Decoding the discourse: a closer look at high-risk behaviors among Iranian adolescents.

Background: This study explores the dominant discourses surrounding policies related to high-risk sexual behaviors, drug use, and alcohol abuse among Iranian adolescents, as well as the prevailing discourse among the adolescents themselves who engage in these behaviors.

Methods: Using a qualitative approach, we conducted interviews with 36 Iranian adolescents exhibiting high-risk behaviors and analyzed high-level documents on adolescent health from 1979 to 2023.

Results: The dominant discourse in policy documents is rooted in religious principles, emphasizing that social structures should align with the ultimate goal of human life, which is nearness to God. In contrast, the dominant discourse among adolescents' centers on material desires and personal pleasure, valuing social structures that promote joy and individualism.

Discussion: This study reveals a significant discourse gap between policymakers and adolescents, which could undermine the effectiveness of current policies and interventions. Policymakers in Iran and other ideologically driven countries should recognize this gap and take steps to bridge it. By incorporating the perspectives of adolescents and tailoring policies to align more closely with their values, there is a greater likelihood of enhancing the effectiveness of these initiatives.