Medical research archives最新文献

{"title":"An overview of lockdown measures, vaccination rollout and other treatment strategies used against COVID-19 in the past triennium since the start of the global pandemic in the United Kingdom","authors":"Carl Paramedic","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i1.3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i1.3500","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019 there was a novel outbreak in Wuhan, China where an unknown respiratory disease known as SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) started to spread rapidly across the world. In March 2020 the World Health Organisation declared a global pandemic. Over the next few years, the United Kingdom began adapting specific lockdown measures to prevent the spread of the disease, where a vaccination programme was started in December 2020 across the country to help prevent severity and reduce the rate of infection. Since the start of the pandemic, health care professionals have continued to work on effective treatment strategies to help relieve the stress on the health systems and manage the symptoms of the disease across the nation.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of glycosylation on the development and treatment of neuroblastoma.","authors":"Robert Campbell","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i6.3933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i6.3933","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroblastoma is a solid malignancy observed in pediatric patients that develops when neuroblasts are unable to mature, leading to unregulated proliferation and tumor formation. Neuroblastoma commonly manifests in the adrenal gland, but may also form in the neck, chest, or spinal cord. Neuroblastoma is heterogeneous and aggressive in nature, leading to high treatment failure, morbidity, and mortality rates. Lewis family glycans, as part of the Core 2 O- glycans, play a key role in neuroblastoma malignant cell behavior in MYCN-amplified cell lines. Current treatment approaches for neuroblastoma include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. These approaches are faced with physiological and cellular barriers, including the influence of glycosylation in cancer diseases. Studies have confirmed that the inhibition of mucin glycosylation has improved effectiveness of cytotoxic drug agents employed against solid malignancies such as with pancreatic cancer, yet little research is available regarding the influence of glycosylated proteins for other diseases. This article reviews the effect of glycosylation on the development and treatment of neuroblastoma.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Six Lactobacillus Isolates from American Quarter Horses","authors":"Racheal Baartmans, Mary Mendoza, A. Dickey, H. Hassan","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i1.3492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i1.3492","url":null,"abstract":"The internal cavity of equine contains symbiotic microorganisms that are collectively referred to as the gut microbiota, which interact with the host immune system from birth. The microorganisms in the gut microbiota are shaped by their interactions with the gut environment throughout the life of the host, i.e., exposure to antibiotics and diet. Lactobacilli are one of the major groups found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Lactobacilli are members of the lactic acid bacteria, and they help to maintain a balanced gut microbiome and stimulate the host’s immune system. In this study six equine Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from three American Quarter horses of different ages (i.e., 1-day post-weaning, 1.5-month post-weaning, and 10-year-old mature gelding). The metabolic properties that allowed the isolates to survive in the harsh environment of the gut were characterized. Thus, we evaluated their abilities to metabolize different carbohydrates and to withstand acidic pH, bile salts, antibiotics, and to inhibit pathogenic bacteria which may be encountered during their passage to the small/large intestine. We also identified the genetic elements that allow the isolates to survive and persist in the host’s gut environment by using data generated from whole genome sequencing. The data indicated that the isolates were metabolically adapted to the age of the host and the type of feed consumed. The characterized isolates are potential probiotic candidates for enhancing the gut health of equines.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89668760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Eye Changes in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease with the Aid of a Smartphone: An Observational Study","authors":"C. Mengue, L. Pellanda, M. Parodi, M. Vilela","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among congenital diseases, congenital heart disease is one of the most frequent defects, accounting for high morbidity and mortality rates. Coexistence of ocular sequelae, especially in retinal microvascularization, is frequent, and may be a marker of vascular damage and severity of underlying disease. Aims: To identify ocular anatomical repercussions in children with congenital heart diseases; to describe the prevalence of potential markers associated with retinal vessels using a smartphone. