T Jindanil, R C Fontenele, S L de-Azevedo-Vaz, P Lahoud, F S Neves, R Jacobs
{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based incisive canal visualization for preventing and detecting post-implant injury, using cone beam computed tomography.","authors":"T Jindanil, R C Fontenele, S L de-Azevedo-Vaz, P Lahoud, F S Neves, R Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to clinically validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based tool for automatic segmentation of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), enabling prevention and detection of iatrogenic implant-related nerve injuries. Patient records from University Hospitals Leuven were screened for CBCT related to implant surgery cases with nerve injuries. CBCT scans were imported into Virtual Patient Creator for canal segmentation and 3D model generation. Two oral radiologists compared the AI-segmented canals with respective CBCT images. Five observers then performed canal identification and injury detection (present/absent) and reported their confidence level on a five-point Likert scale. Ten patient cases were assessed (eight female, two male; age 49-81 years). The AI-based tool enabled clear visualization of bilateral MIC in both pre- and postoperative images, revealing implant-canal relationships consistent with recorded post-implant pain or neural disturbance. For preoperative assessment, the AI-based tool significantly improved incisive canal detection (by 25%; P = 0.025) and observer confidence (by 8%; P = 0.038). The AI-based tool proved to be clinically useful to enable bilateral MIC visualization on CBCT images. Through canal segmentation with integrated 3D modelling, preoperative canal detection and the experts' confidence level were significantly improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D de Gracia Hahn, G Gupta, S Mukhopadhyay, L Greaney
{"title":"Ameloblastic fibroma and BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry staining pattern: case report and review of a rare entity.","authors":"D de Gracia Hahn, G Gupta, S Mukhopadhyay, L Greaney","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare, benign, biphasic odontogenic tumour that typically presents in young patients and is treated conservatively with an excellent prognosis. An important differential is ameloblastoma, a more common odontogenic neoplasm that shares many of the clinical, radiological, and histological features, but requires more extensive surgery due to its potentially destructive nature. Both tumours demonstrate BRAF V600E mutations. While epithelial staining with BRAF V600E-specific immunohistochemistry is considered a surrogate marker for mutation and is supportive of the diagnosis of ameloblastoma, the staining pattern in ameloblastic fibroma has not been defined previously because of the rarity of the lesion. This report describes a case of ameloblastic fibroma in a 13-year-old, in which BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry showed cytoplasmic staining in both the stromal and epithelial components of the tumour. On review of the literature, this was interpreted to be concordant with the biphasic nature of the lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of skeletal discrepancies by machine learning based on three-dimensional facial scans.","authors":"B Mao, Y Tian, Y Xiao, J Li, Y Zhou, X Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to use machine learning (ML) to classify sagittal and vertical skeletal discrepancies in three-dimensional (3D) facial scans, as well as to evaluate shape variability. 3D facial scans from 435 pre-orthodontic patients were subjected to cephalometric analysis and 3D facial landmark identification. Three ML models were used for the discrimination of skeletal discrepancy: random forest, AdaBoost, and multi-layer perceptron. Each model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Principal component analysis was conducted to evaluate shape variability. The AUCs for Class II and III patients ranged from 0.91 to 0.95. Random forest achieved the highest accuracy for sagittal classification (88.5% for Class II, 95.5% for Class III). Multi-layer perceptron exhibited the best performance for vertical classification (accuracy of 78.8% for hypodivergent, 86.2% for hyperdivergent). Six principal components explained 94.0% of facial morphology variation. ML methods show promise for assisting in the discrimination of sagittal and vertical skeletal discrepancies based on 3D facial scans. 3D facial soft tissue features appear to be suitable for the discrimination of skeletal discrepancies in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V Ravelo, S Olate, G Bravo-Soto, C Zaror, M Mommaerts
