IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-08-25 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70092

Peidong Ren, Jianrou Meng, Qijian Qin, Jiafeng Shi, Jiali Yao, Yanhua Qi, Jiliang Tang, Rui-Fang Li, Guang-Tao Lu

{"title":"Tandem receiver domain response regulator DrdR modulates swarming by controlling PilB/PilT activity in Xanthomonas campestris.","authors":"Peidong Ren, Jianrou Meng, Qijian Qin, Jiafeng Shi, Jiali Yao, Yanhua Qi, Jiliang Tang, Rui-Fang Li, Guang-Tao Lu","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70092","url":null,"abstract":"Like many other bacterial organisms, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) employs two motility appendages, a single polar flagellum and type IV pili, for sensing environmental cues and traversing liquids and solid surfaces. However, compared to the flagellum, the molecular mechanisms underlying the function and regulation of the pilus in Xcc and other xanthomonads are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a special conserved orphan response regulator DrdR, which contains double receiver (REC) domains but lacks an output domain, modulates the activities of motor proteins of pili and regulates bacterial motilities, chemotaxis, and virulence in Xcc. Deletion of drdR in Xcc enhanced the flagellum-dependent swimming motility, inhibited pilus-dependent swarming motility, and altered swimming-chemotaxis. In addition, loss of DrdR led to reduced virulence and hydathode colonization. Protein-protein interaction and enzymatic assays demonstrated that DrdR physically interacts with the pili motor proteins PilB and PilT, enhancing their ATPase activity. Moreover, in silico analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the C-terminal REC domain is a functional receiver, whereas the N-terminal REC domain is a catalytically inactive pseudo-receiver. Taken together, our findings suggest that Xcc DrdR most likely controls pilus-dependent swarming motility through modulating the ATPase activities of two key motor proteins, PilT and PilB, and this motility appears to be vital for the early invasion of Xcc.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":" ","pages":"473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elucidating the physiological significance of iodate reduction in Shewanella species. 阐明薛瓦氏菌中碘酸盐减少的生理意义。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-08-23 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70096

Ziyi Wang, Lingyu Hou, Yidan Hu, Zhou Jiang, Yiran Dong, Liang Shi, Yongguang Jiang

{"title":"Elucidating the physiological significance of iodate reduction in Shewanella species.","authors":"Ziyi Wang, Lingyu Hou, Yidan Hu, Zhou Jiang, Yiran Dong, Liang Shi, Yongguang Jiang","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of iodate by Shewanella species plays a crucial role in iodine biogeochemical cycling. However, the physiological significance of this reduction process remains poorly understood, because Shewanella species are capable of reducing only low concentrations of iodate. This study systematically examined the physiological and transcriptomic responses of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to iodate exposure. Our results showed that phenol-mediated elimination of hypoiodous acid did not increase the upper limit of iodate reduction achieved by S. oneidensis MR-1, and dimethyl sulfoxide was preferentially utilized over iodate by the organism. When iodate served as the sole electron acceptor, no increase in total cellular protein was observed in S. oneidensis MR-1, in contrast to marine Shewanella strains, which exhibited increased production of total cellular protein at 0.25 and 0.50 mM iodate. Furthermore, anaerobic growth of S. oneidensis MR-1 and the ΔdmsEFAB strain was dose-dependently inhibited by iodate, which induced significant oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of mtrCAB and several genes encoding antioxidant enzymes were elevated during iodate reduction. Deletion mutants of so1563 (glutathione peroxidase), so1659 (c-type cytochrome), and so0534 (arsenate permease) exhibited reduced capacities for iodate reduction or H2O2 degradation. Notably, supplementation of H2O2 in the medium compromised iodate reduction in both wild-type and mutant strains. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that iodate reduction in Shewanella primarily functions as a detoxification mechanism rather than a process for energy conservation. The results further highlight distinct adaptive strategies employed by Shewanella species in freshwater and marine environments with different iodine concentrations.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":" ","pages":"507-519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wastewater treatment plant as a stable contributor affecting coastal ocean water viral communities. 污水处理厂是影响沿海海水病毒群落的稳定贡献者。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-08-17 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70098

Qiji Zhang, Zhanwen Cheng, Xiaotong Tang, Yuxi Yan, Yu Xia

引用次数: 0

Advances and challenges in experimental models for Epstein-Barr virus research. eb病毒实验模型研究进展与挑战

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70081

Gulimire Wufuer, Jiabao Tang, Tingdong Li, Shengxiang Ge, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia

