Nanoscale Horizons最新文献

{"title":"Nanofluidic systems for ionic intelligence","authors":"Makusu Tsutsui, René van Roij, Ye Yuan, Akihide Arima, Md Sifat Islam, Ryuichiro Abe, Ali Douaki, Denis Garoli, Ivan I. Smalyukh and Marjolein Dijkstra","doi":"10.1039/D6NH00048G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6NH00048G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Artificial intelligence is rapidly permeating modern technology, but its growth is increasingly constrained by the costs of delivering power and removing heat. Neural computation offers a striking counterpoint, for it achieves sophisticated information processing at exceptionally low energy by exploiting ionic flows and adaptive conductance. Inspired by the Hodgkin–Huxley view that function emerges from ion-transport dynamics, recent work has begun to implement memory and learning directly in fluids, where ions simultaneously carry signals and encode the internal device state. This Review charts the emerging landscape of fluidic ionic memristors, from soft, bioinspired materials to manufacturable solid-state nanofluidic architectures. In lipid bilayers, droplet networks, tissues and ionic polymers, electrical activity is intrinsically coupled to chemistry and mechanics, enabling plasticity across multiple timescales. In rigid nanopores, nanochannels and angstrom-scale slits, the softness is transferred from the scaffold to the ionic degrees of freedom, where electric double-layer dynamics, concentration polarization and confinement-driven effects produce history-dependent transport in robust inorganic frameworks. Hybrid approaches integrate gels, brushes, particles, or biomolecules within microfabricated structures to combine stability with rich analogue dynamics. We conclude by outlining the key requirements for translation from reproducibility to scalable integration towards ionic intelligence technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1483-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/nh/d6nh00048g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging diverse 3D neural electrode architectures for bioelectronics","authors":"Joonho Paek, Wonjung Park, Hayoung Song, Inhea Jeong, Myoungjae Oh, Eunmin Kim, Dayeon Kim, Seung Hyun An, Younghoo Kim, Won Gi Chung, Sanghoon Lee, Jongsu Lee, Jung Ah Lim and Jang-Ung Park","doi":"10.1039/D5NH00844A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NH00844A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bioelectronics have been increasing in prevalence, driving extensive studies to develop systems that can perform electronic operations on various organs. In particular, neural recording technologies have undergone rapid development through the integration of advanced materials and electronic systems designed to interface directly with biological environments. Despite the developments of 1D and 2D neural interfaces, their applicability is limited by factors including elevated impedance, mechanical fragility, and poor conformability to inhomogeneous biological surfaces. To overcome these limitations, 3D neural electrodes have been extensively developed. Not only can 3D bioelectrodes enable stable interfacing with the biological surfaces, but also explore deep regions previously inaccessible with surface-based approaches. This review summarizes recent advances in 3D neural electrode architectures, highlighting their key functionalities, underlying materials and structural designs, representative applications, and current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1536-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/nh/d5nh00844a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147696791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathable, biocompatible, long-term stability Ti3C2Tx bioelectrodes for real-time monitoring of electrophysiological signals","authors":"Jingxiao Liu, Zhaoyang Su, JingYue Xuan, Liubing Fan, Fangfang Gao, Xuan Zhao, Qingliang Liao and Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D6NH00022C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6NH00022C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrophysiological signals, generated from the directional transport of ions across cellular membranes, encode vital physiological information relevant to human health status. Electrophysiological signal monitoring serves as a critical approach for deciphering fundamental physiological processes and enabling precise disease diagnostics. Bioelectrodes are indispensable components for the acquisition of high-fidelity electrophysiological signals. However, sweat inevitably accumulates at the skin–electrode interface during continuous monitoring, which may irritate the skin or cause the electrodes to detach from the skin, affecting the acquisition of high-quality electrophysiological signals. A key challenge in ensuring the long-term utility of bioelectrodes lies in enhancing their breathability without impeding electrophysiological signal transmission. Therefore, we realized Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> edge passivation by NaAsc and the preservation time at room temperature was increased to 30 days. On this basis, an antioxidant Ti<small>₃</small>C<small>₂</small>T<small>_<em>x</em></small> bioelectrode with high air permeability and biocompatibility was proposed. The bioelectrode has an excellent gas permeability of 1408.89 g m<small>⁻²</small> d<small>⁻¹</small> and a low skin–electrode interface impedance of 1.83 × 10<small>⁵</small> Ω at 10 Hz. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio of the electromyography signal is 19.4 dB and the T/R wave intensity ratio of the electrocardiography signal is 0.4079, which is superior to that of the Ag/AgCl gel electrode. The bioelectrode with these optimized attributes enables stable, long-term monitoring of multiple electrophysiological modalities and excellent skin biocompatibility, providing a new approach for constructing a health monitoring and smart medical system.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1710-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale Horizons Emerging Investigator Series: Dr Shelly Conroy, Imperial College London, UK","authors":"None","doi":"10.1039/D6NH90015A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6NH90015A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Our Emerging Investigator Series features exceptional work by early-career nanoscience and nanotechnology researchers. Read Shelly Conroy's Emerging Investigator Series article ‘A workflow for correlative <em>in situ</em> nanochip liquid cell transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography enabled by cryogenic plasma focused ion beam’ (https://doi.org/10.1039/D5NH00310E) and read more about her in the interview below.