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[Predictive markers in gynaecological, prostate, and breast cancers]. [妇科癌症、前列腺癌和乳腺癌的预测指标]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-11-22
András Rókusz, Zsombor Melegh, Ildikó Vereczkey, Eszter Papp, Lilla Madaras, Erika Tóth
{"title":"[Predictive markers in gynaecological, prostate, and breast cancers].","authors":"András Rókusz, Zsombor Melegh, Ildikó Vereczkey, Eszter Papp, Lilla Madaras, Erika Tóth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implementation of targeted therapies in oncology has brought significant improvement in the treatment of many solid tumours. At the same time, pathological and molecular pathological diagnostics became more important. Today, there are hardly any solid tumours that do not require predictive biomarker testing. In recent years, a number of new targeted therapies have emerged for gynaecological tumours, prostate and breast cancer. In this article, we summarise the molecular pathology tests required in these tumours based on current clinical and pathological guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives in RASopathies]. [RAS病的诊断和治疗前景]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-11-19
Barnabás Péter Botos, Júlia Erhardt, Sámuel Jenei, Kamilla Luca Li, Dávid Sándor Kovács, Bálint Egyed, Jusztina Nikolett Beniczky, Dániel Erdélyi, Judit Müller, Edit Brückner, Monika Csóka, Andrea Szabó, László Környei, Rita Bertalan, Gábor Kovács, Csaba Vilmányi, Miklós Garami, Csaba Bödör, Ferenc Árpád Kovács
{"title":"[Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives in RASopathies].","authors":"Barnabás Péter Botos, Júlia Erhardt, Sámuel Jenei, Kamilla Luca Li, Dávid Sándor Kovács, Bálint Egyed, Jusztina Nikolett Beniczky, Dániel Erdélyi, Judit Müller, Edit Brückner, Monika Csóka, Andrea Szabó, László Környei, Rita Bertalan, Gábor Kovács, Csaba Vilmányi, Miklós Garami, Csaba Bödör, Ferenc Árpád Kovács","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RASopathies are congenital diseases that manifest in childhood with symptoms and potential complications, typically associated with an elevated tumour predisposition risk. The heterogeneous symptoms involve mostly central nervous, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal systems and skin, and modified growth pattern. From molecular perspective, the function of a key protein involved in Ras signalling is impaired, leading to disrupted regulation of cell growth and division. It is crucial to uncover genetic history, analyse tumour and cardiac involvement pattern along four generation pedigree and depict minor anomaly pattern. Upon clinical suspicion a stepwise approach to molecular testing is recommended to confirm or rule out the specific RASopathy. Post-test genetic counselling should address potential complications, developmental and follow-up strategies in line with current guidelines. Cascade pedigree segregation analysis according to the inheritance pattern should be offered to family planning parents and potentially affected family members. In case of certain specific organ involvement or complications, targeted therapeutics are available, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The role of clonal hematopoiesis in the molecular diagnostics of solid tumors]. [克隆造血在实体瘤分子诊断中的作用]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-11-25
Zoltán Őrfi, Attila Kállai, Dóra Csabán, Nóra Meggyesi, Mariann Nagy-Schwendtner, József Harasztdombi, Béla Kajtár, Andrea Ceglédi, Árpád Bátai, Attila Tordai, Péter Reményi, Gábor Mikala, Zoltán Ungvári, Hajnalka Andrikovics
{"title":"[The role of clonal hematopoiesis in the molecular diagnostics of solid tumors].","authors":"Zoltán Őrfi, Attila Kállai, Dóra Csabán, Nóra Meggyesi, Mariann Nagy-Schwendtner, József Harasztdombi, Béla Kajtár, Andrea Ceglédi, Árpád Bátai, Attila Tordai, Péter Reményi, Gábor Mikala, Zoltán Ungvári, Hajnalka Andrikovics","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents the latest molecular genetic diagnostic and clinical aspects related to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). CHIP belongs to the continuously expanding group of pre-cancerous conditions, increasingly recognized in routine patient care due to the development of molecular diagnostic tools and the increase in life expectancy. The incidence of CHIP mutations increases with age (1-2% in individuals aged 50 years, 15-45% in those aged 80 years). According to international studies, 5-8% of examinations performed on solid tumors may contain erroneous results due to the presence of leukocytes. This rate increases to 10-15% in case of liquid biopsy samples. To avoid misleading diagnostic results, it is recommended to perform comparative analysis of samples from different tissue origins, blood/tumor sample pairs. The authors illustrate CHIP-related alterations affecting targeted therapies for solid tumors (e.g. KRAS, ATM, IDH1, TP53). The impact of CHIP on the detection of germline genetic alterations is also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The clinical potential of measurable residual disease in hematological malignancies]. [血液恶性肿瘤中可测量残留疾病的临床潜力]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-10-11
Tamás László, Anna Lili Kenéz, Gabriella Szepesi, Marcell Matúz, Gábor Barna, Csaba Bödör
