Frontiers in Cognition最新文献_第3页

The experience of memory: it's unconscious origins 记忆的体验：无意识的起源

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2024.1358396

Denis Brouillet

引用次数: 0

An energy-efficient process of non-deterministic computation drives the emergence of predictive models and exploratory behavior 非确定性计算的高能效过程推动了预测模型和探索行为的出现

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1171273

Elizabeth A. Stoll

{"title":"An energy-efficient process of non-deterministic computation drives the emergence of predictive models and exploratory behavior","authors":"Elizabeth A. Stoll","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2023.1171273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2023.1171273","url":null,"abstract":"Cortical neural networks encode information about the environment, combining data across sensory modalities to form predictive models of the world, which in turn drive behavioral output. Cortical population coding is probabilistic, with synchronous firing across the neural network achieved in the context of noisy inputs. The system-wide computational process, which encodes the likely state of the local environment, is achieved at a cost of only 20 Watts, indicating a deep connection between neuronal information processing and energy-efficient computation. This report presents a new framework for modeling non-deterministic computation in cortical neural networks, in terms of thermodynamic laws. Initially, free energy is expended to produce von Neumann entropy, then predictive value is extracted from that thermodynamic quantity of information. The extraction of predictive value during a single computation yields a percept, or a predictive semantical statement about the local environment, and the integration of sequential neural network states yields a temporal sequence of percepts, or a predictive syntactical statement about the cause-effect relationship between perceived events. The amount of predictive value available for computation is limited by the total amount of energy entering the system, and will always be incomplete, due to thermodynamic constraints. This process of thermodynamic computation naturally produces a rival energetic cost function, which minimizes energy expenditure: the system can either explore its local environment to gain potential predictive value, or it can exploit previously-acquired predictive value by triggering a contextually-relevant and thermodynamically-favored sequence of neural network states. The system grows into a more ordered state over time, as it physically encodes the predictive value acquired by interacting with its environment.","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"45 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential effects of location and object overlap on new learning 位置和对象重叠对新知识学习的不同影响

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1325246

Benjamin Chaloupka, Dagmar Zeithamova

{"title":"Differential effects of location and object overlap on new learning","authors":"Benjamin Chaloupka, Dagmar Zeithamova","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2023.1325246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2023.1325246","url":null,"abstract":"Overlap with prior experience facilitates learning in some cases while hindering it in others. As facilitation and interference are typically studied in separate lines of research, using distinct paradigms, it is unclear what key factors drive the opposing behavioral outcomes.In two experiments, we tested whether both effects can be observed within a single task, depending on what overlaps between experiences. Participants completed a novel task in which they learned a grid of object-location associations, followed by a second grid that overlapped with the first in locations and/or objects. We hypothesized that overlap of locations would serve as a spatial schema, facilitating new learning, while overlap of objects would create interference.In line with our hypothesis, we found that location overlap facilitated learning of the second grid, while object overlap hindered learning of the second grid. We replicated these findings in a second experiment, additionally showing that both effects remain largely stable across two distinct grid shapes.These results demonstrate that the effect of overlap can be manipulated within a single task, pinpointing one factor that determines the direction of the effect and highlighting the differential roles of “what” and “where” in the organization of memory.","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No role of working memory in the relation between mental rotation and postural stability 工作记忆在心理旋转与姿势稳定性之间没有作用

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1298371

P. Hofmann, Markus Siebertz, Petra Jansen

引用次数: 0

Maintenance suppression reduces the accessibility of visual information in working memory regardless of its normative valence. 维持抑制降低了工作记忆中视觉信息的可及性，无论其标准效价如何。

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2024.1487851

Caleb N Jerinic-Brodeur, Marie T Banich, Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock

