Journal of neural engineering最新文献

{"title":"Motor activity in gamma and high gamma bands recorded with a Stentrode from the human motor cortex in two people with ALS.","authors":"Kriti Kacker, Nikole Chetty, Ariel K Feldman, James Bennett, Peter E Yoo, Adam Fry, David Lacomis, Noam Y Harel, Raul G Nogueira, Shahram Majidi, Nicholas L Opie, Jennifer L Collinger, Thomas J Oxley, David F Putrino, Douglas J Weber","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adbd78","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1741-2552/adbd78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>This study examined the strength and stability of motor signals in low gamma and high gamma bands of vascular electrocorticograms (vECoG) recorded with endovascular stent-electrode arrays (Stentrodes) implanted in the superior sagittal sinus of two participants with severe paralysis due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.<i>Approach.</i>vECoG signals were recorded from two participants in the COMMAND trial, an Early Feasibility Study of the Stentrode brain-computer interface (BCI) (NCT05035823). The participants performed attempted movements of their ankles or hands. The signals were band-pass filtered to isolate low gamma (30-70 Hz) and high gamma (70-200 Hz) components. The strength of vECoG motor activity was measured as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the percentage change in signal amplitude between the rest and attempted movement epochs, which we termed depth of modulation (DoM). We trained and tested classifiers to evaluate the accuracy and stability of detecting motor intent.<i>Main results.</i>Both low gamma and high gamma were modulated during attempted movements. For Participant 1, the average DoM across channels and sessions was 125.41 ± 17.53% for low gamma and 54.23 ± 4.52% for high gamma, with corresponding SNR values of 6.75 ± 0.37 dB and 3.69 ± 0.28 dB. For Participant 2, the average DoM was 22.77 ± 4.09% for low gamma and 22.53 ± 2.04% for high gamma, with corresponding SNR values of 1.72 ± 0.25 dB and 1.73 ± 0.13 dB. vECoG amplitudes remained significantly different between rest and move periods over the 3 month testing period, with >90% accuracy in discriminating attempted movement from rest epochs for both participants. For Participant 1, the average DoM was strongest during attempted movements of both ankles, while for Participant 2, the DoM was greatest for attempted movement of the right hand. The overall classification accuracy was 91.43% for Participant 1 and 70.37% for Participant 2 in offline decoding of multiple attempted movements and rest conditions.<i>Significance.</i>By eliminating the need for open brain surgery, the Stentrode offers a promising BCI alternative, potentially enhancing access to BCIs for individuals with severe motor impairments. This study provides preliminary evidence that the Stentrode can detect discriminable signals indicating motor intent, with motor signal modulation observed over the 3 month testing period reported here.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency dependence of cortical somatosensory evoked response to peripheral nerve stimulation with controlled afferent excitation.","authors":"Disha Gupta, Jodi Brangaccio, Helia Mojtabavi, Jonathan S Carp, Jonathan R Wolpaw, N Jeremy Hill","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc204","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>H-reflex targeted neuroplasticity (HrTNP) protocols comprise a promising rehabilitation approach to improve motor function after brain or spinal injury. In this operant conditioning protocol, concurrent measurement of cortical responses, such as somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), would be useful for examining supraspinal involvement and neuroplasticity mechanisms. To date, this potential has not been exploited. However, the stimulation parameters used in the HrTNP protocol deviate from the classically recommended settings for SEP measurements. Most notably, it demands a much longer pulse width, higher stimulation intensity, and lower frequency than traditional SEP settings. In this paper, we report SEP measurements performed within the HrTNP stimulation parameter constraints, specifically characterizing the effect of stimulation frequency.<i>Approach.</i>SEPs were acquired for tibial nerve stimulation at three stimulation frequencies (0.2, 1, and 2 Hz) in 13 subjects while maintaining the afferent volley by controlling the direct soleus muscle response via the Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System. The amplitude and latency of the short-latency P40 and mid-latency N70 SEP components were measured at the central scalp region using non-invasive electroencephalography.<i>Main</i><i>results.</i>As frequency rose from 0.2 Hz, P40 amplitude and latency did not change. In contrast, N70 amplitude decreased significantly (39% decrease at 1 Hz, and 57% decrease at 2 Hz), presumably due to gating effects. N70 latency was not affected. Across all three frequencies, N70 amplitude increased significantly with stimulation intensity and correlated with M-wave amplitude.<i>Significance</i>. We assess SEPs within an HrTNP protocol, focusing on P40 and N70, elicited with controlled afferent excitation at three stimulation frequencies. HrTNP conditioning protocols show promise for enhancing motor function after brain and spinal injuries. While SEPs offer valuable insights into supraspinal involvement, the stimulation parameters in HrTNP often differ from standard SEP measurement protocols. We address these deviations and provide recommendations for effectively integrating SEP assessments into HrTNP studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid-based transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation: probing neuromodulatory effect in spinal flexion reflex circuits.","authors":"Hyungtaek Kim, Subaryani Soedirdjo, Yu-Chen Chung, Kathryn Gray, Sofia Rita Cardoso Fernandes, Yasin Dhaher","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc6bd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/adc6bd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-invasive