{"title":"Mixed reality-assisted orthognathic surgery with pre-bent titanium plates.","authors":"L Huang, H Li, V Yau, E Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthognathic surgery using pre-bent titanium plates and cutting guides has been shown to enhance surgical precision in positioning the maxilla. This technical note introduces an innovative approach that utilizes mixed reality to pre-bend titanium plates and simulate surgical guides with osteotomy lines and drilling holes, thereby aiding in the localization of the maxilla. Postoperative computed tomography showed a discrepancy of <2 mm in comparison to the preoperative virtual design. The virtual surgical planning for orthognathic surgery was dynamically transferred to the surgical procedure in real time, eliminating the need for complex guide systems, optimizing navigation methods, and enhancing navigation accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C P Noronha, A L C Figueiredo, E V F da Silva, M K Mukai
{"title":"Evaluation of heat generation during implant surgery by conventional and guided approach: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"C P Noronha, A L C Figueiredo, E V F da Silva, M K Mukai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the difference in heat generated during guided implant surgery compared to freehand surgery. Four databases were searched with keywords for relevant studies.Included studies met the following criteria: in vitro comparison of implant surgery aided by a three-dimensionally printed surgical guide and freehand surgery with external irrigation. Risk-of-bias was assessed using QUIN. Data quantified temperature increases, categorized by device: thermocouple or infrared camera.The search yielded 1750 articles. After removing duplicates and screening, nine were included in the quantitative evaluation (meta-analysis).In the studies using a thermocouple (measurement at 1-3 mm depth), there was no statistically significant difference in temperature increase between the guided and freehand groups (pilot drill 2.0-2.35 mm, P=0.32; 2.8-3.0 mm, P=0.40). The infrared camera studies (pilot drill 2.0-2.35 mm, at 1-3 mm and 3-6 mm depth) showed a statistically significant difference in favour of freehand surgery, particularly at the greater depth: 5.97 °C (95% confidence interval 4.66-7.27 °C) more heat was generated with guided surgery (P<0.001).overall, in vitro studies showed that guided surgery resulted in significantly greater heat generation than freehand surgery, particularly at greater drilling depths.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subcutaneous pedicle island flap for complex congenital earlobe cleft correction.","authors":"D Li, T Li, Z Cai, X Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital cleft earlobe is rare, but earlobe clefts are nevertheless the most common lower auricular malformations. There are various types of earlobe clefts and there is no universally recognized classification scheme. Different techniques have been reported for the correction of the various types of anomaly. This paper presents a complex subtype cleft that has not previously been reported in the literature and describes the technique used to achieve a three-dimensional reconstruction with a satisfactory result.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postoperative delirium is associated with increased long-term mortality following oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.","authors":"Y Nitta, T Sanuki, S Sugino, M Sugimoto, K Kido","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the impact of postoperative delirium (POD) on 2-year survival and identify perioperative risk factors contributing to POD in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. A retrospective observational study was conducted at Hokkaido University Hospital. The cohort included 65 patients who underwent oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery between January 2016 and May 2022. Patients were categorized into POD (n = 20) and non-POD (n = 45) groups. POD diagnosis was based on clinical criteria assessed by psychiatrists. Survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, malignancy, and disease classification. POD occurred in 30.8% of patients. Two-year survival estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis was significantly lower in POD group (60%) than in non-POD group (87%) (P = 0.009). POD was an independent risk factor for decreased survival (hazard ratio 3.40, 95% confidence interval 1.10-10.57; P = 0.034). No significant perioperative predictors of POD were identified. POD was associated with a substantial decrease in long-term survival following oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Early recognition and management of POD are critical to improving outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Zhang, Y Guo, Y Sumita, H Hirai, M Yamazaki, T Hayashi, J-I Tanuma, K Tomihara