{"title":"Systematic review of soft-to-hard tissue ratios in orthognathic surgery: 3D analysis-update of scientific evidence.","authors":"V Ravelo, S Olate, G Bravo-Soto, C Zaror, M Mommaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this research was to determine the soft-to-hard tissue ratio using three-dimensional (3D) analysis in different types of orthognathic surgery and to update the most recent scientific evidence provided in 2017. A systematic search covering the period January 2017-December 2023 was performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the method proposed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project. Of 897 articles identified in the database search, 10 were included in this review. These articles included analyses of points or anatomical areas of the face, and all of them used image superimposition for the analysis. The clinical analyses of the perinasal region, upper lip, and chin region produced ambiguous results. The bias in methods and variables, such as the types of surgery, patient variables, and differences in diagnosis may limit the use of the information obtained. There are no data that can be applied to daily clinical practice; the limited evidence that was previously published in 2017 remains.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V L van Roey, A Rezaee, S C M Heemskerk, I Apon, M M Pleumeekers, I M J Mathijssen, S L Versnel
{"title":"Differences in the surgical and financial burden of four protocols for unilateral cleft lip and palate.","authors":"V L van Roey, A Rezaee, S C M Heemskerk, I Apon, M M Pleumeekers, I M J Mathijssen, S L Versnel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) involves up to four primary surgeries to restore oral function. This study was performed to evaluate the surgical burden and direct healthcare costs of four UCLP surgical protocols at Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, to guide optimal protocol selection. This retrospective cohort study included UCLP patients treated during 1990-2024. The patients were categorized into groups based on the hard palate closure timing: Oslo protocol (OP), one-stage palatoplasty protocol (OSPP), early delayed hard palate closure protocol (E-DHPCP), and late delayed hard palate closure protocol (L-DHPCP). Primary surgeries were analysed for operative duration (OD) and length of hospital stay (LOS), and their associated costs were estimated. Overall, 331 patients were included. Mean cumulative OD was significantly shorter for L-DHPCP and OSPP when compared to E-DHPCP and OP, while mean cumulative LOS was significantly longer for E-DHPCP compared to the other protocols. Mean cumulative OD was 408, 465, 425, and 507 min, and mean cumulative LOS was 3.95, 4.84, 4.07, and 4.11 nights for L-DHPCP, E-DHPCP, OSPP, and OP, respectively. Mean total costs were estimated at €17,858, €20,791, €18,545, and €21,158, respectively. L-DHPCP and OSPP demonstrated the lowest surgical burden and direct healthcare costs, although differences were minor. Therefore, the choice between these four surgical protocols should continue to be based on clinical outcomes, rather than differences in burden and costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of adjunctive injectable platelet-rich fibrin as a first-line treatment in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"T Tepecik, E Gedik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was performed to compare the outcomes of adjunctive injections (injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF), hyaluronic acid (HA)) and arthrocentesis only (AO) in the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. The study included 127 female patients (mean age 52.3 years). None of them had undergone prior occlusal splint therapy. The pain reduction (visual analogue scale) at 12 months post-treatment was the primary outcome variable, while maximum inter-incisal opening (MIO) at all follow-ups and pain at 1 and 6 months of follow-up were secondary outcome variables. All treatment groups showed significant improvements in pain and MIO at all postoperative follow-ups compared to baseline (P < 0.001). iPRF and HA resulted in significantly better pain relief than AO at all follow-ups (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in pain alleviation between iPRF and HA. No differences were observed among the three groups in jaw mobility (MIO) at any follow-up. Since iPRF did not provide additional benefits over HA, the two treatments may be considered as alternatives, depending on cost considerations. Of note, the treatment objectives were achieved even without previous occlusal splint use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M B Holte, N van Nistelrooij, S Vinayahalingam, S Bergé, T Xi, E M Pinholt
