International review of neurobiology最新文献_第9页

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in the modulation of hypnotic experience and hypnotizability. 非侵入性脑刺激（NIBS）在催眠体验和可催眠性调节中的作用。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.09.002

Rinaldo Livio Perri, Gloria Di Filippo

{"title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in the modulation of hypnotic experience and hypnotizability.","authors":"Rinaldo Livio Perri, Gloria Di Filippo","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), have emerged as valuable tools in neuroscience, clinical interventions, and hypnosis research. NIBS enables the modulation of neural activity to explore brain-behaviour relationships through causal approaches. TMS, relying on magnetic fields to induce cortical stimulation, has demonstrated its utility in enhancing hypnotic suggestibility, albeit with limitations such as imprecise targeting of stimulated neuronal populations and variability in individual responses. These limitations, including imprecise targeting and inter-individual variability in responses, are also common to tDCS, which applies weak electrical currents to influence cortical excitability, offer more practical adaptability, making it a promising alternative for applications in hypnosis. In hypnosis research, NIBS studies have primarily targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region implicated in executive processes and hypnotic phenomena. Findings from TMS and tDCS studies suggest a modulatory role of the DLPFC in hypnotizability, with inhibitory stimulation enhancing hypnotic depth and responsiveness for some individuals. However, methodological challenges highlight the need for further exploration. Additionally, both TMS and tDCS suffer from further issues such as the challenge of ensuring effective blinding, the presence of placebo effects (which may interfere with the genuineness of observed effects), and high inter-subject variation even within the same study population. Despite these challenges, NIBS suggests clinical potential in augmenting hypnotic responsiveness, which could enhance pain management, emotional regulation, and broaden the applicability of hypnotherapy to resistant individuals. Further, these advancements promise to deepen our understanding of the neurophysiological basis of hypnosis, opening avenues for personalized and targeted neuromodulation strategies.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"184 ","pages":"59-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreword. 前言。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(25)00073-X

Anne Katrin Schlag, David J Nutt, Michael T Lynskey

引用次数: 0

Potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in small doses: Is there a role for microdosing in psychiatry? 小剂量致幻剂的潜在治疗效果：微剂量在精神病学中有作用吗？

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.002

Iva Totomanova, Eline C H M Haijen, Petra P M Hurks, Johannes G Ramaekers, Kim P C Kuypers

{"title":"Potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in small doses: Is there a role for microdosing in psychiatry?","authors":"Iva Totomanova, Eline C H M Haijen, Petra P M Hurks, Johannes G Ramaekers, Kim P C Kuypers","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trials using full doses of psychedelics have provided preliminary evidence supporting their safety and efficacy in treating a variety of physical and psychological conditions. Anecdotal reports indicate that even very small amounts of these substances may provide therapeutic benefits, though robust clinical studies are still needed. This chapter reviews the current experimental studies in humans using psychedelics in small doses to better understand their therapeutic potential. Research in both neurotypical individuals (n = 18 studies) and patients (n = 3) suggests that small doses of LSD and psilocybin produce subtle, acute, effects on neural connectivity, brain electrophysiology, blood pressure, sleep duration, pain perception, temporal processing, and mood; and show reductions in symptoms of depression and obsessive-compulsive behavior in patient samples. The chapter also discusses the influence of extra-pharmacological factors, such as the baseline subjective state, expectations, and individual differences in drug metabolism, on treatment outcomes. Overall, controlled microdosing studies suggest the potential therapeutic applications of small psychedelic doses, warranting further exploration through large-scale trials in clinical populations.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"231-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychedelics for the treatment of end-of-life distress in patients with a life-threatening disease. 致幻剂用于治疗生命垂危疾病患者的临终痛苦。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.001

Stephan Tap, Tijmen Bostoen, Joost Breeksema, Robert Schoevers

{"title":"Psychedelics for the treatment of end-of-life distress in patients with a life-threatening disease.","authors":"Stephan Tap, Tijmen Bostoen, Joost Breeksema, Robert Schoevers","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with a life-threatening disease (LTD) sometimes suffer from end-of-life distress (EOLD) which refers to the physical, psychological, emotional, and spiritual suffering related to chronic illness and the possibility of death. Palliative care interventions seek to improve the quality of life of patients with EOLD and their significant others. Currently, a range of psychological and pharmacological palliative care interventions may be used to mitigate the various symptoms related to EOLD. However, the evidence for their efficacy is inconclusive with only short- to moderate effects. Another significant and relevant limitation in the context of LTDs is that palliative care interventions often require months to take effect. In the past decade, psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has been increasingly investigated for its therapeutic potential in addressing EOLD in various LTDs characterized by highly significant and sometimes sustained decreases in symptoms of depression and (death) anxiety along with other EOLD-related improvements (e.g., meaning, spiritual well-being, optimism, life satisfaction, and change attitudes towards LTDs). The current chapter will provide a detailed description of the concept of EOLD followed by estimated prevalence rates in a range of LTDs. Next, the chapter provides a brief overview of palliative interventions and their limitations. The chapter then introduces a description of PAT, its evidence-base, and why it seems to work in particular for patients with EOLD. The chapter is concluded with future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"357-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson's disease (PD). 肠道生态失调导致帕金森病（PD）神经化学物质产生减少。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004

