Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology最新文献

{"title":"[Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the cantilever fixed bridge restoration for mandibular central incisors supported by narrow-diameter implants].","authors":"Xinxin Zhou, Yanshuo Gong, Wei Peng, Gang Fu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025342","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the biomechanical behavior of three distinct types of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) supporting a single-cantilever fixed bridge for mandibular central incisors using three-dimensional finite element analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three commonly used NDIs were selected: group Z1, Osstem one-piece implant with a dia-meter of 2.5 mm; group Z2, Anthogy Morse taper connected two-piece implant with a diameter of 2.8 mm; group Z3, Nobel Active screw-retained two-piece implant with a diameter of 3.0 mm. The three-dimensional finite-element model of cantilever fixed bridge supported by NDIs was constructed using finite element software. Vertical loads of 65 and 130 N and 45° oblique load were applied. von Mises stress of the implants and metal components, principal stress of the bone tissue, and stress distribution cloud map were calculated and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under vertical load, only Z3 group implant reached a von Mises stress peak of 1 004.5 MPa at a load of 130 N, exceeding the material's yield strength. Under the 45° oblique load, the von Mises stress peaks of all three groups of NDIs excee-ded the material's yield strength. The stress cloud map revealed that the implant neck and surrounding bone tissue were the stress concentration areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All three NDIs groups proved theoretically feasible under a 65 N axial load, with this study delineating the biomechanical safety boundary and highlighting the important risks posed by excessive or oblique loading.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Contrast-enhanced CT-based habitat radiomics for analyzing the predictive capability for oral squamous cell carcinoma].","authors":"Qilin Liu, Zhuang Liang, Shuwen Yang, Hui Dong","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025211","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>By comparing deep learning and habitat analysis models based on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), this study explores a novel approach to predict cervical lymph node metastasis and pathological subtypes in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CECT images from patients diagnosed with OSCC by paraffin pathology were retrospectively collected. A total of 107 patients underwent primary lesion resection and cervical lymph node dissection. Region-of-interest images under CECT were divided into three regions using K-means clustering, and feature selection was performed through a fully connected neural network to construct a habitat analysis model. A clinical model was constructed using nine clinical features, including age, gender, and tumor location. With pathological subtypes and lymph node metastasis (LNM) as study endpoints, the predictive capabilities of the clinical model, deep learning model, habitat analysis model, and combined clinical + habitat model were compared using confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The habitat-clinical combined model exhibits superior predictive performance: in the prediction of lymph node metastasis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) reaches 0.97. In the prediction of pathological typing, the AUC values are 1.00 for well-differentiated type, 0.94 for moderately differentiated type, and 1.00 for poorly differentiated type. This combined model outperforms the standalone clinical and habitat models in predicting pathological typing and lymph node metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The habitat-clinical integrated model exhibits superior predictive efficacy in evaluating LNM and pathological classification in oral carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Oral homeostasis imbalance under hypoxia].","authors":"Yifan Xu, Songling Wang, Jian Zhou","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025427","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia disrupts oral homeostasis through multiple interconnected pathways, including interference with tooth germ development, impairment of salivary gland function and salivary buffering capacity, compromise of the oral mucosal barrier, imbalance in jawbone and alveolar bone remodeling, and alterations in the diversity and functionality of the oral microbiome. These disturbances collectively contribute to the onset and progression of oral diseases. Moreover, disruption of oral homeostasis may, in turn, affect systemic homeostasis, increasing the risk of disorders in other organ systems through mechanisms involving inflammatory mediator release and microbial translocation. Here, we systematically review the effects and underlying mechanisms of hypoxia exposure on oral homeostasis, and further explore the interconnections between hypoxia-induced oral dysregulation and systemic homeostatic imbalance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory networks linking oral and systemic homeostasis under hypoxia, thereby offering potential insights for maintaining homeostatic balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Removal of a high-translucency zirconia crown with Er:YAG laser: a case report].","authors":"Jingyi Huo, Xinyuan Zhang, Wudi Jing, Jizhi Zhao, Haitao Dong","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025297","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The removal of a full crown typically requires considerable chairside time, and the interface between zirconia and resin cement in zirconia restoration is difficult to discern. A high-speed dental handpiece may damage residual dental tissue, thereby affecting the final outcome. The article presents a case after a restoration involving a fiber post, resin core, and zirconia full crown. For esthetic purposes, the removal of the full crown is necessary. An Er:YAG laser was used to completely remove the intact crown, which was then used as temporary restoration. A satisfactory esthetic