Frontiers in Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Disrupting emotional memory: PASER as a potential reconsolidation-based intervention in stressful experiences.","authors":"Jonathan Emanuel Petrone, Lucía Daniela Romero, Antonella Oliva Montaudo, Lorna A Evans, Diego Raúl Piñeyro","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1868072","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1868072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stressful experiences may generate persistent emotional distress that could interfere with daily life. Early intervention is key to reducing those emotional disturbances and potentially preventing the development of more severe pyschopathology. The present research consists of two studies that evaluate the effects of the PASER technique on levels of emotional disturbance.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In study 1, a quasi-experimental repeated-measures within-group design was used, with four assessments conducted through the APEEM inventory in relation to a non-pathological stressful situation selected by each participant. The first three measurements were mediated solely by brief imaginal exposure (inherent to the APEEM instrument) in order to control for the cumulative effects of exposure and habituation over time. Following each of these assessments, a 15-min distractor task was administered. The fourth measurement was conducted after the group application of the PASER technique. In study 2, an experimental design was conducted, assessing the effects of the variables \"measurement time point\" (baseline and post-test), \"sex\" and \"intervention condition\" (control vs. PASER).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a progressive reduction in emotional disturbance as time progressed in both studies. Participants receiving PASER exhibited a significantly greater reduction in emotional disturbance than those in the control condition. These findings support the effectiveness of PASER in reducing emotional disturbance beyond the effects attributable to repeated exposure and the passage of time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that PASER produces an effect greater than simple exposure-based desensitization, potentially promoting memory reconsolidation processes. Longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm the stability of these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1868072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separating early and intermediate vision EEG signatures of facial emotion recognition in a fast divided attention task to eye and mouth features.","authors":"Diana Costa, Camila Dias, Teresa Sousa, João Estiveira, João Castelhano, Verónica Figueiredo, Andreia Pereira, Miguel Castelo-Branco","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1871042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2026.1871042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Face emotion recognition is a core component of social cognition. The N170 event-related potential (ERP) is a well-known neural marker of face perception. However, the sensitivity of the N170 and other early and intermediate ERP components, such as the P100 and P250, to the emotional content of facial expressions remains debated, possibly due to the influence of attentional mechanisms. We investigated whether early facial emotion perception can be tracked by modulation of these EEG signatures when participants are required to selectively process both eye gaze and mouth emotional cues within a very short time frame.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EEG data were recorded while 20 participants performed an emotion recognition task involving neutral, happy, and sad facial expressions. The task required the integration of gaze and expression cues within a brief 350-ms presentation, ensuring focused attentional deployment. We tested three hypotheses: (1) the P100 does not encode emotional expressions despite being modulated by attention; (2) the N170 is sensitive to emotional facial expressions; and (3) the P250 reflects higher-level emotional processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The P100 was not sensitive to facial emotional content. In contrast, both the amplitude and latency of the N170 were modulated by emotional expression, with larger amplitudes for happy compared with neutral and sad expressions, and longer latencies for happy and sad than for neutral faces. The P250 was also modulated by emotion, with sad faces eliciting lower amplitudes than happy and neutral faces.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that the P100 does not encode emotional face recognition when selective attention is controlled for. In contrast, emotional facial expressions elicit distinct N170 and P250 responses, supporting the involvement of early and intermediate neural systems in emotional face processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1871042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dyadic interaction enhances sensitivity and shifts decision criterion in a change detection task.","authors":"Tatsuru Kawachi, Yousuke Kawachi","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1827978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcogn.2026.1827978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Can two-person decision-making change performance in detecting a change in the scene? Observers sometimes fail to detect visual changes that occur during a coincident visual transient or other disruption, a phenomenon known as change blindness. Although change blindness has been extensively studied, relatively little is known about whether collaborative decision-making can reduce such failures. Research on collective decision-making suggests that dyads make more accurate judgments than individuals, and recent findings show that they also adopt a more liberal decision criterion. This study examined whether dyads exhibit differences in sensitivity and decision criteria in a change detection task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in a dyad judged individually and collectively whether the pair of flickering images contained a change. We also conducted a follow-up independent repeated decision-making experiment, in which individuals responded twice with a period of time between two judgments, to confirm whether the second judgment without social input differed from the first judgment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from the dyadic decision-making experiment showed that dyads demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to detect changes and were more likely to respond \"change present\" than better individuals, suggesting the dyadic decisions were not simply based on the judgment of the more sensitive member. Results from the follow-up experiment supported the effect of dyadic decision-making by indicating no difference in sensitivity and decision criterion between first and second judgments.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that dyadic decision-making may help reduce the failure of change detection by improving sensitivity and shifting the decision criterion to minimize missed detections.