spinal stimulation has the potential to modulate spinal excitability. This study explored the modulatory capacity of sub-motor grid-based transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) applied to the lumbar spinal cord in neurologically intact participants. Our objective was to examine the effect of grid spinal stimulation on polysynaptic reflex pathways involving motoneurons and interneurons likely activated by Aβ/δ fiber-mediated cutaneous afferents. &#xD;&#xD;Approach. Stimulation was delivered using two grid electrode montages, generating a net electric field in transverse or diagonal directions. We administered tSCS with the center of the grid aligned with the T10-T11 spinous process. Participants were seated for the 20-minute stimulation duration. At 30 minutes after the cessation of spinal stimulation, we examined neuromodulatory effects on spinal circuit excitability in the tibialis anterior muscle by employing the classical flexion reflex paradigms. Additionally, we evaluated spinal motoneuron excitability using the H-reflex paradigm in the soleus muscle to explore the differential effects of tSCS on the polysynaptic versus monosynaptic reflex pathway and to test the spatial extent of the grid stimulation. &#xD;&#xD;Main results. Our findings indicated significant neuromodulatory effects on the flexion reflex, resulting in a net inhibitory effect, regardless of the grid electrode montages. Our data further indicated that the flexion reflex duration was significantly shortened only by the diagonal montage.&#xD; &#xD;Significance: Our results suggest that grid-based tSCS may specifically modulate spinal activities associated with polysynaptic flexion reflex pathways, with the potential for grid-specific targeted neuromodulation.&#xD;&#xD;&#xD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epileptic seizure detection using heart rate variability from ambulatory ECG: a pseudoprospective study.","authors":"Jieying Li, Ewan S Nurse, David B Grayden, Mark J Cook, Philippa J Karoly","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc33d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc33d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Seizure detection algorithms enable clinicians to accurately assess seizure burden for epilepsy diagnosis and long-term management. State-of-the-art algorithms rely on electroencephalography (EEG) data to identify electrographic seizures. Previous research that used non-EEG signals, such as electrocardiography (ECG) and wristband data, were collected in epilepsy monitoring units. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of ECG seizure detection in ambulatory settings.<i>Approach.</i>We developed a patient-independent, machine learning-based seizure detector using ambulatory long-term ECG monitoring data. The model was trained on long-term studies of 47 patients and evaluated pseudoprospectively using event detection on a hold-out test set of 18 patients.<i>Main results.</i>In the hold-out test set, the seizure detector performed better than chance for 14 out of 18 patients. The average sensitivity was 72% and the average specificity was 68% for the whole test cohort. Overall, across training and test sets, the performance was better for patients diagnosed with focal epilepsy and for patients who were identified as responders (had substantial heart rate changes during seizures).<i>Significance.</i>Key contributions of this study include the development of a patient-independent seizure detector using ambulatory data and the introduction of a pseudoprospective evaluation framework, which can benefit chronic ambulatory seizure monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced detection of envelope-following responses for objective fitting of cochlear-implant users.","authors":"Julian Matthias Schott, Robin Gransier, Marc Moonen, Jan Wouters","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc6be","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/adc6be","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Electrically evoked auditory steady-state responses (EASSRs) are potential neural responses for objectively determining stimulation parameters of cochlear implants (CIs). Unfortunately, they are difficult to detect in electroencephalography (EEG) recordings due to the electrical stimulation artifacts of the CI. This study investigates a novel stimulation paradigm hypothesized to improve artifact removal efficacy via system identification (SI), and therefore to improve response detection and clinical applicability.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>An amplitude-modulated (AM) CI stimulation pulse train with a step-wise increase in modulation frequency is created (referred to as SWEEP stimulation). Another stimulation is created by randomly shuffling modulation frequencies of the SWEEP stimulation (referred to as Shuffled- SWEEP stimulation). AM pulse trains with fixed modulation frequency (referred to as conventional AM stimulation), which elicit EASSRs, are also created for comparison. EEG data is collected from four CI users. A supra-threshold stimulation condition is used to investigate whether the SWEEP and Shuffled- SWEEP stimulation can elicit envelope-following responses (EFRs). A sub- threshold stimulation condition allows the collection of artifact-only EEG data, which is used to compare the SI accuracy on recordings from the SWEEP and the conventional AM stimulation.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>In all CI users, neural responses, following the SWEEP, Shuffled-SWEEP, and conventional AM stimulation are detected after artifact removal with SI. The validation with artifact-only EEG data shows higher F1 scores when comparing recordings with SWEEP stimulation (F1 = 0.9) to recordings with conventional AM stimulation (F1 = 0.82).