empathy, and flexibility in conflict resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The GST communication training offers BPD patients essential tools for understanding and expressing interpersonal needs. The group format improves learning through shared experiences and real-time These observations indicate that GST-based communication training can address BPD-related interpersonal problems and may support longer-term improvements in relational functioning and life satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I am Borderline\": Psychiatric Diagnosis, Identity, Self-Presentation, and Digital Culture in Borderline Personality Disorder.","authors":"Jan Prasko, Marie Ociskova, Jozef Visnovsky, Ilona Krone, Julius Burkauskas, Marija Abeltina, Ieva Bite, Marta Popelkova, Erika Jurisova, Milos Slepecky, Marta Zatkova, Julija Gecaite-Stonciene","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The psychiatrization of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has expanded beyond clinical contexts into identity formation, interpersonal regulation, and digital self-presentation. For individuals with BPD-whose psychopathology centrally involves identity diffusion-the diagnostic label may function not only as an explanatory framework but also as a stabilizing, defensive, or performative identity resource, particularly within online environments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This article aims to examine how individuals with BPD integrate psychiatric diagnosis into their self-concept, to identify the psychological and relational functions of diagnostic identity in offline and digital contexts, and to explore clinical implications for psychotherapy, with a focus on schema therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A narrative review of international literature on psychiatrization, identity diffusion, stigma, and digital self-presentation in BPD was conducted and integrated with four analytically constructed clinical case vignettes. The vignettes are composite, theory-driven models derived from extensive clinical experience and are used to illustrate recurring patterns rather than individual patient trajectories. The analysis is grounded primarily in schema therapy, complemented by psychodynamic and mentalization-based perspectives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Across the reviewed literature and case material, psychiatrization in BPD emerged as a dynamic and context-dependent process. Four prototypical patterns were identified: (1) diagnosis as a public or performative identity, (2) diagnosis as a protective shield against guilt and responsibility, (3) diagnosis as an idealized marker of sensitivity and moral value, and (4) diagnosis as a community-based identity providing belonging. While diagnostic identification often provides relief, coherence, and a shared language for emotional experience, rigid identification may constrain agency, reinforce maladaptive relational strategies, and become amplified by digital environments that reward emotional intensity and visibility. This article introduces a clinically grounded typology of psychiatrization in BPD, linking diagnostic identity to specific relational and regulatory functions across offline and digital contexts Conclusions: Psychiatric diagnosis in BPD functions as a double-edged tool: it may support understanding and self-compassion, yet also risk becoming an identity substitute that limits psychological growth. Effective psychotherapy should therefore address not only symptoms but also the meaning and function of the diagnosis within the patient's identity system. Identity-focused work, strengthening of mentalization and emotion regulation, and reflective engagement with social media use are central clinical tasks. Further qualitative and longitudinal research is needed to examine how relationships to diagnosis evolve over the course of psychotherapy and ","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"37-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-Trimester Fasting Blood Glucose, BMI, and Serial FBG Trajectory as Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Lei Cui, Hong Ren, Xiao-Lin Qiao, Wen-Yi Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate first-trimester FBG category, pre-pregnancy BMI, and serial FBG trajectory as stratified predictors of GDM in a routine-care antenatal cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort of 771 women delivering at a single Chinese tertiary hospital (January-June 2013), with first-trimester FBG (<12 weeks) and 75-g OGTT at 24-28 weeks (Chinese IADPSG thresholds). GDM was diagnosed in 158 women (20.5%). Associations were analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (SPSS v19.0); all estimates are unadjusted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First-trimester FBG supported a two-tier, not three-tier, risk classification: GDM incidence in the ≤4.7 and 4.7-5.1 mmol/L strata was statistically indistinguishable (14.2% vs. 18.0%; Bonferroni-corrected p=0.188), while both were significantly lower than the ≥5.1 mmol/L stratum (45.9%; both P<0.001; overall χ²=58.835, p<0.01). The sole statistically supported triage cut-point is FBG ≥5.1 mmol/L. Non-decreasing FBG trajectory was the strongest predictor: 100% GDM incidence in the FBG ≥5.1 non-decreased subgroup (n=29; 95% CI: 88-100%; p<0.01) and 54.9% (95% CI: 43-67%) versus 4.2% in the FBG 4.7-5.1 stratum (n=71 vs. 190; p<0.01), yielding NPV 95.8% for a decreasing trajectory in this intermediate-risk group. BMI ≥24 kg/m² independently elevated GDM risk in women with FBG <5.1 mmol/L (p<0.01) but not in the FBG ≥5.1 stratum (p=0.075, n=34).