{"title":"Maintenance suppression reduces the accessibility of visual information in working memory regardless of its normative valence.","authors":"Caleb N Jerinic-Brodeur, Marie T Banich, Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2024.1487851","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2024.1487851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intentional removal of unwanted information allows us to focus on our current goals. Previous research has shown that suppressing the maintenance of neutral images in working memory can impair access to that information in immediate and delayed memory tests. However, it remains unclear whether maintenance suppression has the same impact on emotionally valenced images. Intrusive thinking (e.g., rumination) often involves negative thoughts that persist as individuals attempt to push them out of mind. Given the emotional nature of intrusive information that can repeatedly enter working memory, it is important to understand how the valence of information affects the ability to remove it. Participants in a non-clinical sample completed a working memory removal experiment using group-normed images with positive and negative valence. Participants encoded two images of the same valence on each trial, were cued to suppress or maintain one of them during a brief delay period, and then responded to a memory probe in which they indicated whether the test image had been presented on the current trial, regardless of whether or how it was cued. Our results demonstrate that participants were faster, relative to uncued items, to endorse an item that had been cued for maintenance, and slower to endorse an item that had been cued for suppression. Importantly, this pattern held for both positive and negative items and did not differ between valences. These findings replicate those obtained using emotionally neutral stimuli. Thus, this study demonstrates that maintenance suppression reduces the accessibility of visual information in working memory, regardless of its emotional valence, and suggests that this cognitive strategy could potentially be an effective tool in reducing intrusive thoughts that occupy the focus of attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rethinking perception and cognition in the digital environment 反思数字环境中的感知和认知

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1266404

Atanas Kirjakovski

引用次数: 0

Placing willed attention in context: a review of attention and free will 将有意识的注意置于语境中:对注意和自由意志的回顾

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1205618

John G. Nadra, George R. Mangun

{"title":"Placing willed attention in context: a review of attention and free will","authors":"John G. Nadra, George R. Mangun","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2023.1205618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2023.1205618","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is the ability to focus one's awareness on relevant events and objects while ignoring distracting ones. Laboratory studies of top-down voluntary attention commonly use predictive or instructional cues to direct attention. However, in real world scenarios, voluntary attention is not necessarily externally cued, but may be focused by internal, self-generated processes. The voluntary focusing of attention in the absence of external guidance has been referred to as “willed attention,” a term borrowed from the literature on willed motor actions. In a fashion similar to studies of willed (self-initiated) actions, during willed attention, participants are given the freedom to deploy attention based on their own free choices. Electrophysiological studies have shown that during willed attention, ongoing neural activity biases willed attention decisions on a moment-to-moment basis as reflected in transient patterns of brain electrical activity that predict where participants will later choose to focus their attention. Brain imaging studies have revealed that compared to cued attention, willed attention involves additional frontal cortical structures, which interact with the classic attentional control networks of the human brain to produce a modified network organization for willed attention control. In this introduction to willed attention, we briefly review the fields of voluntary attention and self-initiated motor actions, in order to describe willed attention and its neural correlates as they relate to the broader concepts of attention and volition.","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"29 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility of a remotely-delivered yoga intervention on cognitive function in breast cancer survivors: a mixed-methods study 远程递送瑜伽干预乳腺癌幸存者认知功能的可行性:一项混合方法研究

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1286844

Alyssa R. Neville, Lori J. Bernstein, Catherine M. Sabiston, Jennifer M. Jones, Linda Trinh

{"title":"Feasibility of a remotely-delivered yoga intervention on cognitive function in breast cancer survivors: a mixed-methods study","authors":"Alyssa R. Neville, Lori J. Bernstein, Catherine M. Sabiston, Jennifer M. Jones, Linda Trinh","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2023.1286844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2023.1286844","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common, persistent quality of life complaint among breast cancer survivors (BCS), however there remain no proven treatments. There is emerging evidence that aerobic exercise and yoga may improve CRCI. There remains limited research on the safety and feasibility of virtually-supervised, remotely-delivered yoga interventions among cancer survivors, and no yoga studies to date have assessed cognitive function as a primary outcome in BCS. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of an 8-week, remotely-delivered yoga intervention and examine its impact on cognitive function, fatigue, and exercise levels in BCS using a concurrent mixed-methods design. Methods Participants completed objective and self-report cognitive function measures (NIH Toolbox remote cognitive battery, PsyToolkit Task Switch test, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function [FACT-Cog3]); fatigue (Revised-Piper Fatigue Scale); and exercise activity level (modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) before and after the yoga intervention. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted post-intervention to understand participants' experiences with the yoga intervention, CRCI, and fatigue. Results The intervention surpassed a priori feasibility indicators (adherence rate = 83.7%, attrition rate = 5.4%, no adverse events). Participants ( n = 18, M age = 52.2 ± 10.1) had significant improvements in objective memory, fatigue, and weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise post-intervention. Qualitative themes indicated that participants found the remote intervention to be enjoyable and beneficial. Conclusions In this small proof-of-concept study, remotely-delivered yoga appears safe and effective at improving CRCI. Future randomized controlled trials examining the impact of remotely-delivered yoga interventions on cognitive function in BCS are warranted.","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"31 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A combination of restudy and retrieval practice maximizes retention of briefly encountered facts 重新学习和检索练习相结合可以最大限度地保留简短遇到的事实