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1827978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic amnesia is associated with increased arousal and reactivity symptoms following acquired brain injury.","authors":"Alessia Quinzi, Valentina Bandiera, Gaia Galluzzi, Alessandro von Gal, Maria De Luca, Nicoletta Fallarino, Paola Ciurli, Dolores Villalobos, Benedetta Ferrazza, Virginia Sordi, Elisa Berardi, Rita Formisano, Cecilia Guariglia, Umberto Bivona","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1880462","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1880462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic amnesia is a common consequence of acquired brain injury and is characterized by impaired autobiographical memory for the traumatic event. For this reason, post-traumatic amnesia has traditionally been considered to reduce the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, particularly symptoms based on explicit recollection of the trauma. However, post-traumatic stress symptoms may also emerge in the absence of conscious memory of the event.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine whether post-traumatic amnesia is associated with different patterns of post-traumatic stress symptoms following acquired brain injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six patients with acquired brain injury were divided into two groups: patients with post-traumatic amnesia (n = 31) and patients without post-traumatic amnesia (n = 25). Post-traumatic stress symptoms were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Clinician Version. Functional disability and self-awareness were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses were rare in both groups. However, patients with post-traumatic amnesia showed significantly higher arousal/reactivity symptoms than patients without post-traumatic amnesia, whereas no significant group differences emerged with regard to the dimension of intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, or general anxiety levels. Time since injury was positively associated with arousal symptoms in both groups. Functional disability predicted arousal only in patients without post-traumatic amnesia, while impaired self-awareness was negatively associated with arousal in the overall sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings challenge the traditional \"amnesia-protection\" hypothesis and support a more nuanced understanding of post-traumatic stress symptoms following acquired brain injury. Trauma-related emotional responses may persist despite impaired autobiographical memory for the traumatic event, highlighting the need for multidimensional approaches to the assessment of post-traumatic stress symptoms in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1880462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adjustable wave model for attention restoration.","authors":"Richard J Jagacinski","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1842241","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1842241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention Restoration Theory has provided a framework for investigating how experiencing natural scenes can be especially helpful in overcoming attentional fatigue. If the structure of attention were better understood, it might facilitate experimental investigations of this theory and possibly expand its domain. The present paper reviews experiments that demonstrate that sustained focal attention is characterized by 3-8 Hz. oscillations that are interpreted as temporally sampling the environment. A traveling wave model is proposed as a generalization of this finding for distributed attention in which there is sampling of the environment over both time and space. Temporal and spatial sampling frequencies are assumed to be adjustable together from low to high. This model provides a frequency based interpretation of Attention Restoration Theory. Low frequency attention waves can occur in expansive natural environments with slow temporal rhythms and fractal structure and are restorative. In contrast, high frequency attention waves can occur in modern technological environments with high event rates and are fatiguing. This model of distributed attention will be helpful in researching attention restoration in relation to the spatio-temporal frequency content of natural and constructed environments. Attention restoration is discussed in the context of monitoring and vehicular control tasks, attentional aspects of religious practice, and music.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1842241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and generational differences in anthropomorphism and trust in large language models.","authors":"Michelle Cohn, Mahima Pushkarna, Mark Díaz, Joscelin Cooper, Gbolahan O Olanubi, Joseph M Moran, Zion Mengesha, Courtney Heldreth","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1824836","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1824836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate everyday information seeking, a fundamental question emerges: do people conceptualize these systems as social agents, and does this tendency vary by age?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated how individuals anthropomorphize and trust a pseudo-LLM, examining English-speaking adults from the United States (<i>n</i> = 1,485) across four generations: Gen Z (age 18-26), Millennials (age 27-42), Gen X (age 43-57), and Baby Boomers (age 58-77). We experimentally manipulated anthropomorphic cues (text versus text+speech; first-person \"I\" versus third-person \"the system\" framing).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age and generational differences were observed: Gen Z (the youngest age group) showed consistently lower anthropomorphism, reduced trust ratings of the system, and lower ratings of accuracy for responses generated by the LLM. Anthropomorphic voice cues increased perceived human-likeness and accuracy uniformly across age groups. Qualitative analyses further revealed age and generational differences in how participants conceptualized the system.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Together, these findings suggest that age and generational differences shape how people attribute mind and agency to artificial systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1824836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13430600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When less is more: single selfhood-related cues elicit higher selfhood ratings than multiple cues.","authors":"Jan Pohl, Kristina Nikolovska, Francesco Maurelli, Arvid Kappas, Bernhard Hommel","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1815906","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1815906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In everyday social cognition, people reliably tend to anthropomorphize non-human agents or ascribe to them features associated with selfhood. In prior research, we showed that individuals often (over-)generalize from a single behavioral indicator of selfhood, such as learning ability or attentional sharing, to the assumption that other, unobserved indicators of selfhood are also present. This suggests that even minimal cues may be sufficient to activate a broader selfhood concept and its associated implications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Here, we tested the prediction that single selfhood cues are as effective as multiple selfhood cues in eliciting selfhood- attributions to an artificial agent. In three experiments, we compared selfhood ratings for a robot exhibiting behavioral cues of efficiency, learning sensitivity, and equifinality with ratings for a robot exhibiting only one of these cues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to our expectations, participants did not attribute the same degree of selfhood to both robots. They attributed more selfhood to the single-cue robot in Experiments 1 (single efficiency cue) and 3 (single equifinality cue), whereas in Experiment 2 (single learning cue), the multiple-cue robot received higher ratings on the manipulated characteristics as well as on context sensitivity (results for selfhood-attribution were negligible).