Annals of Saudi medicine最新文献

{"title":"Re: Humoral immune response to mRNA-based influenza vaccines in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Said Umair Shah, Laiba Malik, Fatima Ajaz Khan, Irsa Nisar, Hassan Albargy","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.308","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.308","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"308-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical pregnancy outcomes following dual versus human chorionic gonadotropin-only trigger in gonadotropin-stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles for unexplained infertility: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Mehtap Akin Efe, Ozlem Dural, Hevra Ekin Ulusoy, Atacem Mert Aytekin, Cemil Akgül","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.295","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unexplained infertility remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Dual trigger, combining gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), has been proposed to more closely mimic the physiological mid-cycle gonadotropin surge than hCG alone in gonadotropin-stimulated intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate whether dual trigger improves biochemical pregnancy outcomes compared with hCG-only trigger in gonadotropin-stimulated IUI cycles.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>Single-center, tertiary referral center.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Between April 2021 and September 2022, 96 patients underwent IUI after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins (53 hCG-only, 43 dual trigger). Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics included female age (29.5±2.5 vs. 27.2±3.5 years), male age (33.3±4.0 vs. 31.6±3.5 years), body mass index (BMI) (24.0 vs. 25.0 kg/m²), gonadotropin dose (median 675 IU), treatment duration (median 9 days), dominant follicle size (18 mm vs. 17 mm), and endometrial thickness (9 mm vs. 8 mm).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Biochemical pregnancy, defined as serum β-hCG ≥5 mIU/mL.</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>96 patients (53 hCG-only, 43 dual trigger).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biochemical pregnancy occurred in 18.6% of the dual trigger group and 11.3% of the hCG-only group (<i>P</i>=.315). The odds of biochemical pregnancy were higher with dual trigger but not statistically significant (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 0.6-5.6). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between infertility duration and biochemical pregnancy (<i>P</i>=.04), with 76.9% of conceptions occurring in women with 2-3 years of infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dual trigger did not significantly improve biochemical pregnancy rates compared with hCG-only trigger (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 0.6-5.6). Infertility duration was the only significant predictor of treatment success. Larger multi-center trials are required due to the current study's limited power.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Retrospective design, single-center setting, and limited sample size may restrict generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population and outcomes of maternal Group B streptococcus colonization at King Saud University Medical City: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Nada Alayed, Hessah AlOthman, Ahmad Almalki, Kazi Nur Asfina, Najma Khalil, Ali Somily, Noor Faraj Alzahrani, Futoon Alsaleh, Layan Alhelal, Noyer Alshaibany, Ahmed Sherif Abdel Hamid Abdel Wahab, Mohamed Adel","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.268","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity, preventable via intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population, evaluate IAP protocol adherence, and identify clinical risk factors and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Single-center retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>Labor and Delivery Suite at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Electronic medical records (July 2021-December 2022) were reviewed for pregnant women (≥35 weeks) who were screened or had GBS bacteriuria, along with their neonates. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population, IAP timing, maternal febrile morbidity, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, and culture-positive sepsis.</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>Of the 5292 deliveries, 688 unscreened elective cesareans were excluded, leaving 4604 screened women and 180 GBS-positive dyads.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of GBS-positive mothers among the screened population was 3.91% (180/4604). Although 67.2% (121/180) of colonized women received IAP, only 15.6% (28/180) received it ≥4 hours before delivery. Maternal febrile morbidity was 0% (0/180). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate was 8.3% (15/180), and culture-positive neonatal sepsis occurred in 1.1% (2/180) of cases. GBS bacteriuria independently predicted adverse neonatal outcomes (aOR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.12-4.92, <i>P</i>=.024), while preterm delivery showed a negative correlation (aOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11-0.76, <i>P</i>=.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proportion of GBS-positive mothers in the screened population is low (3.91%). While perinatal outcomes were generally excellent regardless of antibiotic timing, GBS bacteriuria was identified as a significant, independent predictor of adverse neonatal outcomes. These findings highlight a biologically plausible risk pathway that warrants validation in larger, multi-center prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"268-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sialendoscopy in the management of obstructive sialadenitis: clinical experience and treatment outcomes.","authors":"Majid Althobaiti, Muhammad Usman Amin, Ahmed Elbana, Nader S Alharbi, Lama AhmedAlsamiri, Mubarak Aldossari, Abdulelah Magid Althbety","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.287","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sialadenitis is a common salivary gland disorder. This retrospective study evaluated the outcomes of sialendoscopy in 90 patients treated between July 2018 and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the success rate, complications, and predictors of treatment outcomes of sialendoscopy in patients with obstructive sialadenitis.