{"title":"[The clinical potential of measurable residual disease in hematological malignancies].","authors":"Tamás László, Anna Lili Kenéz, Gabriella Szepesi, Marcell Matúz, Gábor Barna, Csaba Bödör","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there have been remarkable improvements in the treatment of hematological malignancies with the introduction of novel therapeutic modalities. The advent of these therapies has made it feasible to significantly and permanently decrease (possibly eradicate) tumor cells in the body. Evaluating the effectiveness of these treatments required the development of a new diagnostic method. Currently, the most appropriate approach for assessing the objective response is through the measurement of \"measurable residual disease\" (MRD). MRD refers to the presence of malignant cells in a patient's body after receiving treatment, even in the absence of apparent signs or symptoms. Several techniques can be employed to detect MRD, including multiparametric flow cytometry, RQ-PCR as well as more recent approaches including digital PCR or next generation sequencing. This review offers an in-depth overview of the different techniques used to estimate measurable residual disease and their current applications in hematological malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The role of cytogenetic tests in the diagnosis of malignant hematologic diseases]. [细胞遗传学检测在恶性血液病诊断中的作用]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-11-06
Anikó Ujfalusi
{"title":"[The role of cytogenetic tests in the diagnosis of malignant hematologic diseases].","authors":"Anikó Ujfalusi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In malignant hematological diseases, clonal genetic alterations, such as chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations, are responsible for the uncontrolled division of abnormal hemopoietic cells. The detection of clonal variants has not only diagnostic, but also prognostic and therapeutic significance. They enable risk-based differentiated treatment of patients and the use of targeted (genotype-specific) therapies. Chromosomal abnormalities can be identified with cytogenomic testing (karyotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization - FISH, microarray). In chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic neoplasia and acute leukemias, chromosome analysis is a mandatory test at the time of diagnosis. In some lymphoid malignancies (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma), instead of karyotyping, submicroscopic abnormalities and translocations are detected by FISH method. Despite the rapid spread of high-sensitivity new-generation sequencing techniques, cytogenetic studies are still essential in the routine diagnosis of malignant hematological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Diagnostic challenges of pediatric gliomas; the role of molecular profiling in everyday diagnostics]. [小儿胶质瘤的诊断挑战；分子图谱分析在日常诊断中的作用]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-10-17
Livia Vida, László Kereskai, Kitti Laura Kovács, Béla Kajtár
{"title":"[Diagnostic challenges of pediatric gliomas; the role of molecular profiling in everyday diagnostics].","authors":"Livia Vida, László Kereskai, Kitti Laura Kovács, Béla Kajtár","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic challenges and molecular aspects of pediatric gliomas, among the most common brain tumors in children, focusing on improving early detection and personalized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive review of recent literature, examining current diagnostic techniques, including imaging and histopathological analysis, alongside molecular profiling methods such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and methylation profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings highlight significant diagnostic challenges due to the heterogeneity of pediatric gliomas. Molecular profiling has proven essential in identifying key genetic alterations, such as those in the H3F3A and MAPK pathway genes, offering insights into tumor behavior and therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early and accurate diagnosis of pediatric gliomas is hampered by their molecular diversity. Integrating molecular diagnostics with traditional methods is crucial for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and guiding personalized treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Advances in immunotherapy of colorectal cancer]. [结直肠癌免疫疗法的进展]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-12-10 Epub Date: 2024-06-28
Zsuzsanna Németh, Gábor Rubovszky
{"title":"[Advances in immunotherapy of colorectal cancer].","authors":"Zsuzsanna Németh, Gábor Rubovszky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer involves neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), including induction or consolidation chemotherapy. Introduction of immunotherapy has brought success in several solid tumors and hematological diseases. In colorectal tumors, it was only introduced later. A general predictive biomarker is the deficient mismach repair (dMMR) status and consequent microsatellite instability (MSI-H). In these tumors, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is the first-choice therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. ICIs have been used in earlier, non-metastatic stages in several studies, with breakthrough results in the microsatellite-unstable patient group and recently in combination with neoadjuvant CRT in rectal tumor patients with pMMR/MSI-L status. In our report we focused on the recent immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of metastatic and locally advanced colorectal cancer, as a monotherapy, or combined with chemo- or radiotherapy. We summarize the studies with the most promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 4","pages":"375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Uro-oncological robotic procedures performed in our department]. [本部门开展的泌尿肿瘤机器人手术]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Epub Date: 2024-07-26