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with children diagnosed with congenital heart disease treated at the Instituto de Cardiologia in Porto Alegre-RS from 4 up to (but not over) 18 years old. Results: Of a total of 218 patients assessed, 206 were included in the study. Mean age was 10.19 years +- 3.88. Uncorrected visual acuity poorer than 0.6 in at least one eye was found in 11.65% (24) of all patients. Regarding retinal findings, estimated mean arterial tortuosity was 437.79 μm, and estimated mean venous tortuosity was 336.41 μm. Taking only the cyanotic group, the arterial mean reached 557.29 μm, and the venous mean reached 401.86 (p=.001 and p=.004, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, estimated mean arterial tortuosity of cyanotic patients undergoing clinical treatment was 699.13 μm versus 489.74 μm for those without clinical treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Presence of retinal vascular tortuosity, especially in the arterial bed, is associated with cyanotic CHD. Identification of ocular changes, especially through an easily accessible and universal method such as the smartphone, may have diagnostic and prognostic significance.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UCP2 Upregulation Increases Fra-1 Expression and S-phase Cell Population without Decreasing Apoptosis during Skin Cell Transformation","authors":"Yunfeng Zhao, Annapoorna Sreedhar, Chunjing Zhang, Noel Jacquet","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i6.3938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i6.3938","url":null,"abstract":"Upregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is considered a prosurvival mechanism for cancer cells. This prosurvival function is thought to be mediated by UCP2’s uncoupling activity which reduces the production of superoxide in the mitochondria. However, exactly how highly expressed UCP2 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death during the early stage of tumorigenesis has not been studied thoroughly. For this purpose, we generated UCP2 stably overexpressed JB6 Cl-41 cells (a skin cell transformation model) and performed studies to answer the above questions. Our results demonstrated that UCP2 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation, activation of the oncoprotein Fra-1, anchorage-independent growth, 3D spheroids growth, and glucose uptake during skin cell transformation. Next, our results demonstrated that UCP2 overexpression resulted in marked decreases in the proportion of the cells in the G1 phase and an increase of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, which was accompanied by increased expression of Cyclin E and Cdk2. Lastly, UCP2 overexpression did not enhance or suppress apoptosis during skin cell transformation, as indicated by Annexin V and active caspase 3/7 staining. Taken together, these data suggest that UCP2 upregulation mainly enhances the Fra-1 oncogenic pathway which drives cell proliferation, without inhibiting apoptosis during skin cell transformation.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"27 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90435527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Factors Influencing Anxiety and Depression in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Patricia McLaughlin, L. Odom, I. Zagon","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i6.3964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i6.3964","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with multiple sclerosis have been subjected to extra levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic when they were singled out by governmental regulatory agencies as sufficiently immune-compromised persons that should be in the first group to receive the untested, new COVID-19 vaccine. The designation of these persons in such a high-risk group compounded their anxiety and depression. Early in the disease in 2020-2021, little was known about the disease, the vaccine, or whether their disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis were subjecting them to more immunomodulatory suppression. This review is not comprehensive of all articles written on COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis, but selectively looks at research on COVID-19 and use of low-doses of naltrexone as treatment. Specific causes for anxiety and depression are discussed in light of evidence that suggests that the length of disease, rather than age, sex, or therapy leads to more anxiety. Low-dose naltrexone in combination with other disease-modifying therapies, or alone, reduced the perceived levels of anxiety. These data suggest that clinicians may want to prescribe low-dose naltrexone for early-stage multiple sclerosis patients.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78140490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ependymoma of the Filum Terminale, Technical Operative Note","authors":"Simon Diaz, G. Cossu, Mihailo Obrenović, J. Barges-Coll","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i4.3591","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spinal cord tumors represent 2-4% of all CNS tumors. Ependymomas are the most frequent lesions of the spinal cord1. Gross total resection remains the gold standard2. Method: We describe the mini-invasive surgical technique using a fixed tubular retractor performed for the resection of an ependymoma of the filum terminale, along with its advantages and limits. Conclusion: This mini-invasive technique has shown to be safe and effective for the resection of filum terminale ependymoma, with a good impact on postoperative pain and less risks of CSF leak, which is probably secondary to a limited dead space.