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1258955

Stefania R. Ashby, Dagmar Zeithamova

{"title":"A combination of restudy and retrieval practice maximizes retention of briefly encountered facts","authors":"Stefania R. Ashby, Dagmar Zeithamova","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2023.1258955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2023.1258955","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Is retrieval practice always superior to restudy? In a classic study by Roediger and Karpicke, long-term retention of information contained in prose passages was found to be best when opportunities to restudy were replaced with opportunities to self-test. We were interested whether this striking benefit for repeated testing at the expense of any restudy replicates when study opportunities are brief, akin to a single mention of a fact in an academic lecture. We were also interested in whether restudying after a test would provide any additional benefits compared to restudying before test. Method In the current study, participants encountered academically relevant facts a total of three times; each time either studied (S) or self-tested (T). During study, participants predicted how likely they were to remember each fact in the future. During self-test, participants performed covert cued recall and self-reported their recall success. Final test followed immediately or after a delay (Experiment 1: 2 days, Experiment 2: 7 days). Results Contrary to prior work, long-term memory was superior for facts the were restudied in addition to self-tested (SST &gt; STT = SSS). We further investigated whether restudy after a test (STS) provides additional benefits compared to restudy before test (SST). Restudying after a retrieval attempt provided an additional benefit compared to restudying before a retrieval attempt on an immediate test, but this benefit did not carry over a delay. Finally, exploratory analyses indicated that restudy after test improved the accuracy of participants' subjective predictions of encoding success. Discussion Together, our results qualify prior work on the benefits of repeated testing, indicating that balancing testing with repetition may allow for more information to be learned and retained. These findings offer new insights into the conditions that promote encoding and long-term retention, provide new constraints for existing cognitive theories of testing effects, and have practical implications for education.","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amodal completion of coincidentally occluded angles: a matter of visual approximation 巧合夹角的模态补全:视觉近似的问题

Frontiers in Cognition Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.3389/fcogn.2023.1216459

Andrea Dissegna, W. Gerbino, C. Fantoni

{"title":"Amodal completion of coincidentally occluded angles: a matter of visual approximation","authors":"Andrea Dissegna, W. Gerbino, C. Fantoni","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2023.1216459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2023.1216459","url":null,"abstract":"In the Gerbino illusion a regular but coincidentally occluded polygon appears distorted. Such a display represents a critical condition for amodal completion (AC), in which the smooth continuations of contour fragments—however small—conflict with their possible monotonic interpolation. Smoothness and monotonicity are considered the fundamental constraints of AC at the contour level. To account for the Gerbino illusion we contrasted two models derived from alternative AC frameworks: visual interpolation, based on the literal representation of contour fragments, vs. visual approximation, which tolerates a small misorientation of contour fragments, compatible with smoothness and monotonicity constraints. To measure the perceived misorientation of sides of coincidentally occluded angles we introduced a novel technique for analyzing data from a multiple probe adjustment task. An unsupervised cluster analysis of errors in extrapolation and tilt adjustments revealed that the distortion observed in the Gerbino illusion is consistent with visual approximation and, in particular, with the concatenation of misoriented and locally shrinked amodally completed angles. Implications of our technique and obtained results shed new light on visual completion processes.","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73443202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0