Journal of public health (Oxford, England)最新文献_第9页

Incidence and severity of community acquired pneumonias in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行前后儿童社区获得性肺炎的发病率和严重程度。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae292

Maria G Koliou, Athina Aristidou, Stella Mazeri, Georgios Nikolopoulos, Maria Argyrou, Christos Haralambous, Avraam Elia, Panayiotis Yiallouros

{"title":"Incidence and severity of community acquired pneumonias in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Maria G Koliou, Athina Aristidou, Stella Mazeri, Georgios Nikolopoulos, Maria Argyrou, Christos Haralambous, Avraam Elia, Panayiotis Yiallouros","doi":"10.1093/pubmed/fdae292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the first year of the covid-19 pandemic the adoption of non-pharmacological interventions (NPI), resulted in a significant fall in the incidence of respiratory tract infections. However, after the relaxation of these restrictions some of these infections have returned. This study evaluates the incidence and severity of community acquired pneumonias (CAPs) in children before and after the onset of pandemic.Methods: Characteristics of CAPs admitted to Archbishop Makarios Hospital, between March 2016 and February 2023 were reviewed. Comparison was made between the first, second and third pandemic year, and the four pre-pandemic years.Results: The mean annual number of admissions in the pre-pandemic years was 32 and dropped to 11 during the first pandemic year. However, admissions increased again in the second year of the pandemic to 41 (increase by 28%), and this increase was sustained into the third year. The proportion of complicated pneumonias, approximately doubled, from 20% in the pre-pandemic years to 35% and 33% in the second and third pandemic year, respectively.Conclusions: During the first year the use of NPIs appeared to have decreased the incidence of pneumonias. However, during the second and third pandemic years, an increase in the numbers and severity of pneumonias was noted.","PeriodicalId":94107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative risk assessment modeling of cardiovascular and all-cause burden attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity: evidence from Argentina. 可归因于久坐和缺乏运动的心血管和全因负担的比较风险评估模型：来自阿根廷的证据。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae291

Christian García-Witulski

{"title":"Comparative risk assessment modeling of cardiovascular and all-cause burden attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity: evidence from Argentina.","authors":"Christian García-Witulski","doi":"10.1093/pubmed/fdae291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae291","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there is evidence that sitting time (ST) and insufficient physical activity (PA) are associated with premature mortality, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality (ACM) attributable to the combined effects of ST and PA in counterfactual scenarios is limited.Methods: Potential impact fractions (PIFs) were used to calculate premature deaths (PDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Cause-eliminated life tables were utilized to estimate health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) gains. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for uncertainty analysis.Results: The theoretical minimum risk exposure level (ST < 4 $mathrm{h} cdot{mathrm{d}}^{-1}$, PA > 65 $mathrm{min} cdot{mathrm{d}}^{-1}$) could prevent 16.7% of CVD deaths and 12.3% of all-cause deaths annually. This would save 669 to 2,630 DALYs per 100,000 and increase healthy life years by 0.57 to 2.94. Increasing PA to > 65 $mathrm{min} cdot{mathrm{d}}^{-1}$ while maintaining ST could yield gains in HALE from 0.49 (CVD) to 2.60 (ACM) years. Reducing ST to < 4 $mathrm{h}cdot{mathrm{d}}^{-1}$ while keeping PA constant could lead to gains in HALE from 0.07 (CVD) to 0.34 (ACM) years. A 50% reduction in suboptimal ST (≥ 4 $mathrm{h}cdot{mathrm{d}}^{-1}$) doubled HALE gains, ranging from 0.11 to 0.63 years.Conclusions: Public health decision-makers should prioritize vulnerable populations, including older adults and individuals with inadequate PA levels.","PeriodicalId":94107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Free school lunches: solution or catalyst for childhood obesity? 学校免费午餐：解决儿童肥胖问题的办法还是催化剂？

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae296

Yogi Yunefri, Ledya Oktavia Liza, Rizki Novendra, Ramanda Rizky

引用次数: 0

Empowering survivors: a dual approach to combating intimate partner violence and enhancing reproductive health in Northeast India. 增强幸存者的能力：印度东北部打击亲密伴侣暴力和加强生殖健康的双重方法。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae295

Jose Eric M Lacsa

引用次数: 0

Is it appropriate for chief medical officers to act as representatives for public communication during a public health emergency? 在突发公共卫生事件中，由医务长担任公众沟通代表是否合适？