</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Being able to accurately identify the response within one EEG recording enables the development of effective, online, objective fitting protocols. The increased neural response detection sensitivity with SWEEP stimulation reduces clinical recording time on average by a factor of 2.07. Detecting EFRs following complex stimulation paradigms offers a potential advancement in the systematic assessment of the temporal envelope processing in CI users.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular implant stimulation: pulse amplitude modulation versus combined pulse rate and amplitude modulation.","authors":"Stan C J van Boxel, Bernd L Vermorken, Benjamin Volpe, Nils Guinand, Angélica Perez-Fornos, Elke M J Devocht, Raymond van de Berg","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc33a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc33a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>. The vestibular implant is a potential treatment approach for bilateral vestibulopathy patients. To restore gaze stabilization, the implant should elicit vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) over a wide range of eye velocities. Different stimulation strategies to achieve this goal were previously described. Vestibular information can be encoded by modulating stimulation amplitude, rate, or a combination of both. In this study, combined rate and amplitude modulation was compared with amplitude modulation, to evaluate their potential for vestibular implant stimulation.<i>Approach</i>. Nine subjects with a vestibulo-cochlear implant participated in this study. Three stimulation strategies were tested. The combined rate and amplitude modulation setting (baseline rate 50%) was compared with amplitude modulation (baseline rate 50%, and baseline rate equal to the maximum rate). The resulting VOR was evaluated.<i>Main results</i>. Combining rate and amplitude modulation, or using amplitude modulation with a baseline equal to the maximum rate, both significantly increased peak eye velocities (PEVs). Misalignment increased with higher PEVs and higher pulse rate. No significant differences were found in PEVs and misalignment, between both stimulation strategies. Amplitude modulation with a baseline rate at 50%, demonstrated the lowest PEVs.<i>Significance</i>. Combining rate and amplitude modulation, or amplitude modulation with a baseline equal to the maximum rate, can both be considered for future vestibular implant fitting.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04918745.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing age-related proprioceptive changes through active and passive tasks: implications for stroke assessment.","authors":"Erick Carranza, Sreten Franovic, Amy Boos, Elvira Pirondini","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc6bc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/adc6bc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Voluntary control of motor actions requires precise regulation of proprioceptive and somatosensory functions. While aging is known to impair sensory processing, its effect on proprioception remains unclear. Previous studies report conflicting findings on whether passive proprioception (i.e., during externally driven movements) declines with age, and research on age-related changes in active proprioception (i.e., during voluntary movements) remains limited, particularly in the upper limb. Understanding these changes is critical for identifying and preventing impairments that may affect movement performance and mobility, particularly in neurological conditions such as stroke or Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We refined a robotic protocol to assess upper-limb active proprioception and validated its robustness and reliability over multiple sessions. Using this protocol, we compared the performance between young and elderly neurologically healthy adults during both active and passive proprioceptive tasks.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Elderly participants exhibited a significant decline in accuracy when sensing limb position in both active and passive proprioceptive tasks, whereas their precision remained unchanged. These findings indicate that aging primarily affects proprioceptive accuracy rather than variability in position sense.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate on age-related proprioceptive decline and highlight the importance of distinguishing between active and passive proprioception. Furthermore, our validated robotic protocol provides a reliable tool for assessing proprioception, with potential applications in studying neurological conditions in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fascicle-selective kilohertz-frequency neural conduction block with longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes.","authors":"Louis Regnacq, Anil K Thota, Arianna Ortega Sanabria, Laura McPherson, Sylvie Renaud, Olivier Romain, Yannick Bornat, James J Abbas, Ranu Jung, Florian Kölbl","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc62a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/adc62a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is used to treat a variety of disorders and conditions. While conventional biphasic pulse stimulation typically induces neural activity in fibres, kilohertz (kHz) continuous stimulation can block neural conduction, offering a promising alternative to drug-based therapies for alleviating abnormal neural activity. This study explores strategies to enhance the selectivity and control of high-frequency neural conduction block using intrafascicular electrodes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo experiments were conducted in a rodent model to assess the effects of kilohertz stimulation delivered via longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes on motor axons within the tibial and common peroneal fascicles of the sciatic nerve.