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1454-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the potential of 2D WS2 memristors as an artificial synapse with resilient gradual behavior at high temperatures for neuromorphic applications","authors":"Tanya Chaudhary and Davinder Kaur","doi":"10.1039/D6NH00013D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6NH00013D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The increasing demand for future digital technologies and high-temperature neuromorphic hardware will rely on non-volatile behavior and power efficiency. High-temperature devices are crucial for space exploration and function in severe environments, such as industrial units. Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known for their strong mechanical properties, which make them frontrunners for next-generation device fabrication. This paper presents an Ag/WS<small>₂</small>/W memristive device deposited onto a silicon substrate utilizing a direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique that can operate at high temperatures. The device displays steady and reliable gradual resistive switching characteristics with low set/reset switching voltages (+0.65 V/−0.55 V). Device also exhibits an excellent electrical endurance (&gt;2500 cycles), retention time (&gt;10<small>⁴</small> s), and good cycle-to-cycle variability with low variation coefficient, confirming its consistency and robustness. Temperature-dependent current–voltage measurements were utilized to investigate the conduction behavior of the developed memristive device. The measured electrical characteristics highlighted a thermally assisted conduction process, thereby justifying the proposed switching model. Furthermore, the memristor device emulated fundamental synaptic plasticity functionalities, including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and paired-pulse depression (PPD). This study highlights 2D WS<small>₂</small> as an emerging material that can serve effectively as an artificial synapse and also maintains steady operation at elevated temperatures. These findings pave the way for the realization of state-of-the-art neuromorphic computing platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1662-1675"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A core–shell nanostructured latex for multifunctional anti-corrosion and flame-retardant coatings","authors":"Shufen Wang, Ruping Xie, Yue Zhang, Yu Wu, Xiaotong Zhao, Jiapeng Tang and Yunsheng Ding","doi":"10.1039/D5NH00758E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NH00758E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Corrosion and fire-induced strength degradation are primary drivers of severe economic losses and catastrophic failures in metallic structures. Polymer coatings serve as critical safeguards against corrosion; however, their flammability presents a fire risk, undermining the overall safety of the protected structure. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) exhibits excellent inherent barrier properties and flame retardancy, but its poor film-forming ability has limited its practical application in high-performance coatings. To address this limitation, a core–shell nanostructure hybrid latex was successfully synthesized <em>via</em> seed emulsion polymerization, combining PVC with polyurethane (PU) and polybutyl acrylate (PBA). The resulting coating exhibits exceptional anti-corrosion performance, demonstrated by a low-frequency impedance modulus (|<em>Z</em>|<small>_0.01Hz</small>) exceeding 4 × 10<small>¹¹</small> Ω cm<small>²</small> after 30 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, confirming its robust and durable protective capability. Furthermore, the cone calorimeter test (CCT) revealed a 7.3% reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and an increased fire performance index (FPI) of 0.079 m<small>²</small> s kW<small>⁻¹</small> for the PVC–PU–PBA film. This work presents a feasible and scalable strategy for fabricating multifunctional waterborne coatings with integrated corrosion resistance and flame retardancy, offering a promising solution for advanced steel protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1651-1661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative catalysis between Ce3+ sites and Ag nanoparticles enabling nonoxidative coupling of methane to ethane","authors":"Song-Ye Zeng, Min Wang, Yin-Feng Wang, Chang-Long Tan, Ming-Yu Qi, Yi-Jun Xu and Zi-Rong Tang","doi":"10.1039/D5NH00852B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NH00852B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Photocatalytic nonoxidative coupling of methane (CH<small>₄</small>, NOCM) to ethane (C<small>₂</small>H<small>₆</small>) is a promising route for CH<small>₄</small> valorization, yet its efficient implementation requires the seamless coordination of CH<small>₄</small> adsorption, C–H bond activation, and C–C coupling. This intrinsic complexity makes it fundamentally challenging for a single type of active site to drive the entire NOCM process efficiently. Herein, we induce the formation of Ce<small>³⁺</small> sites on the surface of CeO<small>₂</small> by loading Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for NOCM, and achieve highly efficient and selective conversion of CH<small>₄</small> to C<small>₂</small>H<small>₆</small>. