Annals of the American Thoracic Society最新文献

{"title":"Phenotyping Using Polysomnography Attributes Reduced Respiratory Events after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy to Improved Upper Airway Collapsibility.","authors":"Thomas M Tolbert, Ankit Parekh, David M Rapoport, Indu Ayappa","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202402-171OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202402-171OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) measured <i>off</i> CPAP may be decreased relative to baseline AHI preceding CPAP treatment. Semiinvasive \"endophenotyping\" sleep studies attribute this fall in AHI primarily to improved ventilatory control stability. Phenotyping Using Polysomnography (PUP) attempts to reproduce these studies using routine polysomnography (PSG). <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether changes in AHI after CPAP associate primarily with changes in PUP-estimated ventilatory control stability (loop gain with a 1-minute cycle time [LG₁]) or with changes in other PUP-estimated pathophysiologic mechanisms. <b>Methods:</b> PUP analyses were performed on existing PSGs in research participants who underwent baseline PSG, 4.4 ± 2.2 months of CPAP therapy, and CPAP withdrawal with repeat PSG on Night 2 of withdrawal. Pre-CPAP PUP-estimated LG₁, arousal threshold, and upper airway collapsibility (Vpassive) and muscular compensation (Vcomp) were compared with corresponding values during CPAP withdrawal. Mixed-effects models were constructed to determine which PUP estimate best explained changes in AHI. <b>Results:</b> PSG data were available for 35 participants (mean age, 47 ± 10.8 yr; 12 women; mean body mass index, 38.5 ± 8.6 kg/m²; mean AHI with hypopneas defined according to 3% oxygen desaturation and/or arousal, 58.8 ± 33.1 events/h; 9 participants with mild/moderate OSA and 26 with severe OSA). After CPAP, AHI decreased, but the change was not statistically significant. However, a significant decrease was observed in those with severe OSA (pre-CPAP 68.2 [32.6-86.3] vs. CPAP withdrawal 49.0 [36.1-74.4] events/h). Across all participants, changes in PUP estimates did not exceed test-retest agreement limits. For those with severe OSA, decrease in LG₁ (0.86 [0.61-1.13] before CPAP vs. 0.71 [0.61-0.99] on CPAP withdrawal) and increase in Vpassive (fraction of eupneic ventilation 64.8% [5.4-88.4%] before CPAP vs. 76.4% [20.7-92.7%] on CPAP withdrawal) exceeded test-retest agreement limits. Increased Vpassive, decreased LG₁, and decreased arousal threshold were predictors of decreased AHI in mixed-effects models. Vpassive had the greatest estimated effect on AHI. After accounting for Vpassive, additional estimates did not improve model performance. However, Vpassive and LG₁ were correlated, and <i>post hoc</i> analyses suggest that these estimates may be influenced by both upper airway collapsibility and ventilatory control. <b>Conclusions:</b> According to PUP physiologic estimates, decreases in AHI after several months of CPAP therapy are attributable primarily to improved upper airway collapsibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"438-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Affordable Care Act's Call for Nondiscrimination: Addressing the Role of Pulse Oximetry in Racial Disparities.","authors":"Howard L Saft, Nirav R Bhakta, An-Kwok Ian Wong, Sharron J Crowder, Stuart C Sweet, Indira Gurubhagavatula","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202408-902PS","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202408-902PS","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"313-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Awareness and Knowledge of Acute Exacerbation in Patients Dying with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Nationwide Survey.","authors":"Takafumi Koyauchi, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Mitsunori Miyashita, Masanori Mori, Tatsuya Morita, Shusuke Yazawa, Norimichi Akiyama, Satoshi Hagimoto, Yoshinobu Matsuda, Ryo Tachikawa, Hideki Yasui, Masaru Suzuki, Yuichiro Asai, Manabu Ono, Yuichiro Kimura, Shinya Ohkouchi, Yoshinori Tanino, Keishi Sugino, Tomoya Tateishi, Motoyasu Kato, Atsushi Miyamoto, Yoshinobu Saito, Susumu Sakamoto, Masato Kono, Koshi Yokomura, Shiro Imokawa, Koji Sakamoto, Yuko Waseda, Tomohiro Handa, Noboru Hattori, Kazuki Anabuki, Kazuhiro Yatera, Yuki Shundo, Tomoaki Hoshino, Noriho Sakamoto, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Hiromi Tomioka, Keisuke Tomii, Yoshikazu Inoue, Takafumi Suda","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202405-495OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202405-495OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Accurate prognostic awareness (PA) and knowledge of the disease are critical for decision-making regarding treatment options, advance care planning, and end-of-life care. However, they have not been investigated in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the prevalence of patients with ILD who have accurate PA and/or knowledge of acute exacerbation and whether accurate PA is associated with end-of-life medical interventions and quality of dying and death. <b>Methods:</b> Through a nationwide bereavement survey, we examined the prevalence of accurate PA and knowledge of acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with ILD who died in acute general hospitals between January 2018 and February 2020. Patients' PA and knowledge were assessed from the perspective of the bereaved. We also quantified the quality of dying and death from the perspective of the bereaved using three scales-the Good Death Inventory, the Quality of Dying and Death questionnaire, and the single-item Quality of Dying and Death overall score-and obtained information on end-of-life interventions from the electronic medical record. We examined the associations of accurate PA with end-of-life interventions and quality of dying and death. <b>Results:</b> A total of 296 patients whose caregivers completed questionnaires were analyzed. One hundred sixty-three patients (55.