Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology最新文献

{"title":"[Adhesive property and flexural strength of patterned microstructured zirconia posts fabricated by 3D printing].","authors":"Qi Jiang, Lu Yin","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025119","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to design surface patterns using integrated programming software on zirconia posts fabricated through 3D printing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A type 3 3M fiber post was built as a research model, and HyperMill 2021 software was applied to design linear overflow grooves extending from the apex to the base on the post surface. The design parameters included the number, depth, and width of the overflow grooves. Five groups of patterned microstructured zirconia posts were designed, with the 3M fiber post as the control group. Micro-push-out and three-point bending tests were used to measure the bon-ding and flexural strengths of the patterned microstructured zirconia posts. The failure mode of bonding was analyzed by using a stereomicroscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patterned microstructure significantly increased the bond strength of zirconia posts (<i>P</i><0.05). Bonding strength ranged from 9.80 MPa±0.64 MPa to 26.49 MPa±0.94 MPa at the base of the root, from 9.26 MPa±1.08 MPa to 18.51 MPa±0.93 MPa at the center of the root, and from 6.74 MPa±0.31 MPa to 13.00 MPa±0.71 MPa at the apex of the root. The implementation of patterned microstructures reduced the flexural strength of the zirconia post (<i>P</i><0.05), and flexural strength ranged from 378.3 MPa±24.18 MPa to 587.4 MPa±36.60 MPa. The failure mode of zirconia post adhesions treated with patterned microstructures was mainly mixed failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patterned microstructured zirconia posts with improved flexural strength and adhesive properties could be produced by using 3D printing. The bonding and flexural strengths of the patterned zirconia posts can meet the clinical requirements for custom post-and-core design.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative study on the clinical performance of concealable traction hook spherical buccal tubes versus conventional rectangular buccal tubes].","authors":"Silang Li, Ling Zhang, Mengya Cui, Tingjin Zhong, Ziyang Chen, Wenlu Song, Yu Han, Li Ji","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025378","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study comprehensively compares the differences between concealable traction hook spherical buccal tubes (concealable spherical tubes) and conventional rectangular buccal tubes in terms of patient comfort, incidence of buccal mucosal injury, periodontal health indices, and clinical bond failure rate to provide evidence for clinical application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty subjects were enrolled and treated using a split-mouth design, where the two sides of each patient's oral cavity were randomly assigned to receive either conventional rectangular buccal tubes (group A) or concealable spherical buccal tubes (group B). During treatment, pain scores, ulcer occurrence, and bond failure of the first molar buccal tubes were recorded. Periodontal indices, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of the first molars, were assessed before treatment (T0) and 30 days after tube bonding (T1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pain scores in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (<i>Z</i>=-5.231, <i>P</i><0.001). Moderate or higher pain was reported by 86.7% of patients in group A, whereas 90.0% of patients in group B reported mild pain only. The incidence of ulcers in group A (76.7%) was significantly higher than that in group B (3.3%, <i>Z</i>=-4.508, <i>P</i><0.001). After treatment, the periodontal indices in both groups increased significantly compared to pre-treatment levels (<i>P</i><0.05); however, the increases in PLI, GI, and SBI were significantly greater in group A than in group B (<i>P</i><0.001). The bond failure rate in group A (26.7%) was significantly higher than that in group B (8.3%, <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical performance of concealable spherical buccal tubes is significantly superior to that of conventional rectangular buccal tubes in improving patient comfort, reducing the incidence of mucosal injury and clinical bond failure, and maintaining periodontal health. This design offers patients a more comfortable and healthier orthodontic treatment experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<b>Role of counterclockwise rotation of the mandible in the orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class</b>Ⅱ<b>hyperdivergent patterns and concomitant temporomandibular disorders</b>].","authors":"Zhihe Zhao","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025432","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with skeletal ClassⅡ hyperdivergent patterns often present with mandibular retrognathism, increased lower facial height, and excessive vertical dimension of occlusion, resulting in an unaesthetic facial profile and a higher incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Conventional treatments such as camouflage orthodontics with extraction or single-jaw surgery often struggle to achieve a balance between improving facial aesthetics and functional outcomes. In recent years, a treatment approach centered on counterclockwise rotation (CCR) of the mandible has gained attention. By adjusting the occlusal plane and mandibular position, this approach not only improves