Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"The effects of cognitive impairment on gait in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Radim Krupicka, Christiane Malá, Slávka Neťuková, Tereza Duspivová, Anna Vážná, None Jan Novák, Evžen Růžička, Ondřej Bezdíček","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.132","url":null,"abstract":"Gait and cognitive deficits are common symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) [1]. Cognitive deficits can manifest themselves in gait impairment and are tested with the gait-cognitive dual task (DT) [2]. Although a study [3] showed that the cognitive deficit represented by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) weakly correlated with DT gait parameters, the opposite question, if worse gait performance in DT correlates with cognition in patients with PD, has not been answered. Does the performance in gait-cognitive dual task correlate with the performance in MoCa test in patients with Parkinson's disease? We examined 99 de-novo, drug-naive patients with PD (59±13 years) and 58 healthy controls (CON) (60±9 years) [4]. All subjects completed an extended Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The TUG was performed twice and captured on a 5.15 m long and 0.9 m wide pressure walkway (GAITRite®). Participants were instructed to walk in the two different conditions: (i) at a normal pace (ST) and (ii) at a normal pace while counting down from 100 by seven (DT). Gait velocity, cadence, and stride length were selected as representative gait parameters. Cognitive costs [(DT − ST)/ST × 100] were calculated for each parameter and the first PCA component was calculated for the threshold for gait cognitive impairment. The threshold was defined as the 10th percentile of CON and filtered patients without gate-cognitive deficit. The groupwise comparison was made using the two-sample t-test. The Pearson correlation between MoCA and gait parameters was calculated for filtered PD (31 patients, 61±13 years). The t-test revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between CON and PD in velocity cost and stride length cost. PD’s MoCA moderately correlated with the velocity cost (r=0.37) and strongly correlated with the stride length cost (r=0.52) (see Figure). Figure: Visualization of results A) Distribution and differences in gait parameters of healthy controls (CON) and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) B) Pearson’s correlation of gait parameters and MoCA presented by r and significance (*p<0.05, **p<0.01). Download : Download high-res image (419KB)Download : Download full-size image The impairment of gait performance in PD is mainly characterized by a slower velocity with a shorter stride length and a compensatory increase in walking cadence [5]. Significant changes in velocity cost and stride length cost confirm that a cognitive task accents gait impairment. Although the studies [2,3] showed a weak correlation between MoCA and DT in patients with cognitive deficits in PD, our study showed a strong correlation in stride length for PD patients with worse DT performance. This may suggest that gait performance is dependent on cognitive performance and may be improved by cognitive training.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing bones: using statistical shape modelling to create 3D models of the femur from ultrasound images","authors":"Alex Mitton, Jonathan Noble, Adam Shortland","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.157","url":null,"abstract":"Many children with cerebral palsy (CP) develop bony deformities of the femur that require surgical intervention to correct1. Concerns regarding the radiation exposure from CT and the cost and scan time of MRI mean patient-specific 3D models of the femur are rarely used for surgical planning in this patient group, despite evidence supporting their role in improving surgical outcomes2,3,4. Ultrasound (US) imaging presents a cheap, low-risk, and readily available means of constructing such models. However, US is only able to capture partial views of the femur. The “missing” views may be reconstructed using statistical shape modelling; a mathematical technique used to quantitatively analyse complex shapes5,6. Can patient-specific 3D models of the femur be accurately reconstructed from partial surface data acquired with simulated 3D ultrasound using statistical shape modelling? 60 3D meshes of the femur were derived from MR images of 32 young adult subjects (13 with CP, 19 typically developing (TD)). The femur meshes from the left side were flipped horizontally to match those from the right. The meshes from both groups were then used to construct a statistical shape model (SSM) of the femur. An algorithm was written which used the SSM to reconstruct a complete femur mesh from partial information. To test the effectiveness of the algorithm, a dataset of partial surfaces replicating the views possible using US was created. Complete femurs were reconstructed from this dataset, and evaluated against the original 3D meshes using a leave-one-out cross validation procedure. An average point-to-point error of 1.16 ± 0.45 mm was found for reconstructions of the femurs from the TD group, compared to 2.55 ± 0.47 mm in the CP group. Fig. 1 – “a) Example partial surface from the simulated US dataset; b) Example TD reconstruction; c) Example CP reconstruction (reconstruction in purple, original mesh in white”)Download : Download high-res image (36KB)Download : Download full-size image The relatively low error for the reconstructions of the TD femurs demonstrates a promising proof of concept for the proposed technique of creating 3D femur models from partial surface data acquired with US. Future work may develop the algorithm further to improve its performance in the presence of increased femoral deformity, as found in the CP group. With development, this technique has the potential to bring the use of 3D models for preoperative planning into common practice for this patient group, which is likely to improve surgical outcomes. Although the focus of this study has been the creation of 3D models of the femur, the technique of reconstructing US images using statistical shape modelling could be applied to other anatomical structures. Owing to the reduced risk, cost and scan time compared with CT and MRI, the application of the proposed reconstruction technique has the potential to positively impact other surgical services.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with scoliosis have dysfunctional spinal muscles, preliminary study","authors":"Mikko Mattila, Andrey Zhdanov, Juha-Pekka Kulmala","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.150","url":null,"abstract":"Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis is still unknown. Many theories have been introduced throughout the history to clarify the etiology of the scoliosis. Especially vague is the idiopathic scoliosis that apparently does not have any reasonable explanation. Due to the cosmetic appearance of the scoliotic spine, scoliosis has been mostly studied on its treatment. Because children’s vertebral column is flexible, uneven spinal muscle activity and forces may potentially play a role in the development of scoliosis. Some electromyographic (EMG) studies have reported higher activity in the convex side while other found no differences. Mixed findings may be due to fact that previous studies have analyzed absolute rather than normalized EMG results, although latter is commonly recommended. Do spinal muscles show uneven activity in scoliotic patients when examined using normalized EMG. We report results of six scoliotic patients. Multifidus (Mul), Lumbar erector spinae (Les) and thoracic erector spinae (Tes) EMG was recorded during walking and normalized to values of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). At groups level, we found relatively little differences in the normalized EMG magnitude between concave (left) and convex (right) side; however, individual results reveal large side-to-side differences especially in the Les and Tes (Fig. 1). The peak normalized EMG values were relatively high often exceeding the 50% level of the MVC. Picture: Scoliotic spine and EMG of the spinal muscles.Download : Download high-res image (125KB)Download : Download full-size image During walking spinal muscles of the young scoliosis patients were activated asymmetrically in a patient-specific manner. While some patients showed relatively low normalized EMG values, others demonstrated high activity levels, indicating that substantial uneven forces are directed to the flexible vertebral column of these patients. Presumably, this influences the stability of the vertebra. It is evident that scoliosis already develops earlier than when it is actually diagnosed, suggesting that a large-scale EMG screening could help to detect abnormal spinal muscle function before scoliosis is manifested.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of accelerometer sensor position on freezing gait ratio parameters","authors":"Slavka Viteckova, Lucie Horakova, Tereza Duspivova, Evžen Růžička, Zoltan Szabo, Radim Krupicka","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.170","url":null,"abstract":"Freezing of gait (FoG) is an episodic gait pattern characterised by the inability to step that occurs on initiation or turning while walking for those with Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1]. This phenomenon is one of the most disabling yet poorly understood symptoms. It has been shown that tasks requiring bilateral limb coordination are the most likely to elicit FoG in the laboratory. Among the most promising tasks are stepping in place [2], walking and turning [3], and turning in place[4]. Previously, the Freezing Ratio parameter (FoG-ratio) has been developed to objectively measure freezing severity[5]. Usually, a lower limb acceleration signal in an antero-posterior direction measured by an inertial sensor has served as the source for its calculation[6,7]. Growing interest in single sensor utilisation in gait analysis brings up the question of whether any sensor other than the foot can measure freezing severity via FoG-ratio. Is FoG-ratio computed from a sensor located on the sternum or lower back comparable to the foot FoG-ratio during a walking turn? We included 34 Parkinson disease patients (21 males, 13 females), mean age 59.0 (SD 12.3) years in the study. All subjects performed an instrumented extended Timed Up&Go Test (TUG) wearing six synchronised inertial measurement units (Opals, APDM, USA) fitted via elastic straps. Sensors were located at the sternum, lower back, both wrists and feet. The turn subtask was automatically extracted from each TUG measurement. The FoG-ratio was calculated from antero-posterior acceleration acquired by a right foot sensor, left foot sensor, sternum (S) sensor, and lumbar (L) sensor. Depending on turn direction (left or right), each foot was denoted as the inner foot (IF) and outer foot (OF). Thus, four FoG-ratios (FoG_S-ratio, FoG_L-ratio, FoG_IF-ratio, FoG_OF-ratio) were obtained for each subject. