Medical research archives最新文献

{"title":"Medical Mistrust on Prostate Cancer Screening: A mixed method study among African Americans, Caribbean immigrants and African immigrants.","authors":"Malika Nipher, Roberts Lisa, Alemi Qais, Casiano Carlos A, Montgomery Susanne","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5727","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The contribution of medical mistrust to healthcare utilization delays has been gaining increasing attention. However, few studies have examined these associations among subgroups of Black men (African Americans, Caribbean, and African immigrants) in relation to prostate cancer (PCa). This study addresses this gap by assessing how medical mistrust affects PCa screening behavior and to further understand perceptions of medical mistrust among subgroups of Black men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research employs a mixed-methods approach comprising two distinct phases. In Phase 1, a cross-sectional examination was conducted to evaluate the influence of medical mistrust toward healthcare organizations on prostate cancer screening among 498 Black men. In Phase 2, a qualitative investigation was undertaken to delve into the nuances of medical mistrust through six focus groups (n=51) and ten key informant interviews (n=10). Logistic regression and grounded theory methods were employed for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative findings unveiled disparities in mistrust among subgroups, with Caribbean immigrants exhibiting higher levels of medical mistrust. Nevertheless, individuals with a family history of PCa showed elevated likelihoods of undergoing screening, despite mistrust. Qualitative results revealed 1) differences in reasons for medical mistrust among Black subgroups, 2) cultural perceptions which influence medical mistrust and medical care seeking, 3) lack of education in relation to PCa that contributes to medical mistrust, 4) negative past experiences and poor provider communication contribute, and 5) when PCa directly affected one's life, either personally or within the family, there was a recognized importance placed on monitoring one's risk despite mistrust.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While medical mistrust may not significantly deter healthcare utilization among individuals with a family history or diagnosis of PCa, it underscores the variability of medical mistrust and its underlying reasons among different Black subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for small for gestational age as defined by a birthweight z-score below minus one: A prospective observational study.","authors":"Hein Odendaal, Lucy T Brink, Anusha Lachman, Daan Nel","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5731","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the maternal risk factors for small-for-gestational-age newborns as defined by a birthweight <i>z</i>-score (BWZS) < -1.0.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective cohort study with recruitment from August 2007 to January 2015.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Recruitment at a community health centre with assessments at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Population: </strong>A largely homogeneous population in a low socioeconomic residential area in Cape Town.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a further analysis of the data of the Safe Passage Study which investigated whether exposure to alcohol and tobacco was associated with increased risk of stillbirth and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Birthweight <i>z</i>-score < -1.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual odds ratios (ORs), in descending order, were associated with smoking, drinking, and preeclampsia (2.45), previous stillbirth (1.85), smoking (including smokers only and drinkers who also smoked) (1.55), preeclampsia (1.52), smoking and drinking (does not include smokers only or drinkers only)(1.43), hypertension (1.28), drug use (1.24), drinking during pregnancy (including drinkers only and drinkers who also smoked) (1.18), thoughts of self-harm (1.13), and crowding (1.10). After multiple logistic regression, highly significant ORs were found for previous stillbirth (1.89), cigarette smoking (1.84), hypertension (1.40), education (0.94) and body mass index (BMI) (0.95). Thoughts of self-harm then had an OR of 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.18).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Previous stillbirth, cigarette smoking, hypertension, lesser education, and a lower BMI were associated with the highest risks for low BWZS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking alcohol use to Alzheimer's disease: Interactions with aging and APOE along immune pathways.","authors":"Mollie Monnig, Krish Shah","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5228","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although it is known that APOE genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, development is a multifactorial process. Alcohol use is a contributor to the epidemic of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the US and globally, yet mechanisms are not fully understood. Carriers of the APOE ε4 allele show elevated risk of dementia in relation to several lifestyle factors, including alcohol use. In this review, we describe how alcohol interacts with APOE genotype and aging with potential implications for Alzheimer's disease promotion. Age-related immune senescence and \"inflammaging\" (i.e., low-grade inflammation associated with aging) are increasingly recognized as contributors to age-related disease. We focus on three immune pathways that are likely contributors to Alzheimer's disease development, centering on alcohol and APOE genotype interactions, specifically: 1) microbial translocation and immune activation, 2) the senescence associated secretory phenotype, and 3) neuroinflammation. First, microbial translocation, the unphysiological