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-decreasing FBG trajectory identifies high-risk subgroups missed by a single threshold, using measurements already collected in routine prenatal care. FBG ≥5.1 mmol/L alone carries a 54.1% false-positive rate; the trajectory rule substantially refines this triage. RCTs are needed to assess early intervention benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catheter-Related Intracardiac Thrombosis in Children: A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Alev Arslan, Gönül Parmaksız, Elif Habibe Aktekin, Begüm Avcı","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Central venous catheter-related intracardiac thrombosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included pediatric patients diagnosed with catheter-related intracardiac thrombosis. Demographic characteristics, thrombus features, inflammatory markers, microbiological findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two patients were included. Median age was 143 months (range 2-217). Median CRP level was 11.8 mg/L (0.2-190). Underlying disease was predominantly renal (36.4%) and malignancy (27.3%). Catheters were interjugular venous catheterization (54.5%), tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheter (27.3%), and totally implantable venous access port (18.2%). Echocardiography was most commonly triggered by infection-related presentations (40.9%) or performed during routine/high-risk surveillance (31.8%). Median thrombus size was 10.5 mm (range 2-35). Right atrial thrombi were present in 20/22 patients (90.9%); one patient had right atrial plus right ventricular thrombi, and one had left ventricular thrombi secondary to myocarditis. Thrombus resolution occurred in 21/22 catheter-related right atrial cases (100% of right-sided thrombi). tPA was used in 45.5%; catheter removal in 40.9%; and surgical thrombectomy in 13.6%. Thrombus resolution occurred in 21/22 (95.5%); one patient with myocarditis and severe heart failure died. Median time to resolution was 8 days (range 1-51). Blood cultures were positive in 40.9% (most commonly coagulase-negative staphylococci). In this small cohort, time to thrombus resolution was similar between patients receiving tPA plus low-molecular-weight heparin and those managed with low-molecular-weight heparin alone, despite larger baseline thrombus size in the tPA group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Catheter-associated intracardiac thrombosis is clinically important complication in children with chronic diseases requiring central venous access. Our findings suggest that intracardiac thrombosis may develop silently in patients with long-term central venous catheters, supporting consideration of routine echocardiographic screening in high-risk subgroups. However, the optimal screening interval and target populations remain to be defined by prospective studies. While a size- and status-guided treatment strategy achieved high resolution rates, prevention should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio after Intravenous Thrombolysis Is a Prognostic Marker in Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"PingPing Jin, SenXiang Wu, MengYing Xu, Hua Ye, QiaoWen Tong, QingYuan Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily accessible biomarker that has been shown to predict the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between NLR on admission and within 24 hours after thrombolysis in A IS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and the severity of stroke, infarction volume, hemorrhagic transformation (HT), and 90-day outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of 171 consecutive patients, the NLR value was calculated according to neutrophil and lymphocyte counts both on admission and after IVT. We defined the NLR value on admission as pre-IVT NLR and after IVT within 24 hours was defined as post-IVT NLR. We used the modified Rankin scale (mRS) to assess the 90-day outcome for AIS patients. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Post-IVT NLR level was increased in the poor prognosis group, the moderate to severe group, large infarct volume group, and HT group. (2) In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of post-IVT NLR and post-IVT platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were correlated with the 90-day prognosis of AIS. Post-IVT NLR was an independent risk factor for predicting the prognosis of AIS patients with an adjusted OR of 1.212 (p = 0.001). Post-IVT NLR demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy compared to post-IVT PLR (AUC 0.738 vs. 0.601, p = 0.001), though remained inferior to NIHSS score (AUC 0.793) and infarction volume (AUC 0.808).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-IVT NLR is related to the severity of stroke, infarction volume, HT, and 90-day outcome in AIS patients receiving IVT. Post-IVT NLR was an independent predictor (p = 0.001, OR 1.212) for predicting the prognosis of AIS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leigh Syndrome Complicated by Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Zhen-Zhen Jin, Xue-Song Wang, Hua-Bing Tang, Yong Lv","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leigh syndrome (LS) is one of the most common mitochondrial disorders in the pediatric population, primarily affecting infants and children. It presents with diverse clinical manifestations and is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In the present investigation, a retrospective analysis was conducted on a pediatric case manifesting symptoms akin to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) characterized by an acute onset. The clinical manifestations and radiographic imaging data of the pediatric patient were analyzed. In addition, genetic screening on the patient and her family members was conducted. Based on these findings, the patient was conclusively diagnosed with LS. Subsequently, the relevant literature was reviewed, and the clinical characteristics of this disease were summarized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were no prior reports of LS concomitant with TTC. TTC is a severe complication of LS. Early detection and comprehensive treatment are crucial for the successful recovery of patients with TTC. The case examined in this study provides valuable insights into the successful treatment of LS concomitant with TTC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"46 8","pages":"417-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between body mass index and visual reaction time among obese and non-obese young adults attending a tertiary care academic hospital: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ishwarya Muralidharan Valyathodi, Sudha Durairaj, Devaki Perumal Rajaram, Parijatham Sadasivam, Bindu Krishnan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reaction time is an important indicator of psychomotor performance and central nervous system efficiency. Obesity has been associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular complications; however, its relationship with basic psychomotor functions such as visual reaction time remains inadequately explored, particularly among young adults.