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test rejected the null hypothesis, i.e. data was not normally distributed. The Friedman test was employed for comparison of FoG-ratios. Posthoc pairwise comparisons were performed by Wilcoxon signed rank test (alpha level set to 0.05). Next, the Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated for all FoG-ratio pairs. The Friedman test revealed that the FoG-ratios from different sensor locations are statistically different (p<0.001). Pairwise tests showed statistically significant differences between the FoG_S-ratio and FoG_L-ratio (p<0.001), the FoG_S-ratio and FoG_IF-ratio (p=0.006), the FoG_L-ratio and FoG_IF-ratio (p=0.001), and the FoG_L-ratio and FoG_OF-ratio (p=0.001). The correlation analysis detected no significant relationship, Fig. 1.Download : Download high-res image (232KB)Download : Download full-size image Taking into account the results of location comparisons and their mutual relationships, no sensor seems to be a suitable alternative to foot sensors for freezing ratio calculation. However, additional analyses need to be performed before rejecting the possibility of employing o","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effects of multi-session cerebellar and prefrontal trans-cranial direct current stimulation on postural balance in patients with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Narges Jahantigh Akbari, Mohammad Yousefi, Nahid Tahan","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.111","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease, characterized by a destructive inflammatory process in the myelin sheaths (1). Multiple disorders are associated with MS, which typically include muscle weakness, spasticity, cognitive disorder, sensory symptoms, movement disorders, fatigue, and gait disorders (2). Generally, gait and balance disorders are common in patients with MS (3). Approximately 80% of these patients, even in the early stages of disease, show deficits in postural control, which in turn affect their quality of life (3). Therefore, the aim this study was to comparing the effects of multi-session anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation of cerebellar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices on postural balance in patients with multiple sclerosis Which area of cerebellum tDCS or prefrontal tDCS will have a greater effect on postural balance in MS patients? In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 20 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into two groups: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tDCS (n=11) and cerebellum tDCS (n=9). Treatment in both groups consisted of 20 minutes tDCS with 2 mA intensity and 10 minutes’ balance training, for 10 sessions, over four weeks. Dynamic balance was assessed with Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and static balance using force plate before and after treatment. In both groups, a significant increase in BBS and a significant decrease in TUG was observed (P <0.05). A significant decrease found in sways path in the anterior-posterior direction and total sway path in the cerebellum group (P <0.05). A significant improvement was found in BBS, sway speed in the anterior-posterior direction, and total sway speed in the cerebellum group compared to the DLPFC group (P <0.05). Findings suggest that tDCS can use in combination with physical therapy to treat balance disorders in MS patients.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CrossFit® to improve gross motor function and gait in adolescents and young adults with unilateral cerebral palsy: a pilot study","authors":"Michèle Widmer, Alice Minghetti, Jacqueline Romkes, Morgan Sangeux, Cornelia Neuhaus, Bastian Widmer, Elke Viehweger","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.267","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral palsy (CP) is a childhood disability which affects the development of movement and posture, impairs muscle function and muscle strength, and can furthermore negatively impact gait. Recent data shows that not only strength, but also bouts of anaerobic exercise in patients with CP might help to transfer muscle strength into functional capacity (1). This pilot study examined the feasibility and effects of a functional high-intensity exercise intervention (CrossFit®) performed in a group-setting with unilateral CP patients on indicators of daily functionality, including gait. 9 adolescents with unilateral CP (7 males, 2 females, mean age: 16.9 (SD 3.48); GMFCS Level: I-II) participated in the study. The intervention consisted of two weekly supervised training sessions over 12 weeks, which contained progressive resistance training performed with free weights as well as high-intensity aerobic and anaerobic workouts performed through functional movement patterns which were adapted to individual ability and capacity. A 3D-gait analysis, the six-minute walking-test (6MWT), a clinical exam and the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) (2) were performed before and after the intervention. Mean differences were calculated with paired t-tests and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The exercise intervention was not accompanied by any adverse events except light muscle