movement of gut products into systemic circulation, elicits a proinflammatory response and increases with aging, with proposed links to Alzheimer's disease. Second, the senescence associated secretory phenotype is a set of intercellular signaling factors, e.g., proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, growth regulators, and proteases, that drives cellular aging when senescent cells remain metabolically active. The senescence associated secretory phenotype can drive development of aging-diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Third, neuroinflammation occurs via numerous mechanisms such as microglial activation and is gaining recognition as an etiological factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on interactions of alcohol with APOE genotype and aging along these three pathways that may promote Alzheimer's disease. Further research on these processes may inform development of strategies to prevent onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and to delay associated cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-occurring trauma- and stressor-related and substance-related disorders in youth: A narrative review.","authors":"Jesse D Hinckley, Zachary W Adams, Trey V Dellucci, Steven Berkowitz","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5688","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is characterized by ongoing neurodevelopment and psychosocial development, resulting in a unique window to the adverse effects of traumatic events and substance use. In addition, trauma- and stressor-related disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs) commonly co-occur in adolescents. Youth with interpersonal violence and who have experienced multiple past traumas, or poly-victimization, are at the highest risk of developing these co-occurring disorders. There is a strong bidirectional relationship between traumatic events and substance use that predisposes youth to developing post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and SUDs. PTSD and states of substance intoxication and withdrawal also exhibit overlap in symptomatology. High rates of comorbidity may be explained in part by the self-medication hypothesis, that posits that individuals use substances to temporarily alleviate trauma-related symptoms. However, this results in negative reinforcement, often with increasing patterns of substance use and worsening symptoms of hyperarousal, dysphoria, and anxiety. In addition, PTSS and substance use problems share common risk factors and neurobiologic etiology, conceptualized as the susceptibility hypothesis. Youth who experience traumatic events and/or have substance use problems access the healthcare system at multiple levels, including through acute care and crisis services. Notably, substance use in adolescence increases the likelihood of experiencing a traumatic event, and youth presenting to the emergency department for substance-related problems are at higher risk of having a PTSD. Youth presenting for mental health, behavioral, or substance-related problems should be screened for PTSS and substance use problems. Given the strong clinical overlap and bidirectional relationship, evidence-based treatment integrates management of both disorders. An interdisciplinary approach with psychotherapy, psychopharmacologic therapy, and case management is often vital to engaging and maintaining youth in treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addictive Behavior and Evolutionary Adaptation: Mitigated through Genetic Addiction Risk Severity Early Identification and Awareness Integration Theory.","authors":"Foojan Zeine, Nicole Jafari, Eileen Manoukian, Kenneth Blum","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5702","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Humans, with their unique genetic profile, exhibit a greater propensity to develop and maintain addiction compared to other animals. This paper offers a detailed examination of addiction, co-occurring traits, and psychologic disorders, focusing on neurobiological and molecular aspects. Furthermore, the authors investigate the potential of the Awareness Integration Theoretical model as an effective therapeutic addiction treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using PsychINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the evolutionary and adaptation pathways to addiction, epigenetic factors, and the potentiality of Awareness Integration Theory in treating addiction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Epigenetics allows environmental factors to create lasting and heritable phenotypic changes, enabling rapid adaptation to these stimuli. Addiction \"high-jacks\" this system and the neurochemical mechanisms that control flexibility and innovation and is, thus, the price we pay for adaptability. Drug addiction is thought of as an adjunctive behavior or a subordinate behavior catalyzed by more profound, more significant psychological and biological stimuli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The neurochemical mechanisms underlying addiction, a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, are intertwined with the hallmark features of the human species, such as behavioral flexibility and pre-addictive propensity. The dopaminergic system, a key player in addiction, serves as a crucial link between addiction and the shared genetic profile evident in co-occurring traits and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Furthermore, a hypofunctioning dopaminergic system is a common characteristic of addiction and co-occurring psychiatric and psychological disorders. Early childhood preventative measures are vital in re-directing the existing predictive and poor adaptability functioning, which refers to the individual's inability to adapt to changing circumstances and reliance on maladaptive coping strategies. Awareness Integration Theory's approach encompasses a therapeutical model addressing individuals' physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains, allowing