mandibular retrognathism and optimizes facial proportions but also helps reduce joint loading and alleviate TMD symptoms to some extent. This article systematically discusses the role of CCR in skeletal ClassⅡ hyperdivergent cases from perspectives such as biomechanical foundations, orthodontic and orthognathic treatment strategies, joint functional adaptation, and clinical applications, while also offering insights into its stability and future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Follow-up study evaluating morphological changes in alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior region after extraction retraction in adult patients treated with clear aligners on the basis of cone beam computed tomography data].","authors":"Xinyu Hong, Wenxuan Zhang, Siyao Qi, Lan Yang, Wenxin Shen, Jian Liu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025316","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alveolar bone height and thickness changes in the maxillary anterior region were assessed before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and during the retention phase (T3) in patients with maxillary protrusion treated with clear aligners combined with premolar extraction. The aim was to provide clinical insights for safely retracting anterior teeth with clear aligners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 15 patients (2 males and 13 females) with maxillary protrusion, who underwent bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction and anterior tooth retraction with clear aligners. Cone beam computed tomography images were collected at T1, T2, and T3 (≥18 mon-ths post-treatment) for the measurement of vertical alveolar bone height (labial, palatal, mesial, and distal aspects) and horizontal alveolar bone thickness (labial, palatal, and total). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and changes across phases and correlations were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After orthodontic treatment, the palatal and mesial alveolar bone height of the maxillary anterior teeth significantly decreased (<i>P</i><0.05). Concurrently, the labial midroot and apical thickness of the maxillary central incisors showed a significant increase, whereas the palatal cervical alveolar bone of the maxillary lateral incisors and canines exhibited significant thinning (<i>P</i><0.05). At T3, the labiopalatal alveolar bone height of the maxillary central incisors significantly increased (palatal height increase: 0.46 mm±0.57 mm; <i>P</i><0.05). Although the palatal alveolar bone thickness of the maxillary lateral incisors and canines continued to decrease, the differences were not statistically significant (<i>P</i>>0.05). A negative correlation was observed between alveolar bone resorption during treatment and bone regeneration during retention (labial height of maxillary central incisors: <i>r</i>=-0.597, <i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After the retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with clear aligners, the alveolar bone height on the mesial and palatal sides of the upper anterior teeth showed considerable reduction. The palatal alveolar bone thickness at the cervical and middle root levels of the upper lateral incisors and canines decreased remarkably. By contrast, the labial alveolar bone thickness at the middle and apical root levels of the upper central incisors significantly increased. At T3-T2, the partial recovery of alveolar bone height and thickness was observed, but pretreatment levels were not reached. Notably, the degree of bone resorption during treatment may influence the remodeling potential at T3.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical study on bi-rooted primary canines].","authors":"Lin Xu, Fenfang Qiu, Lihong Shu, Shan Meng, Jing Cai","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025111","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The incidence and clinical characteristics of bi-rooted primary canines were investigated by performing oral panoramic radiographs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 976 oral panoramic radiograph of subjects aged 3-9 years old were collected, and the incidence and distribution of bi-rooted primary canines were observed and recorded. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software, and the literature on bi-rooted primary canine was reviewed to record patient's data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of bi-rooted primary canines was 0.37‰ (37/100 976), of which 0.59‰ (32/54 276) occurred in males and 0.12‰ (5/46 700) in females. Statistically significant difference was observed between males and females (<i>χ²</i>=15.955, <i>P</i>=0.000). The number of bi-rooted primary canine in 37 children was mainly 1-2. Among them, 11 subjects (29.73%) had one bi-rooted primary canine, and 18 subjects (48.65%) had two bi-rooted primary canines. The tooth position distribution of 76 bi-rooted primary canines showed no significant difference between the left and right sides (<i>χ²</i>=1.316, <i>P</i>=0.251). However, significant difference was found between the upper and lower jaws (<i>χ²</i>=15.213, <i>P</i>=0.000) and between the unilateral and bilateral sides (<i>χ²</i>=6.083, <i>P</i>=0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bi-rooted primary canines are rare, mostly occur in 1-2 teeth, and are more common in males than females, in the upper jaw than in the lower jaw, and on both sides than on one side.