soreness. We measured a significant increase in the GMFM 66 (p = 0.031, mean difference = 2.19 (CI 0.71-3.67)). Furthermore, a non-significant increase in the distance of the 6 MWT (p = 0.09, mean difference = 29.8 m (CI -5.8-65.5)) and the propulsion ratio (p = 0.067, mean difference 5.4% (CI 0.5-11.4%)) of the affected leg was found. No statistically significant changes were found for Gait Profile Score (GPS) (3), spatiotemporal parameters or clinical exam (ankle range of motion, popliteal angle). This pilot study shows that a high-intensity functional training with free weights (CrossFit®) in adolescents with unilateral CP is a safe training method that might effectively improve gross motor function, endurance, and asymmetry in gait. Therefore, the intervention seems to show a transfer into non-task-specific movements of daily life. Based on this pilot study, studies with bigger patient samples and control groups may be performed to detail the effect of high-intensity functional training. Furthermore, this pilot study raises the question to explore the possibilities of more functional tests to measure daily life function by for example using wearable inertial measurement units (IMU).","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medial gastrocnemius morphology after orthopedic surgery in a child with spastic cerebral palsy","authors":"Babette Mooijekind, Lynn Bar-On, Marjolein M. van der Krogt, Wouter Schallig, Melinda M. Witbreuk, Annemieke I. Buizer","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.164","url":null,"abstract":"To improve gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), the calf muscle can be surgically elongated, for instance with an incision at the muscle-tendon junction [1,2]. Previous studies showed that this procedure results in a larger ankle range of motion [1,2]. However, it is unclear whether the elongation originates from lengthening of the tendon, the muscle belly, or a combination of both. What is the effect of surgical elongation on the morphology of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) in a child with CP and how does the MG morphology of the child with CP relate to MG morphology of typically developing children (TD) before and after the surgery? Muscle-tendon unit (MTU), muscle belly, tendon, and fascicle lengths, pennation angle of the fascicles as well as muscle volume were determined with 3D ultrasound for a boy with spastic CP (13 years, GMFCS I) one week before and 21 weeks after surgery (including a period of intensive physiotherapy), and compared to reference data of 20 TD children (10±3 years). Morphological variables were collected with the foot positioned at an angle corresponding to a moment of 0 Nm. Lengths were normalized to tibia length and volume to body weight. One-sample t-tests were conducted to compare the CP case with TD reference data. Before surgery, ankle angle at 0 Nm, MTU length, muscle belly length, and muscle volume were significantly lower and tendon length longer in the child with CP compared to TD references (Fig. 1). Fascicle length and pennation angle were similar to TD. After surgery, the ankle angle at 0 Nm increased with 18° achieved by an increase in MTU, muscle belly and tendon length with 11%, 1% and 18% respectively. Fascicle length decreased with 16% and muscle volume and pennation angle increased with 8% and 62% respectively. After surgery, only MTU length was similar in CP compared to TD. In this case, the surgical elongation resulted more ankle dorsiflexion mainly due to tendon elongation. Despite the better overall MTU length, there was overall more atypical MG morphology. The simultaneous increase in muscle volume and reduced fascicle length could be explained by the combined effect of fascicle hypertrophy and increase in pennation angle. The increased ankle dorsiflexion and longer MTU length may have improved the child’s function during daily life and physiotherapy, thereby facilitating fascicle hypertrophy shown by the increase in muscle volume. Our results should be verified in a larger sample size and related to his gait pattern and capacity. Additionally, more insight in the healing process can be obtained with recurring follow-up measurements planned 1 year post-surgery. Fig. 1. Adaptations following surgical elongation of the medial gastrocnemius.Download : Download high-res image (87KB)Download : Download full-size image","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the effects of induced toe flexor weakness on foot kinematics? A study protocol and preliminary results","authors":"Halenur Evrendilek, İlknur Özkaradeniz, Kubra Onerge, Nazif Ekin Akalan, Derya Çelik","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.182","url":null,"abstract":"The foot core is supported by active subsystems like intrinsic foot muscles(1). Weakness of these muscles can lead to a decrease in the medial longitudinal arch(MLA), resulting in altered foot mechanics, function, and increasing the risk of injuries(1,2). Intrinsic muscle strength is compatible with toe flexor strength and has been found to be lower in flat feet (3,4). It is challenging to determine the isolated effects of intrinsic muscle weakness in foot kinematics while walking(4) which can provide valuable insights for clinical reasoning. What are the effects of induced toe flexor weakness on foot kinematics? 