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Security Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using patient medical records. Patients with obstructive sialadenitis were included.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Success of sialendoscopy, defined as complete endoscopic stone retrieval with confirmed ductal patency on post-retrieval irrigation. Four procedures in which no sialolith was identified intraoperatively were excluded from the stone-retrieval success denominator (n=94 stone-confirmed procedures).</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>Ninety patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Submandibular glands accounted for 74% (67/90) of cases. Success rates for complete stone retrieval were 79% (19/24 parotid) and 79% (55/70 submandibular). Key predictors of success included stone size, location, and number: stones >10 mm (OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.67; <i>P</i>=.01), intraglandular location (OR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.54; <i>P</i>=.005), and multiple stones (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.60; <i>P</i>=.006) significantly reduced success. Complications occurred in 11.2% (11/98) of cases, primarily ductal stenosis and postoperative swelling, with submandibular glands contributing most complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this one of the larger reported single-centre Saudi series, sialendoscopy demonstrated high success for obstructive sialadenitis, with stone size >10 mm, intraglandular location, and multiplicity as independent failure predictors. These findings support tailored approaches in Middle Eastern populations.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Retrospective single-center design, lack of long-term follow-up data, and absence of patient-reported outcome measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"287-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: \"Safety and heterogeneity of mRNA-based seasonal Influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials\".","authors":"Said Umair Shah, Syed Muhammad Momin, Haris Akbar, Syed Hatim Hussain, Laiba Malik, Hassan Albargy","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.304","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"304-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ramadan fasting is associated with reduced penetrating trauma and increased peptic ulcer perforation: a 10-year retrospective analysis.","authors":"Merve Tokocin, Turan Pehlivan, Hakan Yiğitbaş","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.235","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.235","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Ramadan fasting alters neuroendocrine rhythms, nocturnal gastric acid secretion, and population-level social behaviour. Its concurrent impact on acute gastrointestinal complications and on community-level violent trauma in high-volume urban settings remains poorly quantified.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the impact of Ramadan fasting on the frequency of surgical admissions for penetrating trauma, blunt trauma, peptic ulcer perforation (PUP), and acute appendicitis over a 10-year period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective chart review.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Settings: &lt;/strong&gt;İstanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Türkiye (Tertiary Academic Referral Hospital).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Emergency admissions requiring surgical intervention between 2016 and 2025 were reviewed. Ramadan periods were compared with equivalent non-Ramadan periods using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, reporting incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals. Matched calendar-month, ±30-day adjacent-window, and season-stratified sensitivity analyses were performed. Bonferroni-adjusted &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values are also reported; primary conclusions are based on uncorrected values (threshold &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Comparative frequencies of penetrating trauma and PUP admissions during Ramadan versus non-Ramadan periods; secondary outcomes were blunt trauma and acute appendicitis admissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sample size: &lt;/strong&gt;20 968 emergency cases meeting the inclusion criteria (12 162 males, 8806 females).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cases comprised 1549 penetrating trauma, 3619 blunt trauma, 776 PUP, and 2920 acute appendicitis. Penetrating trauma admissions were significantly lower during Ramadan [9.7 (2.8) vs 13.2 (2.6) cases per month; IRR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.93; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.049], predominantly among males (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.021) and during evening and early morning hours. PUP admissions were significantly higher during Ramadan [10.5 (4.6) vs 6.1 (2.3); IRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.24-2.39; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.041], particularly in males (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.048), peaking in the early morning. A significant pandemic-period interaction was identified for PUP [&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.031 (interaction test)], the excess being larger in 2022-2025. No significant differences were observed for blunt trauma [26.4 (3.2) vs 30.5 (3.1); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.201] or acute appendicitis [22.5 (3.1) vs 24.5 (3.0); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.392].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Ramadan fasting is associated with a reduced admission frequency of penetrating trauma and an increased admission frequency of PUP, predominantly in male patients, highlighting opportunities for targeted prevention and resource planning. Multicentre prospective studies incorporating individual fasting status are warranted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;Single-centre design. Potential unmeasured confounders, incl","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of lung cancer in never-smokers: a multicenter Saudi cohort.","authors":"Mohammed Ternati, Abdulmajeed Qashqari, Ihab Alshelli, Sarah Alrasheed, Liju Ahmed, Ala Eddin S Sagar","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.243","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.243","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Lung cancer in never-smokers represents a distinct clinical and biologic entity. However, its epidemiologic characteristics remain incompletely described in the Middle East.