Rahul Kumar, Rahul Kumar

{"title":"Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson's disease (PD).","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging research suggesting a critical link between intestinal dysbiosis and PD progression. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, such as alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, while focusing on the impact of gut dysbiosis on intestinal barrier function and its role in reduced neurochemical production. The clinical features of PD, including dopamine, serotonin, and GABA deficiencies, are examined, with a focus on how dysbiosis contributes to neurotransmitter depletion. Current treatments of PD, such as levodopa and dopamine agonists, are discussed alongside gut health therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Future therapeutic directions, including synbiotics, engineered microbes, phage therapy, and the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), are explored. The chapter also considers preventive strategies, such as lifestyle adjustments and early gut health monitoring using modern diagnostic tools and biosensors. Furthermore, a strong need for continued research into the gut-brain axis (GBA) to develop more effective, gut-targeted therapies for managing PD is discussed.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"25-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Special populations in myasthenia gravis: Early, late, and very late-onset MG. 重症肌无力的特殊人群：早期、晚期和极晚发性MG。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.032

Sarah Hoffmann

引用次数: 0

Myasthenia gravis in women. 女性重症肌无力。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.020

Laura O'Connor, Carolina Barnett-Tapia

引用次数: 0

Neuromuscular junction and the complement system. 神经肌肉连接处和补体系统。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.031

Saiju Jacob, James F Howard

{"title":"Neuromuscular junction and the complement system.","authors":"Saiju Jacob, James F Howard","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.031","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 90 % of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) patients have IgG1 or IgG3 antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Acetylcholine receptor antibodies induce neuromuscular transmission defect by various potential mechanisms including internalisation of AChR, receptor blockade and by activation of the classical complement pathway. Membrane attack complex (MAC) which is the final end product of complement activation leads to architectural destruction of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Several experimental models (EAMG) have shown evidence for complement in the pathogenesis of MG, with demonstration of prevention or reversal of the disease using complement inhibitory therapies. Various molecules that target the complement system have been developed to treat myasthenia gravis. Most of the currently studied molecules inhibit complement protein 5 (C5), which prevents the formation of MAC and subsequent NMJ destruction. The currently studied anti-complement therapies for MG include eculizumab, zilucoplan, ravulizumab, pozelimab, cemdisiran, gefurilimab, danicopan and few others in the pipeline. Many of these have also been shown to have long term benefit in different sub-groups of patients with MG. Given the risk of Gram-negative septicaemia (especially by meningococcus), patients would need vaccination prior to initiation of treatment and in some countries prophylactic antibiotics during treatment is recommended, although no major safety signatures have been noted in the studies so far. Future studies identifying specific biomarkers might help clinicians select the most appropriate patients who are more likely to respond to complement inhibitory therapies.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"182 ","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viral agents in neuromuscular pathology. 神经肌肉病理学中的病毒因子。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007

Abhay Kumar Singh, Yemgadda Goutham Sudhan, Ramakrisha Ramakrishna, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan

{"title":"Viral agents in neuromuscular pathology.","authors":"Abhay Kumar Singh, Yemgadda Goutham Sudhan, Ramakrisha Ramakrishna, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, viral infections have been increasingly identified as major players in neuromuscular pathologies. This chapter presents an overview of the evidence and future directions for virus-induced neuromuscular disorders. Information is integrated on the global burden of these diseases related to epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies was integrated. Responsible viruses include enteroviruses, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. It represents a broad spectrum of neuromuscular disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, viral myositis, and critical illness neuropathy/myopathy. The book chapter discusses different diagnostic approaches, therapy strategies, and rehabilitation methods, in addition to early intervention and preventive measures. This has led to new insights into novel therapies, unmet research needs, and future perspectives on viral neuromuscular disorders. This chapter demonstrates that supporting both clinical care and patient management with clinical research entails a profound understanding of the difficult interactions between the viruses concerned and the neuromuscular system.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"397-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: A comprehensive overview. 5 -羟色胺类致幻剂治疗抑郁症：综合综述。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.009

A M Wingert, C Agnorelli, J Peill, S Reed, D J Nutt, D Erritzoe

{"title":"Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: A comprehensive overview.","authors":"A M Wingert, C Agnorelli, J Peill, S Reed, D J Nutt, D Erritzoe","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Depressive disorders continue to pose a major clinical challenge worldwide, particularly given the high prevalence and increasing number of treatment-resistant cases. Over the past decade, advances in research have elucidated the antidepressant potential of psilocybin and other 5-HT₂A receptor agonists in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Phase I and II clinical trials have consistently demonstrated that even a single administration can yield rapid and sustained symptom reduction. These effects compare favourably with conventional pharmacotherapies such as SSRIs and ketamine. The distinctive pharmacological profile and robust safety data associated with serotonergic psychedelics make them particularly promising candidates, especially for patients who do not respond to standard treatments. Nonetheless, several challenges impede their integration into routine clinical practice, including the resource-intensive nature of psychedelic-assisted therapy, which demands specialized training and controlled settings. Despite those limitations, some countries including Australia, Switzerland or Canada are paving the way by allowing the use of psilocybin in TRD cases. This chapter reviews the antidepressant potential of psilocybin, DMT, ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT based on modern clinical trial data, comparing effect sizes of psychedelics to conventional treatments like SSRIs and ketamine, and provides a brief overview of their potential neurobiological mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"271-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0