{"title":"Advances and challenges in experimental models for Epstein-Barr virus research.","authors":"Gulimire Wufuer, Jiabao Tang, Tingdong Li, Shengxiang Ge, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first identified human oncovirus, is a ubiquitous γ-herpesvirus etiologically linked to diverse malignancies, lymphoproliferative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Experimental models are pivotal for unraveling the infection and pathogenesis mechanisms, life cycle regulation, as well as development and evaluation of antiviral vaccines and therapeutics. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell lines (e.g., lymphoblastoid cell lines [LCLs] and NPC43) have provided foundational insights into viral latency and oncogenesis, but lack physiological complexity. Emerging three-dimensional (3D) models, such as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures, spheroids, and patient-derived organoids (PDOs), better mimic tissue architecture and tumor microenvironments and yet face challenges in scalability, dynamic microenvironments, and immune component integration. Animal models, such as humanized mice, rabbits, and tree shrews, have been developed that overcome in vitro limitations by recapitulating systemic interactions, immune responses, and disease progression. Despite these advances, persistent challenges remain, including species-specific constraints, incomplete modeling of the tumor microenvironment, partial immune system representation, and limited disease heterogeneity. This review systematically summarizes the technical features, applicability, and limitations of current models, provides guidance for selecting experimental models in further studies, and emphasizes the need for innovative, patient-tailored platforms to unravel EBV's lifelong pathogenesis and facilitate the translation of EBV vaccines and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":" ","pages":"401-416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antarctic Circumpolar Current creates a boundary limiting the meridional dispersal of bacteria in the Southern Ocean. 南极绕极流形成了一个边界，限制了细菌在南大洋的经向传播。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-08-05 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70094

Siqi Lin, Yanru Dang, Yu Wang, Ninghua Liu, Chunyang Li, Pingyi Li, Xiying Zhang, Xiulan Chen, Yu Xin, Li Liao, Andrew McMinn, Yuzhong Zhang, Qi-Long Qin

引用次数: 0

Pasteurella lipoprotein E interacts with host ABCF2 to facilitate adhesion and cell apoptosis. 巴氏杆菌脂蛋白E与宿主ABCF2相互作用促进粘附和细胞凋亡。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-07-19 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70056

Yuyao Shang, Fei Wang, Menghan Chen, Zihao Wang, Hanyuan Liu, Lin Hua, Huanchun Chen, Bin Wu, Zhong Peng

{"title":"Pasteurella lipoprotein E interacts with host ABCF2 to facilitate adhesion and cell apoptosis.","authors":"Yuyao Shang, Fei Wang, Menghan Chen, Zihao Wang, Hanyuan Liu, Lin Hua, Huanchun Chen, Bin Wu, Zhong Peng","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Pasteurella multocida can cause serious diseases in many animal species and humans, yet the mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that the lipoprotein E (PlpE) of P. multocida contributed to bacterial adhesion to host cells. Through turboID-based proximity labeling screening, we identified ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 2 (ABCF2) as a host-interaction protein for PlpE, and Asp-123 in PlpE was identified as the crucial amino acid residue for the interaction. Knocking out ABCF2 significantly reduced the adhesion of P. multocida to host cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that P. multocida infection upregulated the expression of host ABCF2 by activating the NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we showed that ABCF2 was involved in the P. multocida-induced p53-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of ABCF2 as a host factor contributing to the adhesion of P. multocida and only the second report of ABCF2's involvement in bacterial pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"5 4","pages":"447-458"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecosystem retrogression enhances cross-domain microbial stability and increases the genetic potential for nutrient cycling. 生态系统的退化增强了微生物的跨域稳定性，增加了养分循环的遗传潜力。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-07-19 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70087

Javier A Ceja-Navarro, Dishant Patel, Garret Genco, Alyssa Byer, Daliang Ning, Kenneth H Wan, Susan E Celniker, Jizhong Zhou, Paul Dijkstra, Bruce A Hungate, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Eoin L Brodie

{"title":"Ecosystem retrogression enhances cross-domain microbial stability and increases the genetic potential for nutrient cycling.","authors":"Javier A Ceja-Navarro, Dishant Patel, Garret Genco, Alyssa Byer, Daliang Ning, Kenneth H Wan, Susan E Celniker, Jizhong Zhou, Paul Dijkstra, Bruce A Hungate, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Eoin L Brodie","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem retrogression drives nutrient depletion, reduced productivity, and profound reorganization of soil microbial communities. Using amplicon sequencing and genome-resolved metagenomics, we examined how cross-domain microbial networks and functional gene potential respond to long-term phosphorus and nitrogen limitation along the well-characterized Ecological Staircase chronosequence in Mendocino, California, USA. Microbial diversity and abundance declined sharply with terrace age for prokaryotes, predatory protists, and bacteriophages, whereas fungi and phototrophic protists increased in nutrient-depleted, acidic soils. These compositional shifts were accompanied by major changes in reconstructed microbial networks: relative modularity increased alongside robustness, indicating adaptive reorganization that may sustain ecosystem function under resource scarcity. Fungi emerged as central stabilizers in these restructured networks, carrying enriched genetic potential to degrade plant polymers and mobilize phosphorus and nitrogen. Despite a decline in overall phage diversity, the relative abundance of phages encoding phosphorus-mobilizing auxiliary metabolic genes increased, suggesting that viral contributions to host phosphorus metabolism may be enhanced under nutrient limitation. Together, these results demonstrate that ecosystem retrogression drives cross-domain microbial reorganization toward fewer but more interconnected lineages, characterized by greater integration of functional genetic potential. This reorganization enhances the potential for functional resilience under extreme nutrient limitation, revealing how microbial networks adapt to maintain the capacity for nutrient cycling and stability as soils age and fertility declines.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"5 4","pages":"486-506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SARS-CoV-2 enhances lysosomal exocytosis and deacidifies lysosomes to facilitate viral release. SARS-CoV-2增强溶酶体胞吐并使溶酶体脱酸以促进病毒释放。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-06-26 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70065