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To characterize lung cancer in never-smokers and compare it with ever-smokers in a multicenter Saudi cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective multicenter cohort study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Setting: &lt;/strong&gt;Three tertiary-care centers of King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre system in Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Patients and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Adults with histologically confirmed primary lung cancer diagnosed between January 2020 and December 2024 were classified as never- or ever-smokers. Carcinoid tumors were excluded from the comparative analysis. Demographic, histologic, stage, and molecular characteristics were compared. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with never-smoker status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Clinical, histologic, stage, and molecular differences between never-smokers and ever-smokers expressed as crude and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sample size: &lt;/strong&gt;301 patients reviewed; 253 in the primary analytic cohort (92 never-smokers, 161 ever-smokers).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 280 patients with available smoking history, 253 were included after excluding 27 carcinoid tumors (92 never-smokers [36%] and 161 ever-smokers [63.6%]). Never-smokers were mostly females (64/92 (70%) vs 12/161 (7.5%); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001) and younger than ever-smokers [mean age 59.2 (standard deviation 13.5) vs 62.3 (11.1) years; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.065]. Adenocarcinoma predominated among never-smokers (81/92 (88%) vs 108/161 (67.1%); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001). Among patients tested, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations(34/86 (39.5%) vs 12/128 (9.4%); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001) and Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements [17/86 (20%) vs 9/128 (7.0%); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.01] were significantly more frequent in never-smokers, whereas KRAS alterations were more common in ever-smokers [6/86 (7%) vs 21/128 (16.4%); &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.068]. Stage III-IV disease was common in both groups (70% vs 72%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.783). In multivariable analysis, female sex [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 31.9, 95% CI 14.2-71.6; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001] and adenocarcinoma histology (adjusted OR 5.3, 95% CI 2.0-14.2; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001) were independently associated with never-smoker status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In this multi-center Saudi cohort, more than one-third of lung cancers occurred in never-smokers, characterized by female predominance, adenocarcinoma histology, and frequent EGFR and ALK alterations. These findings support comprehensive molecular testing regardless of smoking history and underscore the need for strategies to improve early recognition of lung cancer in never-smokers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective design, incomplete molecula","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"243-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal oral glucose tolerance test parameters and neonatal hearing screening outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Pınar Tuğçe Özer, Meriç Balıkoğlu, Gülin Okay, Mehmet Özer, Ceyda Üste, Asli Kızılgüneşler Aslan","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.277","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and may influence fetal neurosensory development, particularly auditory function. However, evidence regarding its effect on neonatal hearing screening remains inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the association between maternal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) glucose levels (fasting, 60-minute, and 120-minute) and neonatal hearing screening outcomes, and to explore whether maternal glycemic status, including GDM, affects early auditory function in newborns.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary university hospital (Izmir University of Economics Medical Point Hospital) between 2015 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Patients (materials) and methods: </strong>Singleton pregnancies with available 75-g OGTT data and corresponding neonatal hearing screening results were included. Maternal glucose levels (fasting, 60-, and 120-minute) were analyzed according to hearing screening outcomes (pass or refer). Non-parametric tests were applied.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Failure in neonatal hearing screening and its association with maternal OGTT parameters.</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>A total of 463 mother-newborn pairs were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-minute OGTT glucose levels differed significantly across hearing screening outcome groups (<i>P</i>=.003). Mothers of infants with bilateral hearing screening failure had significantly higher 60-minute glucose levels compared to those whose infants passed (<i>P</i>=.004). No significant associations were observed for fasting or 120-minute glucose levels. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, no independent association was identified between maternal OGTT parameters and hearing screening failure after adjustment for mode of delivery and parity. Additionally, no significant associations were found between OGTT values and neonatal anthropometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated postprandial glucose levels may be associated with early alterations in neonatal hearing screening results; however, maternal glucose parameters were not significantly associated with hearing screening failure. These findings suggest that observed abnormalities may reflect transient functional changes rather than permanent auditory impairment.