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 49.2-60.8%) who died of ILD had accurate PA, and 138 (46.9%; 95% CI, 41.1-52.8%) recognized that their disease could have AE. Multivariate regression analysis showed that accurate PA was associated with significantly fewer intensive care unit deaths (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10-0.82; <i>P</i> = 0.02). Patients with accurate PA had better quality of dying and death on all three scales. <b>Conclusions:</b> Approximately half of the patients who died of ILD did not recognize that their disease could lead to death or AE. The lower number of intensive care unit deaths and better quality of dying and death in patients with accurate PA suggest the potential benefits of obtaining accurate PA in patients with ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"395-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between Sepsis-2 and Sepsis-3 Definitions among Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Ann A Zalucky, Bruno Evrard, Kevin Delucchi, Hanjing Zhuo, Nelson Wu, Kathleen D Liu, Carolyn M Hendrickson, Michael A Matthay, Kirsten N Kangelaris, Carolyn S Calfee","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202409-958RL","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202409-958RL","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"460-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Flow Feedback Intervention Improves Underperception of Airflow Limitation in Pediatric Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Jonathan M Feldman, Deepa Rastogi, Karen Warman, Denise Serebrisky, Kimberly Arcoleo","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202406-637OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202406-637OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Underperception of asthma symptoms is associated with poor asthma outcomes. <b>Objectives:</b> We assessed the effects of a behavioral intervention for improving perception of airflow limitation and asthma outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> A two-arm randomized controlled trial compared peak expiratory flow (PEF) feedback versus supportive counseling. Latino and Black adolescents with asthma ages 10-17 years old and caregivers were recruited from hospitals in the Bronx, New York. PEF feedback sessions reviewed accuracy of PEF guesses and medication adherence data and targeted behavior change using motivational interviewing and problem-solving skills training. The supportive counseling group received emotional support related to asthma. Both groups received three sessions across 6 weeks. All participants were blinded to PEF while guessing PEF before intervention and at 1, 6, and 12-month follow-up. Children in the PEF feedback group saw actual PEF after guesses were locked in during the 6-week intervention. Participants and assessors were blinded to group assignment. The primary outcome was underperception of airflow limitation (divergence between actual PEF and guesses) on home spirometers. Secondary outcomes included daily PEF and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), inhaled corticosteroid adherence measured by electronic monitors, Asthma Control Test, and emergency health care use for asthma. <b>Results:</b> The sample comprised 354 children (mean = 13.2 ± 2.2 yr; 62% Latino, 38% Black) and caregivers. The PEF feedback group (<i>N</i> = 153 analyzed) demonstrated greater improvements at 1-month follow-up on underperception of airflow limitation (difference-in-differences, -12.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], -17.54 to -7.74), percent personal best PEF (9.89; 95% CI, 7.13 to 12.65), percent predicted FEV₁ (4.93; 95% CI, 0.95 to 8.90), and inhaled corticosteroid adherence (16.02; 95% CI, 7.15 to 24.89) compared with the supportive counseling group (<i>N</i> = 152 analyzed). At 12-month follow-up, the PEF feedback group maintained improvements on underperception of airflow limitation (-13.87; 95% CI, -19.03 to -8.71), maintained higher percentage personal best PEF (14.23; 95% CI, 11.37 to 17.08) and percent predicted FEV₁ (5.62; 95% CI, 1.56 to 9.67), and had smaller declines in inhaled corticosteroid adherence (17.51; 95% CI, 7.12 to 27.89) versus before intervention than the supportive counseling group. No between-group differences existed for asthma control or health care use. <b>Conclusions:</b> The efficacy and sustainability of PEF feedback was established in improving children's perception of airflow limitation, pulmonary function, and medication adherence. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02702687).</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"403-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home Mechanical Ventilation and Risk of Hospitalization in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome: The Population-based DISCOVERY Study.","authors":"Jonas Einarsson, Andreas Palm, Zainab Ahmadi, Magnus Ekström","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202402-224OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202402-224OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) have high risk of hospitalization, which might be decreased by home mechanical ventilation (HMV). <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate annualized hospitalization rate (AHR) and changes in AHR in patients with OHS starting HMV and explore if there were any differences in AHR by starting HMV acutely or electively. <b>Methods:</b> This was a population-based longitudinal study of patients with OHS starting HMV in the Swedish DISCOVERY (Swedish Population-based Course of Disease in Patients Reported to the Swedish CPAP Oxygen and Ventilatory Registry) cohort between 1996 and 2018, cross-linked with the National Patient Registry for national data on hospital admissions. AHR was calculated for each patient for 3 years before (Years -3, -2, and -1) and 3 years after (Years 1, 2, and 3) the year of starting HMV (Year 0; start date ± 6 mo). Differences in AHR were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (between years) and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test (between acute/elective). The proportion of patients hospitalized in each year was analyzed, and a comparison between years was done with McNemar's test. Factors associated with change in AHR were identified using multivariate linear regression models. <b>Results:</b> In total, 2,445 patients were included: 47% females, mean age 62.3 ± 12.2 years, and 1,418 (58%) started HMV electively. Overall, AHR decreased, with 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.02) hospitalizations/yr after start of HMV, and starting treatment acutely was associated with a greater