Boldizsár Vokó, Tamás Mayer, Ákos Szegedi, Péter Tenke
{"title":"[Uro-oncological robotic procedures performed in our department].","authors":"Boldizsár Vokó, Tamás Mayer, Ákos Szegedi, Péter Tenke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective was to present the perioperative and oncological results of robot-assisted surgery performed in our department. In our publication, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 658 robot-assisted procedures performed between 01/02/2022 and 31/03/2024. The average operative time for radical prostatectomy with bilateral lymph node block dissection was 229 minutes, mean blood loss was 305 ml. Without lymphadenectomy, mean blood loss was 233 ml, operative time was 185 minutes. Biochemical relapse- free rate was 81.6% one year after the procedures. 165 patients underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, and 48 patients underwent radical nephrectomy. We performed the first robot-assisted cystectomy with intracorporeal \"neobladder\" technique in Hungary. In terms of urinary diversion, we performed orthotopic bladder formation in 10 cases, Bricker bladder formation in 20 cases, and uretherocutaneostomia in 4 cases. We also performed the first robot- assisted retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the country. As a conclusion, using robot-assisted technology, the full spectrum of radical uro-oncological surgical procedures can be safely performed in a minimally invasive manner. Our experience and results are encouraging so far, validating the increasing domestic distribution of robotic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 3","pages":"263-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Trends of minimally invasive surgical techniques in endometrial carcinoma at the National Institute of Oncology (2016-2024)]. [国家肿瘤研究所子宫内膜癌微创手术技术发展趋势（2016-2024 年）]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Epub Date: 2024-08-01
Judit Kerepesi, Júlia Kőrösi, Bahrehmand Kiarash, Zoltán Novák
{"title":"[Trends of minimally invasive surgical techniques in endometrial carcinoma at the National Institute of Oncology (2016-2024)].","authors":"Judit Kerepesi, Júlia Kőrösi, Bahrehmand Kiarash, Zoltán Novák","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to analyze the trends and clinical outcomes of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma at the National Institute of Oncology, Department of Gynecology, from 2016 to 2023. This retrospective study included patients with endometrial carcinoma stages I-IV who underwent primary surgical treatment between 2016 and 2023. The techniques analyzed were total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), robotic- assisted hysterectomy (RAH), and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). A total of 1127 patients were included. The number of minimally invasive surgeries increased significantly: in 2016, there were 69 laparotomies and 1 TLH, while in 2023, there were 57 laparotomies, 19 TLHs and 123 robotic-assisted hysterectomies. As a conclusion, the use of minimally invasive techniques significantly increased in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma. The entire team, including anesthesiologists, gained experience in managing morbidly obese patients, enabling safe minimally invasive surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 3","pages":"239-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Endometrial cancer: our experience with roboticassisted technique]. [子宫内膜癌：我们使用机器人辅助技术的经验]。
Magyar onkologia Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Epub Date: 2024-07-27
Balázs Lintner
{"title":"[Endometrial cancer: our experience with roboticassisted technique].","authors":"Balázs Lintner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometrial carcinoma is the most common type of gynaecological cancer. Its primary incidence is highest around the age of 60. The majority of cases are detected at an early stage and therefore have a good prognosis. The majority of patients suffer from obesity, which makes primary surgical treatment difficult. Minimally invasive surgery, as recommended by international protocols, is the first choice for appropriate surgical treatment and significantly reduces the incidence of complications for patients. Robotic techniques are particularly important in the care of patients with often abnormal obesity. In this article, we summarise our knowledge of endometrial carcinoma and our experience with da Vinci robot-assisted surgery, which started almost 2 years ago at Semmelweis University.</p>","PeriodicalId":94127,"journal":{"name":"Magyar onkologia","volume":"68 3","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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