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>We demonstrated that a progressive and selective block of neural conduction is achievable with longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes. We showed that the amount of neural conduction block can be tuned by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of kilohertz stimulation. Additionally, we achieved interfascicular selectivity with intrafascicular electrodes, with this selectivity being modulated by the kilohertz stimulation frequency. We also observed a small amount of onset response spillover, which could be minimized by increasing the blocking stimulus frequency. Muscle fatigue was quantified during kHz continuous stimulation and compared to control scenarios, revealing that the muscle was able to recover from fatigue during the block, confirming a true block of motor neurons.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our findings show that kilohertz stimulation using longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes can be precisely controlled to achieve selective conduction block. By leveraging existing knowledge from conventional stimulation techniques, this approach allows for the development of stimulation protocols that effectively block abnormal neural patterns with reduced side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NERVE-ML (neural engineering reproducibility and validity essentials for machine learning) checklist: ensuring machine learning advances neural engineering<sup />.","authors":"David E Carlson, Ricardo Chavarriaga, Yiling Liu, Fabien Lotte, Bao-Liang Lu","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adbfbd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1741-2552/adbfbd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective.</i>Machine learning's (MLs) ability to capture intricate patterns makes it vital in neural engineering research. With its increasing use, ensuring the validity and reproducibility of ML methods is critical. Unfortunately, this has not always been the case in practice, as there have been recent retractions across various scientific fields due to the misuse of ML methods and validation procedures. To address these concerns, we propose the first version of the neural engineering reproducibility and validity essentials for ML (NERVE-ML) checklist, a framework designed to promote the transparent, reproducible, and valid application of ML in neural engineering.<i>Approach.</i>We highlight some of the unique challenges of model validation in neural engineering, including the difficulties from limited subject numbers, repeated or non-independent samples, and high subject heterogeneity. Through detailed case studies, we demonstrate how different validation approaches can lead to divergent scientific conclusions, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate procedures guided by the NERVE-ML checklist. Effectively addressing these challenges and properly scoping scientific conclusions will ensure that ML contributes to, rather than hinders, progress in neural engineering.<i>Main results.</i>Our case studies demonstrate that improper validation approaches can result in flawed studies or overclaimed scientific conclusions, complicating the scientific discourse. The NERVE-ML checklist effectively addresses these concerns by providing guidelines to ensure that ML approaches in neural engineering are reproducible and lead to valid scientific conclusions.<i>Significance.</i>By effectively addressing these challenges and properly scoping scientific conclusions guided by the NERVE-ML checklist, we aim to help pave the way for a future where ML reliably enhances the quality and impact of neural engineering research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of schizophrenia based on RAnet-ET: Resnet based attention network for eye-tracking.","authors":"Ruochen Dang, Ying Wang, Feiyu Zhu, Xiaoyi Wang, Jingping Zhao, Ping Shao, Bing Lang, Yuqi Wang, Zhibin Pan, BingLiang Hu, Renrong Wu, Quan Wang","doi":"10.1088/1741-2552/adc5a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/adc5a5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a notable need of quantifiable and objective methods for the classification of schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit atypical eye movements compared with healthy individuals. To address this need, we have developed a classification model based on eye-tracking data to assist physicians in the intelligent auxiliary diagnosis of schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>This study employed three eye-tracking experiments-Picture-Free Viewing, Smooth Pursuit Tracking, and Fixation Stability-to collect eye-tracking data from patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The eye-tracking data of 292 participants (133 healthy controls and 159 patients with schizophrenia) were recorded. Utilizing eye-tracking data in picture-free viewing, we introduce a Resnet-based Attention Network for Eye-Tracking (RAnet-ET) integrated with the attention mechanism. RAnet-ET was trained by employing multiple loss functions to classify patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Furthermore, we proposed a classifier for handling multimodal features that combines specific features extracted from the well-trained RAnet-ET, 100 eye-tracking variables extracted from three eye-tracking experiments, and 19 MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery scores.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>The RAnet-ET achieved good performance in classifying schizophrenia, yielding an accuracy of 89.04%, a specificity of 90.56%, and an F1 score of 87.87%. The classification results based on multimodal features demonstrated improved performance, achieving 96.37% accuracy, 96.87% sensitivity, 95.87% specificity, and 96.37% F1 score.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>By integrating attention mechanisms, we designed RAnet-ET, which achieved good performance in classifying schizophrenia from free-viewing eye-tracking data. The synergistic combination of specific features extracted from the well-trained RAnet-ET, MCCB scores, and eye-tracking variables achieved exceptional classification performance, distinguishing individuals with schizophrenia from healthy controls. This study underscores the potential of our approach as a pivotal asset for the diagnosis of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neural engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}