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and visual reaction time (VRT) in young adults.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 385 apparently healthy adults aged 18-35 years. Body mass index was calculated using standard anthropometric measurements, and participants were categorised into BMI groups based on WHO criteria. Visual reaction time was assessed using an audio-visual reaction time apparatus. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and Spearman's rank correlation was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and visual reaction time was observed among obese participants (ρ = 0.314, p < 0.001). Obese individuals exhibited a median visual reaction time of 268 ms compared to 232 ms in normal-weight participants - a 36 ms (15.5%) prolongation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher BMI was associated with prolonged visual reaction time among obese young adults, suggesting early changes in psychomotor performance related to obesity. Visual reaction time may serve as a simple, non-invasive tool to detect subtle neurofunctional changes associated with increased adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"46 8","pages":"449-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between inflammatory biomarkers and type 2 diabetes in adults aged ≥40 years: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yue Wu, Huan Wu, Tong Wang, Xinyu Ma, Ezeokafor Catherine Adaeze, Yicheng Fang, Yufeng Wen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research confirms that inflammatory responses play a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, existing studies primarily rely on single or traditional inflammatory markers. The diagnostic value of emerging composite inflammatory markers, such as the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and others, remains unclear in Chinese populations aged ≥40 years. This study aims to investigate the association between these novel inflammatory markers and T2DM in this age group. This study aims to investigate the association between these novel inflammatory markers and T2DM in Chinese adults aged 40 years and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Health Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College in Wuhu City, China. Nine inflammatory markers were derived from complete blood counts. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between inflammatory markers and T2DM. Subgroup analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 194,348 participants (31,951 with T2DM, 162,397 controls), individuals with T2DM exhibited significantly elevated levels of MHR, NLR, SII, SIRI, AISI, and TyG (p < 0.001 for all), while PLR and PNR exhibited inverse associations (p < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, the highest tertile versus lowest tertile showed ORs of 7.20 (95% CI: 6.92-7.50) for TyG, 1.71 (1.64-1.79) for AISI, and 0.62 (0.60-0.65) for PNR. LMR showed no linear trend after full adjustment (p for trend = 0.301). Medication data were incomplete, precluding assessment of whether anti-inflammatory drug use (statins, aspirin) influenced these associations. Subgroup analyses revealed effect modification by age, sex, BMI, and hypertension for PLR, PNR, and TyG indices (p for interaction < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM are associated with prevalent diabetes in this cross-sectional analysis. The temporal relationship between inflammation and T2DM development cannot be determined from this study design. These readily available inflammatory markers may hold value for diabetes risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"46 8","pages":"428-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome in an Elderly Patient With Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnostic Challenges. A case report.","authors":"Yagmur Kinaci Gumuscubuk, Nuray Yilmaz Cakmak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) is an underdiagnosed cause of hyponatremia following intracranial injuries. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of CSWS in elderly patients, particularly when typical volume depletion signs are absent.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>We report an 80-year-old male with multiple comorbidities who developed CSWS following motor vehicle accident-related subarachnoid hemorrhage. The patient was confused, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ranging from eight to ten. Serum sodium declined significantly from 145 to 117 mmol/L approximately 20 days. The patient remained euvolemic with normal urine output and did not respond to fluid restriction. Elevated 24-hour urine sodium (563 mEq), and brain natriuretic peptide (154 pg/mL) confirmed CSWS. The patient initially responded to treatment; however, on the seventh day after discharge, he presented to the emergency department with a seizure. The patient died with a serum sodium level of 109 mmol/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CSWS can present without volume depletion signs. Differentiation from SIADH is pivotal, as the therapeutic approaches vary considerably. In this group of patients with intracranial trauma, the prognosis may be worse due to the risk of recurrent severe hyponatremia. Despite treatment, fatal recurrence highlights the need for intensive outpatient follow-up and frequent sodium monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94154,"journal":{"name":"Neuro endocrinology letters","volume":"46 8","pages":"423-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}