result was attained after the final restoration. The case suggests that crown extraction with an Er:YAG laser is a safe and effective technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"293-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Safety study of resin-based dental materials using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques].","authors":"Yujie Li, Yiyong Zeng, Zhenxia Du, Guifang Ren","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025350","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the clinical application safety of dental adhesives and composite resin-based dental materials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-targeted screening of migrants from clinically used dentin adhesives and composite resin materials was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Migration media included saliva simulants with pH of 5.5, 6.2, 7.4, and 8.0, 50% ethanol solution, and ultrapure water. By simulating migration under va-rious oral environments, six migrants were detected in the migration media. GC-MS/flame ionization detector was used for quantitative analysis of these migrants, and risk assessment was performed by combining their toxicity data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all six migration media, the exposure levels of monomers and photoinitiators released from four commercially avai-lable resin-based dental materials were all within established safety thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study conducted nontargeted detection and safety assessment of migrants from dental restorative materials. The exposure levels of all detected compounds were below safety limits, providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical safety of composite resin-based dental materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Facial scarless surgical approach for mandibular condyle fracture].","authors":"Jinlong Chen, Lei Liu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025405","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The selection of surgical approaches for mandibular condylar fractures faces dual challenges of anatomical complexity and the risk of complications. This article reviews conventional approaches and proposes a classification system centered on anatomical pathways. In light of the growing emphasis on aesthetic demands and advances in minimally invasive techniques, the evolution and implementation of the \"facial scarless\" concept are discussed. Particular attention is given to the endoscopic intraoral and retroauricular transmeatal approaches, with analysis of their clinical applications, advantages, and limitations, aiming to provide insights for optimizing individualized surgical strategies in the management of condylar fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on perioperative management of tooth extraction in patients receiving denosumab therapy].","authors":"Li Ye, Yubin Cao, Guowen Sun, Yang Xue, Nianhui Cui, Yu Cai, Duohong Zou, Haikuo Tang, Yanjia Hu, Ting Luo, Lei Sun, Zhongcheng Gong, Fudong Zhu, Fugui Zhang, Meng You, Yuxing Guo, Yujiang Wang, Liao Wang, Songling Chen, Bing Han, Wei Zhang, Qing Zhou, Yue He, Jihong Zhao, Kaijin Hu, Lei Liu, Jiyuan Liu, Jian Pan","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025418","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Denosumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and is commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis and cancer-related bone metastases. However, the persistent use of denosumab has been associated with an increasing incidence of denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ), particularly following tooth extraction. This expert consensus aims to develop clinical management guidelines for the perioperative period of tooth extraction in patients who are currently receiving or have previously received denosumab therapy. The consensus covers the definition, etiology, epidemiology, staging, and risk factors of DRONJ, focusing on preoperative assessment, risk-based prevention strategies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and postoperative follow-up protocols. The core management strategy for DRONJ emphasizes individualized decision-making based on a comprehensive preoperative assessment of medication history, local infection, and systemic conditions. The main risk factors for DRONJ include high-dose and long-term denosumab therapy, preexisting oral infections, such as periodontitis and periapical periodontitis, and invasive dental procedures, including tooth extraction, diabetes, and concomitant use of glucocorticoids or antiangiogenic agents. Core preventive measures include strict perioperative oral care, risk assessment-based antibiotic prophylaxis, long-term drug holidays, which were developed by dentists and physicians prio-ritizing the primary disease, and minimally invasive surgical techniques for managing trauma, preserving local blood supply, thoroughly removing infected tissues, and ensuring tight wound closure. This consensus highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration between dental and clinical medicine experts in managing DRONJ. High-quality research is necessary to provide an evidence-based foundation for optimizing DRONJ prevention and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"153-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanism of silibinin in renal injury induced by periodontitis in mice].","authors":"Mengting Hu, Yaqi Shang, Zhenzhen Che, Xinchan Liu, Yu Deng, Weixian Yu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025287","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of silibinin in renal injury induced by periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (Control), periodontitis (P), and periodontitis+silibinbin intervention (P+SB). Ligation with 7-0 silk thread around the maxillary second molar's neck was performed to generate a periodontitis animal model. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson staining, and micro-CT techniques were used to verify the successful construction of the periodontitis model. Renal injury degree was evaluated by renal histological exa-mination (HE, periodic acid-schiff, and Masson staining), ultrastructure observation under a transmission electron microscope, and blood biochemical index detection. The balance of oxidation and antioxidation in kidney tissue was observed by detecting the index of oxidative stress and MitoSOX Red fluorescence staining. The mRNA expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain, and the localization and expression of mTOR in mouse kidney was further clarified using immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with that in the Control group, gingival destruction and inflammation around the second molar were more evident in the P group. The alveolar bone was absorbed remarkably, as characterized by a decrease in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness and the widening of trabecular spacing. Renal tissue showed signs of renal injury, such as widening of Bowman space, exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells, morphological destruction of foot process, swel-ling of mitochondria, and disappearance of mitochondrial crest, accompanied with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and the activation of mTOR signal pathway. In the P+SB group, the destruction of gingiva and alveolar bone was significantly reduced, kidney injury was effectively alleviated, the MDA level decreased, SOD and GSH activities were recovered, and the mTOR signal pathway was significantly inhibited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Silibinin can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress injury of kidney and alleviate the renal injury caused by periodontitis by regulating the mTOR signal pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"240-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of associated factors for the ectopic eruption of adjacent first permanent molars after stainless steel crown restoration of second primary molars].","authors":"Weiwei Dai, Shuhui Huang, Zidan Zhang, Xiaoshuai Sun, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025155","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to analyze the related factors of ectopic eruption of adjacent first permanent molars after the restoration of stainless-steel crowns of the second primary molars.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental group consisted of 19 patients, and 25 second primary molars with stainless steel crown restorations were examined. The patients presented with ectopic eruption of the corresponding first permanent molars. The control group included 19 patients, from whom 29 second primary molars with stainless steel crown restorations were examined. Notably, the corresponding first permanent molars erupted normally. The panoramic radiographs of all participants were analyzed, and va-riables, such as patient age, gender, ectopic eruption positions of the first permanent molars, and the distal margi-nal adaptation of the stainless-steel crowns, were asses-sed. The tilt angles of the first permanent molars, second primary molars, and the intersection angle between the long axes of the two teeth were measured. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's chi-square test and independent <i>t</i>-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant positive correlation was identified between the distal marginal adaptation of the stainless-steel crowns and the ectopic eruption of the corresponding first permanent molar (OR=9.14, 95% CI: 1.06-79.26, <i>P</i><0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited a smaller angle between the long axes of the maxillary first permanent molar and the second primary molar (6.51°±4.46°, <i>P</i><0.05). Additionally, the mandibular first permanent molar had a more pronounced inclination (43.66°±10.56°, <i>P</i><0.05), and the angle between the long axes of the mandibular first permanent molar and the second primary molar was significantly larger (25.39°±10.79°, <i>P</i><0.05) in the experimental group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prior to the restoration of second primary molars with stainless steel crowns, evaluating the potential risk of ectopic eruption of the corresponding first permanent molar is essential. This step is particularly important when ectopic eruption is present in the remaining quadrants. When the angle between the long axes of the maxillary first permanent molar and the second primary molar is excessively small, the inclination of the mandibular first permanent molar is extremely large, or the angle between the long axes of the mandibular first permanent molar and the second primary molar is extremely large, the use of stainless-steel crowns should be minimized, or preventive measures should be considered. Special attention must be given to the distal marginal adaptation during stainless steel crown restoration to prevent the formation of steps on the distal surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"180-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Whole genome sequencing and analysis of familial nonsyndromic congenital tooth agenesis].","authors":"Yuemei Zheng, Dan Wang, Tongyang Jiang, Danqu Yang, Hong Lu","doi":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025131","DOIUrl":"10.7518/hxkq.2026.2025131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital tooth agenesis impairs masticatory function and aesthetics and adversely affects craniofacial development. Although largely considered genetic in origin, its exact etiology remains unclear. This study reports three familial cases of nonsyndromic congenital tooth agenesis (NSTA). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed five pathogenic variants: filamins-B (FLNB) (c.5186C>A, p.Ser1729Ter), methylcrotonyl coenzyme a carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) (c.91C>T, p.Gln31Ter; c.484C>T, p.Gln162Ter; c.340C>T, p.Gln114Ter), laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2) (c.1084A>T, p.Arg362Ter), cathepsin C (CTSC) (c.748C>T, p.Arg250Ter), and chromatin remodeling protein microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 4 (MORC4) (c.1726C>T, p.Arg576Ter). Among these variants, LAMA2 was associated with a severe tooth agenesis phenotype. The findings offer novel clues toward understanding the etiopathogenesis of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94028,"journal":{"name":"Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology","volume":"44 2","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}