{"title":"Does chemotherapy improve the prognosis in patients with jaw osteosarcoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"L Zhang, Y Guo, Y Sumita, H Hirai, M Yamazaki, T Hayashi, J-I Tanuma, K Tomihara","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteosarcoma, a rare tumour, primarily affects the long bones in young individuals. However, it can also involve the jaw, presenting as jaw osteosarcoma (JOS), which is characterized by higher local recurrence than metastasis. While advances in chemotherapy have contributed to the treatment of osteosarcoma, its role in JOS remains debated. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy on survival outcomes. A systematic search for studies published between 1990 and 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies reported survival data for histologically confirmed JOS cases. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to assess survival rates and prognostic factors. The analysis included 330 patients from 20 studies. The 5-year overall survival rate was 37.1% and the 10-year rate was 10.5%. Age (≥40 years), surgical margin status (positive), and tumour size (≥5 cm) were identified as significant prognostic factors (worse prognosis). Importantly, patients with high-grade JOS treated with both surgery and chemotherapy (versus surgery without chemotherapy) demonstrated improved survival (hazard ratio 0.500, 95% confidence interval 0.262-0.954, P = 0.035). Overall, chemotherapy provided significant benefit in high-grade cases. This study provides valuable insights for refining treatment protocols for this rare tumour type.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utility of frozen section pathology in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"L T D Armstrong, N M Beech, O Breik, M D Batstone","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of intraoperative frozen section analysis on final margin status, loco-regional recurrence, and survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare outcomes of OSCC resections performed with intraoperative frozen section analysis versus gross clinical examination alone. Primary outcomes included final margin status, recurrence, and survival. The literature search was performed on August 18, 2024 via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. R statistical software was used for the data synthesis, and the quality of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE framework. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the pooled estimates for clear margins (relative risk (RR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.06), positive margins (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.26-2.73), or close margins (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.61-1.20) between the frozen section and clinical examination cohorts. A narrative synthesis for recurrence and survival outcomes also demonstrated no significant differences. GRADE assessment indicated a low level of evidence quality and certainty of results. Current evidence does not support a clear advantage of intraoperative frozen section analysis over gross examination alone for improving margin status, recurrence, or survival in OSCC. Further prospective, high-quality, and possibly randomized studies are needed to establish the definitive role of frozen section in improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Ramos-Zayas, I Zubillaga Rodríguez, G Sánchez-Aniceto, A Delgado Fernández, J L Cebrián Carretero, J Acero Sanz, F López-Medrano
{"title":"A predictive risk score for infections following head and neck free flap reconstruction: insights from a multicentre study.","authors":"A Ramos-Zayas, I Zubillaga Rodríguez, G Sánchez-Aniceto, A Delgado Fernández, J L Cebrián Carretero, J Acero Sanz, F López-Medrano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are common complications in head and neck free flap reconstruction and can negatively impact patient outcomes. This prospective multicentre study, conducted between 2019 and 2022 across three Spanish institutions, included 150 patients. The incidence, characteristics, associated complications, and risk factors of HAIs were assessed. A predictive risk score was developed using logistic regression analysis. The incidence of HAIs was 58%, with surgical site infections being the most prevalent. HAIs were associated with longer hospital stays (odds ratio (OR) 41.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.59-118.11; P < 0.001), reoperations (OR 12.59, 95% CI 4.12-38.49; P < 0.001), and delays in initiating adjuvant radiotherapy (OR 5.76, 95% CI 1.94-17.13; P = 0.002). Independent risk factors included prior radiotherapy, malignant tumour, female sex, and tracheostomy. These risk factors and ASA classification III-IV were included in the predictive score. The score assigned 1 point per risk factor, based on its β-coefficient. The observed incidence of HAIs increased with higher scores: 0% (score 0), 30% (score 1), 41% (score 2), 74% (score 3), 83% (score 4), 100% (score 5). The area under the curve for the score was 0.76, suggesting its utility in identifying high-risk patients. In conclusion, HAIs were associated with worse outcomes and their development could be predicted using the proposed risk score.