the individual to address intergenerational and ancestral ineffective and harmful adaptability. This, in turn, AIT will allow the human genome to be on a healthier path to recovery from obstacles such as addiction. When a tendency or a characteristic improves your ability to function and survive, and especially your ability to produce and raise children, that will most likely break the cycle of addiction and addictive behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Presentation at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center and a Safety-Net Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Munir H Buhaya, Megan Turley, Ofelia Negrete Vasquez, Nicholas Bryant, Baqir Jafry, Sitaram Chilakamarry, Javier Salgado Pogacnik, Syed M Kazmi, Joseph Su, Emina H Huang","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5761","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i8.5761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical setting where patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), especially young adults, accessed the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic to obtain their diagnosis is understudied. We hypothesized that patients with early-onset CRC (EO-CRC) present at disproportionate rates to emergency departments compared to patients with average-age onset CRC (AO-CRC).</p><p><strong>Patient and methods: </strong>Clinical chart review was conducted for patients discussed at tumor board from the University of Texas Southwestern and Parkland Health Hospitals from August 2020 to August 2022 to compare the site of presentation that led to diagnosis: emergency department or primary care setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-hundred and ninety-three patients with CRC were included (69% AO-CRC, 31% EO-CRC), presenting at similar rates to primary care providers and emergency department (55% vs 45%, respectively). Most patients who presented to the emergency department received their cancer care at the safety net hospital (70%, p <0.001). Race/ethnicity, and comorbidities like obesity and metabolic dysregulation were also associated with emergency department presentation. Patients from the safety net hospital and those with obesity-related comorbidities were more likely present to the emergency department (OR 5.98, 95% CI 2.88 - 12.41, p<0.001; OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.18 - 14.81, p=0.03). Patients with rectal cancer are less likely to present to the emergency department (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21 - 0.85, p=0.02). No differences were observed between EO-CRC and AO-CRC with respect to the presentation site.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here we identified factors linked to CRC diagnostic access to the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic in a racially and ethnically diverse population. Future research in this area can inform specialized CRC screening and diagnostic pathways for vulnerable young adults, guiding resource allocation to improve access to care and prompt diagnosis. Additionally, these insights can guide diagnostic access plans during global health crises for at-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145806949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protease activity-based nanobiosensors for early detection of pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Obdulia Covarrubias-Zambrano, Deepesh Agarwal, Madumali Kalubowilage, Sumia Ehsan, Asanka S Yapa, Jose Covarrubias, Anup Kasi, Balasubramaniam Natarajan, Stefan H Bossmann","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i7.5632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v12i7.5632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer patients has increased to 12.8% afterthe initial diagnosis, still making it one of the deadliest cancertypes. This disease is known as the \"silent killer\" because early detection is challenging due to the location of the pancreas in the body and the nonspecific clinical symptoms. The Bossmann group has developed ultrasensitive nanobiosensors for protease/arginase detection comprised of Fe/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, cyanine 5.5, and designer peptide sequences linked to TCPP. Initial data obtained from both gene expression analysis and protease/arginase activity detection in serum indicated the feasibility of early pancreatic cancer detection. Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, -1, -3, and -9), cathepsins (CTS) B and E, neutrophil elastase, and urokinase plaminogen activator (uPA) have been identified as candidates for proximal biomarkers. In this study, we have confirmed our initial results from 2018 performing serum sample analysis assays using a larger group sample size (n = 159), which included localized (n=33) and metastatic pancreatic cancer (n=50), pancreatitis (n=26), and an age-matched healthy control group (n=50). The data obtained from the eight nanobiosensors capable of ultrasensitive protease and arginase activity measurements were analyzed by means of an optimized information fusion-based hierarchical decision structure. This permits the modeling of early-stage detection of pancreatic cancer as a multi-class classification problem. The most striking result is that this methodology permits the detection of localized pancreatic cancers from serum analyses with around 96% accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Literacy and Public Stigma: Examining the Link in 17 Countries.","authors":"Gabriele Ciciurkaite, Bernice A Pescosolido","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i7.5471","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i7.5471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Literacy campaigns stand as the most common approach to raising awareness of mental health problems, increasing the use of services, and reducing stigma. However, research suggests that more informed public beliefs may have little effect or even trigger the