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical efficacy of simple taper-retained external connection narrow-diameter implants applied in the narrow alveolar ridge of the premolar region: a 5-8-year follow-up study].","authors":"Hao Wu, Ning Cao, Liangwei Cao, Fei Yu, Xu Zhang, Shibo Wei, Hongwu Wei, Shuigen Guo","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025037","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the simple taper-retained external connection narrow-diameter implant JUST J1 MINI (J1 implant) applied in the narrow alveolar ridge of the premolar region for 5-8 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-six patients who attended the Department of Stomatology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University for implant restoration in the premolar region from January 2017 to March 2020 were selected. A total of 87 simple taper-retained external connection narrow-diameter implants were implanted into the narrow alveolar ridge of the premolar region in the immediate postoperative period after implantation without any bone augmentation surgery. CBCT and surface tomography films were taken after the completion of final crown restoration and at the time of final follow-up. With a mean follow-up of 78.9±9.0 months, the survival rate of the J1 implants, rate of abutment loosening and shedding, amount of bone resorption at peri-implant margins, and changes in the bone width and height of the implants were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the final follow-up of 5-8 years, two implants failed when they loosened at three and four months after surgery, and the implant survival rate was 97.7%. The bone resorption values of the distal and mesial margins were 0.719 mm±0.495 mm and 0.722 mm± 0.604 mm, respectively. The bone height and width resorption of the implants were 0.581 mm±0.346 mm, 0.209 mm±0.118 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of long-term follow-up after 5-8 years showed that J1 implants in the narrow alveolar ridge of premolar teeth without bone augmentation can reduce surgical trauma, simplify implant surgery, and satisfy a certain degree of aesthetics and masticatory function in patients. Therefore, J1 implants have good long-term clinical results and expand the indications for implant restorations in the narrow alveolar ridge.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"120-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of Golgi membrane protein 1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and its mechanism].","authors":"Shoucheng Li, Cai Wen, Li Yu, Junliang Chen, Hao Feng","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025073","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the expression of Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells and the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases to evaluate the expression of GOLM1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its prognostic significance. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GOLM1 expression in OSCC tissues and adjacent tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of GOLM1 in human normal oral keratinocytes (HOK) and OSCC cell lines (HSC-3 and SCC-25, respectively) were measured via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. For <i>in vitro</i> experiments, GOLM1 was silenced in HSC-3 and SCC-25 cells via lentiviral transfection, with the transfection efficiency validated through qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated via wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blot was used to analyze EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify potential signaling pathways associated with GOLM1, followed by validation through Western blot and rescue experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GOLM1 exhibited a high expression in HNSCC, correlation with poor prognosis, and significant upregulation in OSCC tissues. In addition, GOLM1 showed markedly elevated expression levels in OSCC cell lines HSC-3 and SCC-25 compared with those in HOK cells. Silencing of GOLM1 markedly suppressed OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, accompanied with an increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and Vimentin levels. GSEA revealed a strong association between GOLM1 and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Silencing of GOLM1 reduced the expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2, and phosphorylated Smad2. Exogenous recombinant human TGF-β1 protein rescued the inhibitory effects of GOLM1 knockdown on OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GOLM1 is overexpressed in OSCC tissues and cells, and silencing of this protein inhibits OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT via the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advancements in biomechanics and orthodontic strategies for clear aligner therapy].","authors":"Xiao Lei, Fang Jin","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025379","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is increasingly used in orthodontic practice. However, the biomechanical effectiveness and predictability of tooth movement in complex cases should be further clarified and enhanced. This article provides a systematic review of the biomechanical mechanisms underlying four common complex treatment modalities in CAT, namely, molar distalization, arch expansion, vertical tooth movement, and extraction cases, and summarizes current clinical strategies, such as overcorrection design, attachment, mini-screw-assisted anchorage, and intra-/inter-arch elastic traction. The role of these strategies in improving tooth movement control and treatment efficacy is elucidated, and potential future developments is