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Ce<small>³⁺</small> sites enhance CH<small>₄</small> adsorption and facilitate C–H bond activation to generate methyl radicals (˙CH<small>₃</small>). Subsequently, Ag NPs promote the coupling of ˙CH<small>₃</small>, ultimately producing C<small>₂</small>H<small>₆</small>. This study presents a synergistic catalysis strategy for designing efficient photocatalysts to achieve the selective coupling of CH<small>₄</small> into higher-value chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1685-1690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluence-independent range of surface roughening within the Gaussian-shaped profile of a low-intensity ultrashort laser","authors":"N. Osterloh, M. Vyshnepolsky, T. Pan and K. Morgenstern","doi":"10.1039/D5NH00836K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NH00836K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the pursuit to master the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, we investigate the local effects of irradiating a Cu(511) surface with a Gaussian-shaped laser spot lasting 50 fs at a fluence well beneath the ablation threshold. Irradiation results in the formation of adatom and vacancy clusters. Such changes exhibit significant variation based on their position within the laser spot because of a strong dependence on the locally absorbed fluence, limiting the precision of nanoscale modifications induced by laser irradiation. We delve into these critical nanoscale transformations across the microscale using the nanoscale resolution of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. We identify a broad fluence range, where the number of defects stays approximately constant. Our results open a route to create defined nanostructures across a larger spatial range despite the inevitable fluence variations across a Gaussian-shaped laser spot.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1676-1684"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/nh/d5nh00836k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming tumor cells into professional antigen-presenting cells using poly(β-amino ester) nanoparticles to deliver CD80-encoding mRNA","authors":"Amanda Katharina Binder, Franziska Bremm, Niklas Feuchter, Antoni Torres-Coll, Sabrina Kübel, Carola Berking, Salvador Borrós, Cristina Fornaguera, Niels Schaft and Jan Dörrie","doi":"10.1039/D5NH00667H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NH00667H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Effective T-cell activation requires both antigen recognition and co-stimulatory signaling. However, tumor cells typically lack the necessary co-stimulatory molecules, rendering T-cell receptor engagement with tumor antigens insufficient to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses. To overcome this limitation, we converted tumor cells into professional antigen-presenting cell (APC)-like cells by equipping them with the co-stimulatory molecule CD80. Electroporation of melanoma and lung cancer cell lines with CD80-encoding mRNA significantly increased their ability to stimulate tumor-antigen-specific T cells, as indicated by increased activation markers and cytokine secretion. Most importantly, CD80 expression converted melanoma cells into APC-like cells capable of priming and expanding naïve T cells that recognize endogenous tumor antigens. To enable clinical application, we subsequently used poly-(beta aminoester) (pBAE) polymers, which efficiently encapsulate mRNA into nanometric polyplexes. As previously reported, pBAE nanoparticles (NPs) efficiently penetrate plasma membranes and escape endosomal degradation both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Here, we evaluated pBAE NPs encapsulating GFP-encoding mRNA in human cell lines derived from melanoma, lung cancer, leukemia, adenocarcinoma, uveal melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. The pBAE NPs effectively transfected adherent tumor cells, and tumor spheroids <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in ovo</em>. When delivering CD80 mRNA, NPs achieved expression rates of more than 50% in most cell lines, which lasted for at least 72 h. Here as well, nanoparticle-mediated CD80 expression enabled melanoma cells to prime and expand naïve T cells recognizing endogenous tumor antigens. Importantly, T cells primed by CD80-expressing tumor cells were also capable of killing tumor cells that had not been transfected. In line with these findings, T cells stimulated with untransfected tumor cells showed high levels of checkpoint receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1, whereas the expression was significantly lower when using CD80-transfected tumor cells. This proof-of-concept study indicates that conversion of tumor cells into professional APC-like cells with CD80 mRNA is feasible and results in potent anti-tumor CD8<small>⁺</small> T-cell responses. With the use of mRNA-loaded pBAEs, the prerequisites for a future application <em>in vivo</em> are given. Therefore, the application of pBAE NPs encapsulating CD80 mRNA to specifically transfect tumor cells presents a new promising strategy for the <em>in vivo</em> treatment of various cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1691-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/nh/d5nh00667h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confinement of acyclic amino acids inside metal–organic frameworks with topology-varied asymmetric catalysis performances","authors":"Aijie Ma, Zhen Li, Bingcheng Liu, Fuli Ye, Yilong Li, Zhongwen Du, Jing Li, Yongli Ji, Jiye Fan, Hongli Chen, Pai Liu, Meiting Zhao and Jun Guo","doi":"10.1039/D6NH00010J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D6NH00010J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With cyclic proline as the sole exception, almost all acyclic amino acids suffer from poor catalytic performances owing to conformational flexibility and weak substrate affinity. In this study, polymorphic zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (PCN-777 and UMCM-309) featuring distinct topological architectures are employed as catalytic platforms for the confinement of acyclic amino acids. PCN-777-confined catalysts not only exhibit 158% increased catalytic turnover frequencies, but crucially achieve 2.7-fold enhancements in product enantiomeric excess for the asymmetric aldol reaction. However, fewer performance improvements are observed for the polymorphic UMCM-309-confined catalysts. Electrostatic potential calculations and probe experiment results consistently exclude divergency of charge distribution onto the metal nodes. In return, molecular docking simulations identify divergent steric constraints depending on the topologies of the MOFs as the primary factor dominating performance differences. The proposed simple yet effective strategy not only significantly improves the limited catalytic performance of raw amino acids, but also elucidates a previously overlooked steric mechanism fundamental to small-molecule asymmetric catalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Horizons","volume":" 6","pages":" 1570-1577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}