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae298

Hongnan Ye

引用次数: 0

Empowering vulnerable populations: the intersection of personal assistance services and telehealth in the National Health Screening Program. 增强弱势群体的能力：全国健康筛查计划中个人援助服务与远程保健的交叉。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae294

Akhmad Rizkhi Ridhani, Jarkawi Jarkawi, Rudi Haryadi, Angga Taufan Dayu, Nabil Nabil

引用次数: 0

On the edge of the social media landscape: associations with adolescent substance use and moderation by parental rules. 社交媒体的边缘：与青少年药物使用的关联以及父母规则的调节。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae290

Hanan Bozhar, Susanne R de Rooij, Anja Lok, Tanja Vrijkotte, Helle Larsen

{"title":"On the edge of the social media landscape: associations with adolescent substance use and moderation by parental rules.","authors":"Hanan Bozhar, Susanne R de Rooij, Anja Lok, Tanja Vrijkotte, Helle Larsen","doi":"10.1093/pubmed/fdae290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent problematic social media use (PSMU) has been increasing. Digital engagement has been associated with substance use, but little is known about the potential protective role of parents. We investigated whether screen and substance-related parental rules moderated the associations between (problematic) SMU and intake of tobacco, alcohol, hashish/marijuana, and laughing gas.Methods: We used data from the Amsterdam Born Children and Development study (N = 1787; Mage = 15.86 years; SD = 0.36). Both frequent and problematic SMU in relation to tobacco, alcohol, hashish/marijuana, and laughing gas intake levels; and moderation by perceived parental rules (screen/substances), was tested with ordinal logistic regression models.Results: PSMU was associated with higher chances of higher substance use levels. Hashish/marijuana use and heavy drinking were less prevalent in adolescents reporting the presence of parental rules on alcohol/drugs, compared to adolescents reporting no rules. Although parental rules on alcohol/drugs, but not screen time, moderated the relationship between PSMU and both hashish/marijuana use and heavy drinking, the moderation effect was modest, especially in mitigating substance use at higher PSMU-scores.Conclusion: PSMU was positively associated with a wide range of substance use behaviours. The potential significant role of parental rules (alcohol/drugs) mitigating these associations are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":94107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging the gap: enhancing early detection and support for exploited adults with cognitive impairments. 缩小差距：加强对有认知障碍的受剥削成年人的早期发现和支持。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae293

Akhmad Rizkhi Ridhani, Jarkawi Jarkawi, Rudi Haryadi, Nazar Hasby

引用次数: 0

Towards a holistic approach to migration. 采用综合方法解决移民问题。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae289

Fides A Del Castillo

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a complex intervention: the Latch On randomized controlled trial of multicomponent breastfeeding support for women with a raised body mass index. 复杂干预措施的评估：针对体重指数升高妇女的多成分母乳喂养支持的 Latch On 随机对照试验。

Journal of public health (Oxford, England) Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae282

Catherine McNestry, Anna Hobbins, Niamh Donnellan, Paddy Gillespie, Fionnuala M McAuliffe, Sharleen L O'Reilly

{"title":"Evaluation of a complex intervention: the Latch On randomized controlled trial of multicomponent breastfeeding support for women with a raised body mass index.","authors":"Catherine McNestry, Anna Hobbins, Niamh Donnellan, Paddy Gillespie, Fionnuala M McAuliffe, Sharleen L O'Reilly","doi":"10.1093/pubmed/fdae282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Latch On's objective was to achieve improved breastfeeding rates in women with raised body mass indices using a multicomponent breastfeeding support intervention.Methods: A hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial with mixed-methods process and health economics analyses were conducted. Data collection included stakeholder questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, fidelity data, participant and health system costs.Results: The intervention was delivered with fidelity but the high breastfeeding rates at 3 months were not different between intervention and usual care. Participants receiving the minimum intervention dose were more likely to initiate breastfeeding (P = 0.045) and be breastfeeding at hospital discharge (P = 0.01) compared with participants below the threshold. Participant exit interview themes highlighted the importance of improving breastfeeding support to women, the effect of COVID-19 on the breastfeeding experience, and found that the intervention improved the experience of establishing breastfeeding. The intervention cost €157 per participant, with no other cost difference between groups. Process analysis found that follow-up breastfeeding services continued in half of sites after study completion.Conclusions: This low-cost intervention resulted in a more enjoyable breastfeeding experience for participants and changed practice in some study sites. The intervention dose received may impact effectiveness, but further research is needed to provide definitive evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":94107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0