discussed. The findings can offer a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing CAT and improving the control ability and predictability of treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cannabinoid receptor 2 inhibition on acantholysis in oral mucosal pemphigus].","authors":"Huijuan Liu, Peng Song, Yali Hou, Xiao Huo, Lijin Mi, Chunyan Liu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025182","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cannabinoid receptor (CB) 2 inhibitor on desmoglein 3 (DSG3) expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with pemphigus serum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare CB expression in pemphigus patients and normal individuals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the concentration of CB2 in the serum of pemphigus patients and normal individuals. A correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the serum CB2 and DSG of pemphigus patients. The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of AM630 on HaCaT cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was utilized to determine the experimental concentration. Serum from normal individuals (negative control group) and pemphigus patients (pemphigus group) was co-cultured with HaCaT cells at a 1∶1 ratio. HaCaT cells cultured in complete medium were used as the control group. HaCaT cells in the pemphigus group treated with AM630 were employed as the AM630 group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were conducted to assess the expression levels of CB2, DSG3, and β-catenin. Cell dissociation experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of AM630 on the adhesion of HaCaT cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immunohistochemistry revealed significant differences in CB2 expression between pemphigus and normal mucosa (<i>P</i><0.000 1), but no difference was found in CB1 expression. ELISA analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CB2 in the serum between normal individuals and pemphigus patients (<i>P</i><0.001). The expression of CB2 in the serum of pemphigus patients exhibited a significant positive correlation with that of DSG3 (<i>r=</i>0.831, <i>P</i>=0.003). The CCK-8 assay indicated that the IC₅₀ of AM630 on HaCaT cells was 0.55 μmol/L. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of CB2 and DSG3 increased in the pemphigus group, while the expression level of β-catenin decreased compared with that in the AM630 groups (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CB2 is highly expressed in oral mucosal pemphigus. AM630 inhibits overexpression of CB2 and DSG3 and underexpression of β-catenin levels, which can provide new therapeutic targets for pemphigus.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"43 6","pages":"829-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12680124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Machine learning-based prediction model for caries in the first molars of 9-year-old children in Suzhou].","authors":"Lingzhi Chen, Xiaqin Wang, Kaifei Zhu, Kun Ren, Zhen Wu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025135","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to use machine learning algorithms to build a prediction model of the first permanent molar caries of 9-year-old children in Suzhou and screen out risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Random stratified whole group sampling was applied to randomly select 9-year-old students from 38 primary schools in 14 townships and streets in Wuzhong District for oral examination and questionnaire survey. Multifactor Logistics regression was used to analyze the risk factors of tooth decay. The data set was randomly divided into training sets and verification sets according to 8∶2, and R 4.3.1 was used to build five machine learning algorithms: random forest, decision tree, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Logistics regression, and lightweight gradient enhancement (LightGBM). The predictive effect of these five models was evaluated using the area under the characteristic curve (AUC). The marginal contribution of quantitative characteristics to the caries prediction model was determined through Shapley additive explanations (SHAP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 7 225 samples that met the standard. The caries rate of the first permanent molar was 54.96%. Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that sweet drinks, dessert and candy, snack frequency, and snacks before going to bed after brushing teeth were correlated with the occurrence of first permanent molar caries (<i>P</i><0.05). The AUC values of decision tree, Logistic regression, LightGBM, random forest, and XGBoost were 75.5%, 83.9%, 88.6%, 88.9%, and 90.1%, respectively. Compared with the variables after single heat coding, the SHAP value of high-frequency sweets (such as dessert candy ≥2 times a day, mother's sugary diet ≥2 times a day) and bad oral hygiene habits (such as frequent snacks before going to bed after brushing teeth and irregular brushing teeth) exhibited the highest positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>XGBoost algorithm has a good prediction effect for first permanent molar caries in 9-year-old children. High-frequency sweet factors and bad oral hygiene habits have a strong positive impact on the risk of first permanent molar caries and are key drivers that can be used in the formulation of targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"43 6","pages":"871-880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12680113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}