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture of Honor and COVID-19: Regional Mitigation Efforts in the United States During the Pandemic","authors":"Kiersten R. Baughman","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i7.2.4176","url":null,"abstract":"As the COVID-19 pandemic struck in early 2020, states in the United States (U.S.) varied widely in the arrival of the first case of the virus, the official response of government officials and citizens, and the overall impact of the virus. The Culture of Honor, a reputation-based system more prevalent in the U.S. South and West, is linked with lawlessness or mistrust of the law where it exists, fierce independence, and condones aggressive behaviors, particularly in response to threat. The current project explored the influence of the Culture of Honor on perceptions of the legitimacy of COVID-19 messaging, government actions and citizens responses, and overall impact of the pandemic at the state level. It was predicted that the overall numbers of citizens infected by COVID-19 would be higher in culture of honor states, that any actions taken by government officials would be strict and perceived negatively by citizens residing in culture of honor states, and that citizens would be unlikely to follow any imposed government restrictions. Publicly available data were compiled for each of the U.S. states including total number of COVID-19 cases, total deaths, how the elected officials managed any coordinated response (such as issuing executive orders, any stay-at-home or lockdown orders), and coded evidence of citizens violating any of these orders such as by protesting or showing up at public locations that were currently closed. I am deeply indebted to Luke Conway for providing access to an individual-level dataset collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) that included 978 people from across the U.S. who had responded to items related to these variables of interest. Analyses indicated that individuals in US states identified as Culture of Honor had seen greater impact to their states of the COVID-19 pandemic as of 2020 in several ways, including higher total number of citizens who tested positive and also died from COVID-19, less support for government action to mitigate the spread, and stronger distrust of information shared by their state authorities about the pandemic. These findings indicate that cultural values including the Culture of Honor could impede state-level attempts to thwart the spread of contagious diseases and other measures intended to protect individuals.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78332309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Management for the Critically Ill Patient in the Emergency Department","authors":"Jennifer L. Stahl, J. O'Donnell","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i4.3720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i4.3720","url":null,"abstract":"Airway management is both a fundamental skill and resuscitative treatment that has taken a prominent role in emergency medicine. In the past few decades there have been many advancements in airway management particularly in critically ill patients. Technology has been developed and adapted to provide improved visualization for endotracheal intubation as well as supportive strategies for oxygenation and optimization of medications. In this review we will discuss the current practices and literature in airway management of critically ill patients including medication optimization and airway visualization techniques for first pass success.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74988586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a Hospital-Based Return to Work intervention for Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Elke Smeers, H. Désiron, A. Rijk, E. Hoof, J. Mebis, L. Godderis","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i1.3448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i1.3448","url":null,"abstract":"Background: International research indicates that patients’ needs for return-to-work (RTW) support should be addressed and integrated within the curative healthcare process and as early as possible in the treatment process. Using intervention mapping, a hospital based RTW intervention, named BRIDGE (Bridging health care and workspace), was developed with an emphasis on bridging the gap between healthcare and the workplace. The aims of this evaluation were (a) to determine whether BRIDGE contributes to restoring participation and increasing quality of life for BC patients during their RTW process; and (b) to identify the needs and experiences of patients and healthcare professionals during this transmural intervention process. This paper describes the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the intervention. Method: The mixed-method design of this study assessed quantitative outcome measures on patient level (perceived Quality of life), number of days on sick leave, relapse and experience with RTW support; and on healthcare worker level (days of duration of the RTW guided process, perception of satisfaction with RTW support and time spent by the occupational therapist and the multidisciplinary team). Semi structured interviews were used to evaluate qualitative measures on patient level, focus-group discussion was used to collect healthcare providers’ perceptions. Results: Of all eligible patients (n =179), 79 accepted to participate. Randomisation attributed 43 participants to the intervention group (IG) and 36 to the control group (CG). The outcomes showed that patients felt respected and empowered in their choices and actions regarding their professional career and that health care providers perceive the intervention as valuable support for their patients. Conclusions: The BRIDGE intervention is highly appreciated both by HCPs and BC patients. Improvements can be made by elaborating the thoughtful follow-up which enables the BCM to stay in touch, to enable indication of the right moment for each patient to engage in the RTW process. It also would reinforce insights for the BCM to provide the type of service that fits patients’ and all other stakeholders’ needs. On the other hand, HCPs are not comfortable with the content as well as the potential impact. More emphasis on the thoughtful follow-up is needed to motivate HCPs to align with the idea of the BRIDGE intervention.","PeriodicalId":94137,"journal":{"name":"Medical research archives","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75230867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}