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enamel matrix derivative in the prevention and treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in rats.","authors":"C Eren, C Y Asan, A Kara, C Topan, A E Demirbas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in preventing and treating medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). The study included 60 rats divided into five equal-sized groups. The preventive effect of EMD was evaluated in groups 1 (healthy control), 2 (bisphosphonate control), and 3 (bisphosphonate + EMD), and treatment efficacy was examined in groups 4 (osteonecrosis control) and 5 (osteonecrosis + EMD). Intraperitoneal zoledronic acid was administered to induce MRONJ, and the left mandibular molar teeth were extracted in all groups. Saline-impregnated absorbable collagen sponges (ACS) were placed in the extraction sockets of the control groups, and EMD-impregnated ACS were placed in the study groups. After 8 weeks of healing, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and micro-CT analyses were performed. The rate of complete mucosal closure in the extraction socket was significantly higher in the EMD groups compared to the controls (P = 0.015 , P = 0.009). VEGF, OPG, and RANKL expression levels were higher in the EMD groups compared to their respective controls; however, this was only significant for group 3 vs group 2 (all P < 0.01). Micro-CT examinations demonstrated significantly improved values in the EMD groups compared to the controls. EMD administration may enhance soft and hard tissue healing in MRONJ cases, promoting angiogenesis and bone apposition and increasing levels of VEGF and OPG. EMD may be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Gurav, G P Singh, R Jain, S Kumar, A Bindu, A D Puranik
{"title":"Anatomical characteristics of the fibula as a guide to dental implant installation.","authors":"S Gurav, G P Singh, R Jain, S Kumar, A Bindu, A D Puranik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental implant placement in fibula bone is a standard of care for restoring dentition in reconstructed jaws. An observational analysis of 100 fibulas was performed using the CT component of PET-CT scans, to assess anatomical characteristics of the fibula and determine the ideal fibula region for dental implant placement. The total anatomical fibula length (TAL) was measured on each scan. After removing 6 cm of fibula from each end, five equidistant cross-sectional points were located (A-E) and analysed for four parameters: height of available bone volume for implant installation (a-d dimension), cross-sectional shape, cortical thickness, and radiodensity. The cross-sectional points were compared, and differences according to sex were investigated. Median TAL was 35.4 cm ; adequate for reconstruction of the jaws. The maximum a-d dimension was observed for cross-section C (median 11.5 mm, interquartile range 10.2-13.0 mm). Median cortical thickness ranged between 2.48 mm and 3.91 mm, and median radiodensity between 1073 HU and 1356 HU. Cross-section D more frequently showed a favourable cross-sectional anatomy: triangular with apex downwards (71%). The distal portion of the fibula (segment C-D, spanning 17.74 -23.66 cm from the head end) is deemed most favourable site for dental implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Shammout, A Yussuf, K McMillan, R Williams, R Harrison, Y Liang
{"title":"Early palliative care collaboration for paediatric patients with inherited jaw conditions-a traffic light system.","authors":"A Shammout, A Yussuf, K McMillan, R Williams, R Harrison, Y Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paediatric maxillofacial surgeons infrequently encounter primary life-limiting conditions with escalating symptoms, contributing to the underutilization of palliative care services. This paper highlights two rare life-limiting oral and maxillofacial conditions - infantile osteopetrosis and osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia - and proposes a collaborative framework integrating palliative care. The cases illustrate the multidisciplinary approach needed for complex symptom management, including end-of-life care in one case.The collaboration involved anaesthesia, surgery, pharmacy, dietetics, endocrinology, haematology, respiratory, microbiology, psychology, and community and hospital palliative care teams. Management included analgesia, multiple surgeries, use of enteral nutrition, frequent blood transfusions, and terminal seizure management, addressing ethical and practical challenges to ensure comprehensive care delivery. A traffic light referral pathway to enhance collaboration was developed and is presented. It categorizes patient vulnerability into three tiers to streamline joint management between maxillofacial and palliative care teams. This pathway is currently being piloted to support early referrals and improve care coordination. The illustrative cases underscore the critical role of maxillofacial surgeons in initiating timely referrals and highlight the need for continued education to foster awareness and enhance multidisciplinary collaboration in paediatric palliative care. The novel traffic light system algorithm may support earlier integration of palliative care in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94053,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}