4 adults (3 female,1 male;24.75±2.98 y.o.) with typical foot posture (Foot-Posture-Index-6 score: <5) participated into the pilot study. Toe flexor muscle strength of the dominant foot was assessed with a dynamometer (Lafayette Instrument Company, USA) while sitting before and after the fatigue procedure (Figure-1:a1-a2) (5). A 3D-printed foot arc heightening device (AHD) with 4 kg resistance spring was used to generate fatigue in the toe flexor muscles (Figure-1:2). The participants were required to complete 75 reps. for each set by a metronome at 45 BPM under the discomfort level (6/10) until achieving 10% muscle force-drop(Figure-1:c1-c2). Heel-rising and extrinsic muscle activation were not allowed. The Oxford Foot Model was used to analyze three trials of walking kinetics and kinematics. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical non-parametric paired analysis (p<0.05).Download : Download high-res image (148KB)Download : Download full-size image To achieve >10% muscle weakness each participant completed varying numbers of sets (3-5 sets). The decrease of great toe and toe flexor muscle strength was 19.57%±7.01 and 19.01%±3.58 after the procedure respectively. Some of the effects of the procedure remained after analyses were completed (15.67%±13.34 and 12.3%±11.31). The mean velocity, temporospatial parameters, kinematic parameters of pelvis, hip and knee joints, ankle power and arch height were not different before and after the procedure (p>0.05). Peak hindfoot plantarflexion was lower and peak hindfoot inversion was higher significantly after the procedure. The sagittal and frontal plane range of the hindfoot relative to the tibia decreased (p<0.05, Graph-1: I,II,III) The pilot study protocol was effective enough to induce temporary toe flexor muscle weakness. Although the isometric muscle force reduced for intrinsic muscles after the procedure, controversially to the literature (2), increased hindfoot inversion was found which may be related to increased motor unit activation or proprioceptive alterations which should be studied in detail. The device was more efficient in great toe grasping compared to other toes, which might result in differential level muscle weakness among the toes. Comparison studies with a larger sample size are needed to conclude to describe the effects of fatigue procedure.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 8-weeks selective training on the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis morphologies","authors":"Yukio Urabe, Satoshi Arima, Oda Sakura, Tsubasa Tashiro, Rami Mizuta, Komiya Makoto, Noriaki Maeda","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.252","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance training for the peroneus muscles is important because this muscles undergo morphological changes and functional decline after a lateral ankle sprain. We reported at last year's ESMAC 2022 the possibility of selectively training each muscle by implementing immediate selective interventions for the peloneus long (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) (Arima et al., 2022). However, it has not been examined whether long-term interventions can selectively train the PL and PB. Does an 8-weeks intervention allow selective training of the PL and PB? Eighteen healthy participants were divided into two task groups that performed two different 3 times a week for 8-weeks tasks: the PL task in which a Thera-Band was placed on the ball of the foot and pushed out from the contact point (n=9), and the PB task in which the Thera-Band was pulled out from the base of the fifth metatarsal (n=9). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) at 25% (showing PL) and 75% (showing PB) proximal to the line connecting the fibular head and lateral malleolus measured by an ultrasound system, and PL and PB strength measured using a handheld dynamometer were determined at the beginning of week 1 (baseline) and on the first day of the week following each weekly task. PL and PB strength measured muscle strength during exercise of the same as PL and PB tasks. Two-way ANOVA was used to check for differences in changes in values by the 8-weeks PL and PB tasks. There was significant interaction between groups and measurement weeks for the 25% and 75% CSA, PL and PB strength (p<0.05). Post hoc test showed that the 25% CSA was significantly higher in the PL task between weeks 3 and 8 compared to baseline (p<0.05). The 75% CSA was significantly higher in the PB task compared to baseline for all weeks between weeks 4 and 8 (p<0.05). PL strength was significantly higher in the PL task between weeks 2 and 8 compared to baseline (p<0.05). PB strength was significantly higher in the PB task compared to baseline for all weeks between weeks 3 and 8 (p<0.05). PL muscle activity is increased by the ball of the foot loading, and the PB contributes to ankle eversion compared to the PL. In this study, the 8-week intervention also increased 25% CSA and PL muscle strength in the PL task over time with each passing week, and 75% CSA and PB muscle strength in the PB task. This suggests that an 8-weeks PL and PB tasks probably be useful for long-term selective training of peroneus muscles.","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal modelling informed muscle coordination re-training to reduce knee joint loads","authors":"Hans Kainz, Willi Koller, Elias Wallnöfer, Gabriel Mindler, Andreas Kranzl","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.08.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94018,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}