Fujun Qin, Chuang Yan, Zizheng Liu, Dianbing Wang, Huimin Zhong, Qiang Ding, Minghai Chen, Xian-En Zhang

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 enhances lysosomal exocytosis and deacidifies lysosomes to facilitate viral release.","authors":"Fujun Qin, Chuang Yan, Zizheng Liu, Dianbing Wang, Huimin Zhong, Qiang Ding, Minghai Chen, Xian-En Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 egress predominantly governs the quantity and quality of progeny viruses, thereby significantly contributing to viral pathogenicity. However, the key factors influencing viral egress remain largely unclear. In this study, using transcription- and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particle (SARS-CoV-2 trVLP), electron microscopy, drug inhibition assays, and cellular pH-sensitive fluorescent probes, we demonstrate that increased lysosomal exocytosis efficiency and lysosome deacidification play a pivotal role in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 egress. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 may use multiple egress pathways, with lysosomal exocytosis as the primary mechanism and the biosynthetic secretory pathway as a less efficient route. Viral infection enhances lysosomal exocytosis via the ORF3a protein, thus facilitating viral release. SARS-CoV-2 infection also induces lysosome deacidification; moreover, treatment with bafilomycin A1, which induces lysosome deacidification, further enhances viral egress. Furthermore, we systematically investigate how viral proteins affect lysosomal pH and enzymatic activities. Our findings reveal that ORF3a and E proteins induce lysosome deacidification and diminish lysosomal enzyme activities, probably protecting progeny viruses from premature cleavage and degradation. This study provides mechanistic insight into how SARS-CoV-2 promotes lysosomal exocytosis and triggers lysosome deacidification for viral release.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"5 3","pages":"339-354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The toxin-antitoxin complex Fic-1-AntF functions as a deAMPylase that regulates the activity of DNA gyrase. 毒素-抗毒素复合物Fic-1-AntF作为一种脱氨酶，调节DNA旋切酶的活性。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-06-25 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70085

Furong Chen, Liwei Guo, Canhua Lu, Wenjun Jiang, Zhao-Qing Luo, Junfeng Liu, Li-Qun Zhang

{"title":"The toxin-antitoxin complex Fic-1-AntF functions as a deAMPylase that regulates the activity of DNA gyrase.","authors":"Furong Chen, Liwei Guo, Canhua Lu, Wenjun Jiang, Zhao-Qing Luo, Junfeng Liu, Li-Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/mlf2.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mlf2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems found in diverse bacteria play important roles in their adaptation to changing environments. The toxin of the Fic-1-AntF TA pair from Pseudomonas bijieensis strain 2P24 inhibits bacterial DNA replication by attacking the subunit B of DNA gyrase (GyrB) via AMPylation, while the antitoxin AntF blocks its enzymatic activity by forming a stable protein complex. Although many proteins, including bacterial toxins, have been found to catalyze AMPylation, few enzymes involved in reversing this modification have been described. In this study, we found that the Fic-1-AntF complex functions as a deAMPylase to reverse GyrB modification imposed by Fic-1. Structural and genetic analyses of the Fic-1-AntF complex revealed that Glu28 of AntF is critical for catalysis. Thus, AntF not only functions to inhibit the activity of Fic-1 but also cooperates with the toxin to return the modified substrate to its native form by de-modification. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for bacterial toxin, which sheds light on the evolution of such enzymes, particularly those of multiple subunits.","PeriodicalId":94145,"journal":{"name":"mLife","volume":"5 3","pages":"301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protists show high resilience and thrive under multiple chemical stressors. 原生生物表现出很高的弹性，在多种化学压力下也能茁壮成长。

IF 6.7

mLife Pub Date : 2026-06-25 eCollection Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.70083

Jijuan Ding, Fei Liu, Yuanchen Zhao, Zhili He, Yijing Shi, Longfei Shu

引用次数: 0

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