{"title":"Validation of a fully automatic assessment of volume changes in the mandibular condyles following bimaxillary surgery.","authors":"M B Holte, N van Nistelrooij, S Vinayahalingam, S Bergé, T Xi, E M Pinholt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was performed to propose and validate a fully automatic assessment of volume changes in the mandibular condyles following orthognathic surgery. Two sets of cone beam computed tomography scans were included: one with segmentations of complete mandibles and the other with pre- and postoperative segmentations of the mandibular rami. Two convolutional neural networks predicted a segmentation of the mandible and its ramus segments. Each preoperative ramus segment was registered to the postoperative mandible, and the pre- and postoperative condylar volumes were determined. For validation, the agreement between the fully automatic assessment and a validated semi-automated method was calculated using mean absolute differences (MAD) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Forty condyles in 20 patients (16 female, four male; mean age 27.6 years) with maxillomandibular retrognathia, who underwent bimaxillary surgery, were assessed. A small difference in condylar volume change measurements was observed between the two methods (MAD 2.7%); the ICC, at 0.993, was excellent. The fully automatic method was considerably faster than the semi-automated method (3 min vs 30 min) and demonstrated high precision and excellent reliability for quantifying condylar volume changes. A fast and reliable assessment of condylar changes can identify volume changes sooner, leading to improved personalized patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The superficial radial artery-a cautionary tale of two pedicles.","authors":"I Davies, R M S H B Medawela, A Jenkinson, K Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The radial forearm free flap is a common reconstructive option following ablative head and neck surgery. Although uncommon, anatomical variants such as radial artery anomalies pose risks to flap harvest and viability. A rare case of a common radial artery that branched distally into a superficial radial artery and a deep radial artery is reported here. Identified intraoperatively, the superficial radial artery had a radial, superficial course lateral to the cephalic vein. The preoperative Allen test was normal, but a weak radial pulse prompted thorough intraoperative assessment, including Doppler and occlusion testing. This case highlights the importance of recognizing anatomical variations, employing preoperative duplex ultrasound if needed, and ensuring meticulous dissection to optimize flap outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Wiener, D Nassimi, E Clarkson, S M Peters, D Vasilyeva
{"title":"Intraosseous spindle cell lipoma of the maxilla: case report and review of the literature.","authors":"L Wiener, D Nassimi, E Clarkson, S M Peters, D Vasilyeva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraosseous lipomas are rare benign tumors of mesenchymal origin, particularly unusual in the maxilla. Spindle cell lipomas, a histological subtype, are even more uncommon, with limited cases reported in the literature. This report documents a rare case of intraosseous spindle cell lipoma in the anterior maxilla of a 66-year-old male and presents a review of 39 gnathic lipoma cases from the literature published between 1976 and 2024. The majority of the gnathic intraosseous lipomas (32/39, 82%) occurred in the mandible. The posterior region was more frequently affected than the anterior region (24/39, 62%), in both maxilla and mandible cases (86% and 56%, respectively). Most lesions presented as a well-defined radiolucency; however, the lesions may appear multilocular and may range from radiolucent to mixed radiolucent-radiopaque to 'ground glass'. Surgical excision or enucleation was the most common treatment. Intraosseous spindle cell lipomas are exceedingly rare. Based on the available evidence, surgical excision is the recommended treatment with a favorable prognosis and low recurrence rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Del Santo, T M M Ramos, B da Silva Gaspar, M A A de Castro, E Januzzi
{"title":"Innovative technique for inferior compartment arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint: a safe and reproducible approach.","authors":"L Del Santo, T M M Ramos, B da Silva Gaspar, M A A de Castro, E Januzzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visualization of the inferior joint space of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by arthroscopy is still a challenge for many surgeons, because there are no standard references for how to approach it. This study describes the steps for performing a TMJ arthroscopy technique in the inferior joint space, using anatomical and numerical references. It consists of three steps: marking the reference points, entering the inferior joint space with the cannula, and inserting a needle for continuous Ringer solution irrigation. The precision of this new technique allows greater reproducibility and safety in clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}