stigma backlash. We aim to provide a wider, cross-national examination of how stigma varies globally and to examine whether the ability to recognize a mental health problem and see it as \"a disease like any other\" is the optimal roadmap for stigma reduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from the Stigma in Global Context - Mental Health Study (SGC-MHS), which were collected from non-institutionalized adults 18 years of age or older through face-to-face interviews using vignettes meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4^th edition clinical criteria for schizophrenia and major depression in 17 countries (N = 18,342; response rate 65.9%). Analyses of association between the public's endorsement of problem recognition, disease attributions, and severity on the desire for social distance were conducted using multivariate regression models in the structural equation modeling framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both depression and schizophrenia, countries fell into three groups of low, medium and high levels of public stigma. Consistently, Brazil and Germany anchored the lowest levels, Bangladesh and Hungary reported the highest levels, with Great Britain, USA, Belgium falling in midrange. Measures of mental health literacy did not have uniform effects, but, where significant, tended to align with expectations under labelling theory's ideas about rejection rather than attribution theory's claims for mental health literacy. Ironically, the most stable factor associated with lower stigma is the assessment that the situation will improve on its own, in direct contradiction to literacy theories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall results suggest that anti-stigma efforts should move past a focus on mental health literacy or at least recognize its limitation and potential unintended consequences. Recognizing a situation as a mental illness can change the public's support for mental health services to some extent. The association between seeing the problem resolving on its own and lower stigma levels suggests that newer approaches that focus on connectedness and mental health may hold greater purchase to decrease public stigma and increase recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11376373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Cognitive Domains in the Era of ChatGPT: A Comprehensive Analysis of Artificial Intelligence's Influence and Future Implications.","authors":"Souvik Dubey, Ritwik Ghosh, Mahua Jana Dubey, Subhankar Chatterjee, Shambaditya Das, Julián Benito-León","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i6.5383","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i6.5383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Despite its extensive utilization, research on Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT)'s potential negative impact on specific cognitive processes is scarce. This article explores the widespread use of ChatGPT in educational, corporate, and various other sectors, focusing on its interaction with distinct cognitive domains such as attention, executive function, language, memory, visuospatial abilities, and social cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted using PubMed, identifying 256 articles, with 29 peer-reviewed articles analyzed after screening for relevance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review emphasizes the extraordinary capabilities of the human brain, which often go unrecognized, and argues for the importance of maintaining and enhancing natural cognitive abilities using artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT as an aid rather than a replacement. The findings highlight the advanced reasoning capabilities of ChatGPT, blending intuitive and deliberate cognitive processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Building a socio-cognitive architecture for collective human-machine intelligence has significant potential. While ChatGPT offers impressive capabilities, over-reliance on it for cognitive tasks can lead to the erosion of essential skills. It is crucial to find a balance between leveraging artificial intelligence's advantages and preserving our natural cognitive abilities, ensuring continuous practice and engagement in traditional cognitive exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the efficacy of facial masks to suppress the spreading of pathogen-carrying saliva particles during human respiratory events: Insights gained via high-fidelity numerical modeling.","authors":"Hossein Seyedzadeh, Jonathan Craig, Ali Khosronejad","doi":"10.18103/mra.v12i5.5441","DOIUrl":"10.18103/mra.v12i5.5441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory fluid dynamics is integral to comprehending the transmission of infectious diseases and the effectiveness of interventions such as face masks and social distancing. In this research, we present our recent studies that investigate respiratory particle transport via high-fidelity large eddy simulation coupled with the Lagrangian particle tracking method. Based on our numerical simulation results for human respiratory events with and without face masks, we demonstrate that facial masks could significantly suppress particle spreading. The studied respiratory events include coughing and normal breathing through mouth and nose. Using the Lagrangian particle tracking simulation results, we elucidated the transport pathways of saliva particles during inhalation and exhalation of breathing cycles, contributing to our understanding of respiratory physiology and potential disease transmission routes. Our findings underscore the importance of respiratory fluid dynamics research in informing public health strategies to reduce the spread of respiratory infections. Combining advanced mathematical modeling techniques with experimental data will help future research on airborne disease transmission dynamics and the effectiveness of preventive measures such as face masks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}