decrease in AHR. There was no statistically significant difference in AHR in Year 1 between acute and elective start (<i>P</i> = 0.199). The year after the start of HMV, the proportion of patients hospitalized decreased from 84% to 54% (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Initiation of HMV was associated with reduced hospitalization rate in patients with OHS, irrespective of acute or elective start. The majority of patients with OHS are hospitalized in the year of HMV initiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"422-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis of Equivocal Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in a Health Check-up Population.","authors":"Ryosuke Imai, Yutaka Tomishima, Tomoaki Nakamura, Daisuke Yamada, Shosei Ro, Clara So, Kohei Okafuji, Atsushi Kitamura, Naoki Nishimura, Torahiko Jinta","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202408-867OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202408-867OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Equivocal interstitial lung abnormality (ILA) involves less than 5% of any lung zone or presents unilaterally without satisfying the diagnostic criteria for ILA. However, the prevalence and prognosis of equivocal ILA are unknown. <b>Objectives:</b> We sought to investigate the prevalence and long-term prognosis of equivocal ILA. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort study included individuals who underwent chest computed tomography as part of a health check-up program in 2010 at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. ILA and equivocal ILA were diagnosed using the Fleischner Society criteria. The primary outcome was the annual rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline in the groups with ILA, equivocal ILA, and no ILA, evaluated using a mixed-effects model. Radiological progression was also evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Among the 20,896 individuals included in the study, ILA and equivocal ILA were present in 2.0% (95% confidence interval = 1.8-2.2) and 0.4% (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.5) of individuals, respectively. Follow-up pulmonary function tests were available for 18,101 (87%) individuals, with a median follow-up time of 8.3 years (interquartile range = 4.0-9.0). Individuals with equivocal ILA showed a significantly greater rate of FVC decline than those without ILA (-36.7 vs. -27.7 ml/yr; <i>P</i> = 0.008). Of the 86 individuals with equivocal ILA, 20 (23%) exhibited progression during the follow-up period; of these, 19 progressed to definite ILA. <b>Conclusions:</b> Individuals with equivocal ILA showed a significant tendency for FVC decline compared with those without ILA. A considerable number of cases progressed to definite ILA, warranting careful attention. Clinicians should be aware that even mild interstitial changes that do not meet the current criteria for ILA may deteriorate.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"387-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asthma and COVID-19: Unveiling Outcome Disparities and Treatment Impact Based on Distinct Endotypes.","authors":"Benjamin Sines, Cameron B Morrison, Jenna M Donaldson, Asiyah Ahmad, Ashok Krishnamurthy, David B Peden, Camille Ehre","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202405-507OC","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202405-507OC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Epidemiologic studies on patients with asthma and <i>in vitro</i> data suggest a protective role of type 2 (T2) inflammation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. <b>Objectives:</b> Using a large, multisite cohort, we studied clinical outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple asthma endotypes and examined the effects of T2-directed biologics in infected patients with asthma. <b>Methods:</b> The National COVID Cohort Collaborative Data Enclave was used to identify and stratify patients with asthma by endotype to include those with non-T2 and T2 asthma, as well as exposure to T2-directed biologic therapy. We evaluated the risk of hospitalization, invasive mechanical ventilation, and 90-day mortality by endotype and exposure to biologics. <b>Results:</b> For this study, 402,376 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 138,142 (34%) were characterized as having non-T2 asthma and 264,234 (66%) as having T2 asthma, a group further divided into 104,823 (26%) atopic, 84,440 (21%) eosinophilic, and 74,971 (19%) T2-high asthmatic endotypes. Compared with patients with non-T2 asthma, those with atopic and T2-high asthma experienced decreased odds of hospitalization and 90-day mortality. Conversely, patients with eosinophilic asthma experienced higher odds of hospitalization, intubation, and 90-day mortality. Exposure to T2-directed biologic therapies did not alter outcomes after propensity score matching. In contrast, maximum eosinophil count and recent systemic corticosteroid use were directly correlated with increased odds of all outcomes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes differ depending on asthma endotype, with patients with atopic asthma experiencing lower odds and those with eosinophilic asthma experiencing higher odds of deleterious outcomes. T2-directed biologic treatment did not alter these outcomes, but recent systemic corticosteroid use predisposes all patients with asthma to adverse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"339-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keep Your Mouth Shut when Pressured?","authors":"David M Rapoport","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202501-010ED","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202501-010ED","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"327-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Martin and Grasemann: Is There a Role for Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis?","authors":"Mirjam Stahl, Jobst Röhmel, Mark O Wielpütz, Marcus A Mall","doi":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202411-1237LE","DOIUrl":"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202411-1237LE","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93876,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the American Thoracic Society","volume":" ","pages":"469-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}