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In sum, we conclude that a single selfhood cue tends to elicit stronger selfhood-attributions overall than multiple cues. We discuss this finding in relation to the literature on cognitive bootstrapping (i.e., developing new and complex knowledge from a limited starting set), concluding that consistently applying a single skill to an apparent problem may reflect more human-like behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1815906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13342225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond symbolic algebra with quantum picturalism.","authors":"Selma Dündar-Coecke, Lia Yeh, Emmanuel Pothos, Muhammad Hamza Waseem, Bob Coecke","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1790789","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1790789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The more advanced the symbolic mathematics, the more impenetrable the meaning. This is particularly evident in quantum theory, where symbolic formalisms foreground states and objects. An alternative diagrammatic approach, Quantum Picturalism (QPic), privileges structure, relation, and transformation. As a category theoretic formalism, it supports reasoning through the composition of visually represented quantum processes, a distinction that not only concerns representation but also shapes how quantum phenomena are conceptualized, opening new educational possibilities and ways of knowing. The choice of formalism-algebraic or diagrammatic-is not neutral, but embodies underlying ontological commitments that shape which structural features of quantum phenomena-such as states vs. relations; objects vs. transformations-are made accessible. This paper examines the epistemological, cognitive, and educational significance of non-symbolic thought in mathematics, and in quantum mechanics in particular, using QPic as a guiding example. We raise a central question: can quantum processes be represented in ways that align more naturally with human cognition? What is new here is showing how the epistemological and cognitive aspects of non-symbolic formalism are brought into pedagogical practice. Such paradigm largely benefits from the <i>language of thought</i> hypothesis alongside theories of embodied cognition, dual coding, and conceptual metaphor theory to articulate a holistic framework in which multiple, interacting conceptual systems underpin understanding. Drawing on historical precedents-from Euclidean geometry to Leibniz's universal calculus of thought-we contend that human intuition works more naturally within relational and visual frameworks, particularly those that help complex ideas to be seen and manipulated as structured wholes. The broader impact of this paradigm lies in democratizing access to quantum innovation and rethinking what it means to <i>understand</i> the quantum world, offering an inclusive entry point into it.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1790789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A standardized non-linear approach to studying menstrual cycle effects on brain and behavior.","authors":"Mateja Perović, Michael L Mack","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1839153","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1839153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menstrual cycles are major biological events with extensive effects on the brain and cognition, experienced by half of the human population. To develop a comprehensive account of human cognition, it is necessary to successfully integrate and characterize menstrual cycle effects in cognitive science research. However, current approaches to menstrual cycle analysis suffer from low data resolution and are not well-equipped to capture the highly variable, non-linear changes in outcomes of interest across the cycle. We present a validated standardized method remedying these issues, demonstrate its utility using hormonal, behavioral, and neuroimaging data, and provide an open-source toolkit to facilitate its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1839153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148407611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary evidence that remembering together can help younger adults recall the positive.","authors":"Marie C Diagne, Leonard Faul, Suparna Rajaram, Elizabeth A Kensinger","doi":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1814611","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fcogn.2026.1814611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional information is often more likely to be recalled than neutral information. Among emotional information, there can also be valence biases in memory, with negative content remembered better than positive content or vice-versa. With regard to whether collaborating with others enhances negative memory biases or positive ones, findings in young adults are mixed. Moreover, little is known about how collaboration affects valence biases in older adults' memories, even though it is well documented that older adults often show positive memory biases on individual recall tasks. The present study examined the effect of collaborative retrieval on young and older adults' valence memory biases, by assigning young and older adults to individual-recall or collaborative-recall conditions prior to completing an individual recall task. In the collaborative recall condition, groups were composed of same age-group partners, all young adults or all older adults. Importantly, the recall tasks gave participants three category labels to recall at once, to cue memories in a manner that encouraged the intermixing of differently valenced content. Collaborative retrieval enhanced young adults' memories for all valences, but enhanced memory for positive valence to the greatest extent, resulting in a strong positive memory bias after collaboration. Older adults showed a positive memory bias regardless of whether or not they collaborated. These results emphasize that the positive memory biases typically seen in older adults can be elicited in young adults, if they collaborate with one another.</p>","PeriodicalId":94013,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cognition","volume":"5 ","pages":"1814611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13333520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}