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Retrospective design, lack of confirmatory auditory brainstem response testing in all cases, and potential influence of unmeasured neonatal and perinatal confounders.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 4","pages":"277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148698482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal polyp detection: a regional, single-center retrospective study.","authors":"Jianan Tao, Xuehong Wang, Shenghui Wei, Xiuzhen Zhao","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.151","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal polyps are the most important precursor lesions of colorectal cancer. Their epidemiological characteristics and risk factors exhibit substantial regional and population-based variations. Qinghai Province, located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, is characterized by a unique hypoxic environment and a multi-ethnic population. However, large-scale epidemiological data on colorectal polyps in this region is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize the detection rate, temporal trends, demographic distribution, and risk factors for colorectal polyps in Qinghai Province.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A single tertiary medical center in Qinghai Province, China.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We enrolled 33059 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital (2021-2025). Data on demographics and endoscopic findings were collected. Temporal trends were analyzed using the linear-by-linear association LLA test, and independent risk factors were identified by binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Colorectal polyp detection rate and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>33059 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall colorectal polyp detection rate was 31.82% (10519/33059), with a slight upward trend over the study period. Rates were significantly higher in males (39.01%) than females (24.04%) and increased sharply with age. Multivariable analysis identified male sex (OR=2.493, 95 %CI:2.106-2.950, <i>P</i><.001), age 41-64 years (OR=2.535, 95% CI:2.056-3.125, <i>P</i><.001), and age ≥65 years (OR=4.379, 95% CI:3.328-5.761, <i>P</i><.001) as independent risk factors. Tibetan and Hui ethnicities were associated with lower risk compared with Han (OR=0.611, 95% CI:0.448-0.833, <i>P</i>=.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Colorectal polyp detection is high and rising in Qinghai. Male sex and advanced age are major risk factors. Notably, Tibetan or Hui ethnicity appear as potential protective factors, offering new insights into genetic interactions that may inform region-specific screening strategies.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Single-center retrospective design, potential selection bias, lack of lifestyle and metabolic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 3","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related patterns in hysterectomy: indications and surgical route selection in a three-year tertiary-center cohort.","authors":"Havva Betül Bacak, Enes Serhat Coșkun","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.178","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2026.178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hysterectomy indications and surgical route selection may vary with age due to shifting case mix.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe age-stratified hysterectomy indications and routes and identify factors independently associated with route selection.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Settings: </strong>Single-center, tertiary-care teaching and research hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hysterectomies performed for benign or premalignant indications between 2022 and 2024 were identified and verified. Patients were grouped according to age [<50, 50-59, or ≥60 years]. Indications were assigned using PALM-COEIN and grouped clinically. Routes were categorized as open abdominal, laparoscopic/VNOTES, or vaginal. Comparisons used Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. Multinomial and binary logistic regression adjusted for age group, parity, comorbidity, smoking, and prior pelvic/abdominal surgery.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>age-stratified hysterectomy route and age-stratified indications and predictors of minimally invasive versus open surgery.</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>769 hysterectomies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary indications differed significantly by age group (<i>P</i><.001; Cramer's V=0.38): treatment-resistant abnormal uterine bleeding predominated in patients <50 and 50-59 years, whereas pelvic organ prolapse predominated in patients ≥60 years. Surgical route also varied by age (<i>P</i><.001; Cramer's V=0.34): open abdominal hysterectomy decreased from 47.3% in patients <50 years to 15.3% in those ≥60 years, while vaginal hysterectomy increased from 4.0% to 52.6%. In multinomial regression, age ≥60 years was associated with higher odds of laparoscopic/VNOTES versus open surgery (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.08-3.61) and vaginal versus open surgery (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 21.60, 95% confidence interval, CI 10.02-46.60). In binary regression, age ≥60 years (aOR 4.18, 95% CI 2.41-7.26) and parity (aOR 1.18 per birth, 95% CI 1.06-1.32) favored minimally invasive surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age-related indication shifts accompanied major route changes, with greater vaginal and minimally invasive use among older patients.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Single-center retrospective design; residual confounding by indication and uterine size; conversions and standardized complications were not analyzed; unmeasured clinical/surgeon factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":93875,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi medicine","volume":"46 3","pages":"178-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13308740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}