Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research最新文献

{"title":"Minor Cannabinoid Profile of Unregulated Cannabidiol Products.","authors":"Erin Johnson, Michael Kilgore, Paul Nuzzo, Shanna Babalonis","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0058","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Although the majority of cannabinoid research has focused on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), there is increasing interest in the therapeutic effects of other phytocannabinoid compounds (i.e., minor cannabinoids), as there is little known about their effects or interaction with CBD. The current study objective was to determine the concentrations of 15 minor cannabinoids in unregulated, over-the-counter CBD products. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-section sample of 80 local and national brands of hemp-derived oil products was purchased both online and in local retail outlets in central Kentucky. Epidiolex® was included as a regulated control. Samples from each product were extracted by solvent extraction and quantified by liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. The targeted cannabinoids were: cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidivarinic acid, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid, Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-A, Δ⁸-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁸-THC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid, cannabinol (CBN), cannabinolic acid, cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabicyclolic acid, cannabichromene (CBC) and cannabichromenic acid. <b>Results:</b> Among the unregulated products included in this analysis, the most frequently detected minor cannabinoids were CBDV (100% of samples tested), CBG (77%), CBC (72%), CBN (67%), CBL (67%), and CBDA (51%). Δ⁸-THC was not detected in any of the products tested. Concentrations of these cannabinoids varied widely from trace concentrations to several mg/mL (e.g., CBDA: 0.006-12.258 mg/mL). <b>Conclusions:</b> These data indicate CBD products often contain minor cannabinoids, although the array and concentrations of these cannabinoids vary widely across products. The concentrations of these minor cannabinoids are largely absent from product labels, leaving consumers uninformed about product contents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"220-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Hemp-Derived \"Full-Spectrum\" Oral Cannabinoid Product with a 1:1 Ratio of Cannabidiol to Cannabidiolic Acid and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol to Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Within-Subjects Human Laboratory Study.","authors":"Harrison J Elder, C Austin Zamarripa, McKenna Klausner, Joseph Wakshlag, Robert Davis, Beth Dresser, Christian Kjaer, Elise M Weerts, Ryan Vandrey, Tory R Spindle","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0187","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To examine the acute pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a patented oral cannabinoid product containing a botanical hemp-derived \"full-spectrum\" extract with an approximate 1:1 ratio of cannabidiol (CBD) to cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA). <b>Methods:</b> Healthy adults (<i>n</i> = 15) ingested soft gels containing 0 (placebo), and approximately 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg of total cannabinoids (combination of CBD, CBDA, THC, THCA, and other minor cannabinoids) in an ascending-dose order in four experimental sessions separated by ≥1 week (the placebo condition occurred randomly within the dose sequence). Mean doses (mg) of primary cannabinoids in the active drug conditions were: 1 mg/kg condition (CBD = 41.1, CBDA = 43.7, THC = 2.2, THCA = 1.6), 2 mg/kg condition (CBD = 73.4, CBDA = 77.9, THC = 3.9, THCA = 2.9), and 4 mg/kg condition (CBD = 134.5, CBDA = 142.8, THC = 7.2, THCA = 5.3). PD outcomes (subjective, cognitive, and physiological effects) were measured before and repeatedly for 8 h after dosing. Plasma specimens were collected throughout the 8-h sessions and at 24- and 48-h post-dosing. PK outcomes included peak plasma concentration (<i>C</i>_max) and time to maximum concentration (<i>T</i>_max). <b>Results:</b> For PD outcomes, few differences were observed between 1 mg/kg and placebo. However, relative to placebo, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg produced small to moderate increases in subjective drug effects, including abuse liability items (e.g., \"like\"), and 4 mg/kg also impaired working memory performance. Generally, PD effects peaked 3-5 h post-dosing and returned to baseline by 8 h. Dose-orderly increases in <i>C</i>_max were observed for CBD, CBDA, THC, THCA, and their respective metabolites (e.g., 7-COOH-CBD, THCCOOH), which were often detectable 48 h post-dosing. Across all doses, <i>C</i>_max for CBDA and THCA was 19-25-fold higher and <i>T</i>_max was up to 2-fold earlier compared with CBD and THC, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Acute administration of a \"full-spectrum\" hemp-derived cannabinoid product produced dose-orderly effects; the highest dose elicited several adverse events and produced moderate cognitive impairment and subjective intoxication, despite containing a relatively low dose of THC (mean: 7.2 mg). Carboxylated cannabinoids (e.g., CBDA) exhibited substantially greater bioavailability and faster absorption compared with decarboxylated cannabinoids (e.g., CBD). Additional systematic research is needed to characterize how constituent profile impacts the effects of cannabinoid products, and more studies directly comparing carboxylated and decarboxylated compounds appear warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e299-e313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of Cannabidiol on the Progression of Experimental Hepatic Cirrhosis in Rats.","authors":"Daisy Flores-Cortez, Eduardo Villalobos-Pacheco, Cecilia Ignacio-Punin, Guiselle Gutierrez-Guerra, Javier Tovar-Brandan, Juan Rodriguez-Tafur","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0285","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Liver cirrhosis is a condition characterized by the gradual replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, ultimately leading to liver failure. This slow and progressive disease begins with a chronic inflammatory process induced by a noxious agent. In its advanced stages, the disease lacks effective therapies. Research has demonstrated the significant involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of cannabidiol (CBD) in the progression of experimental hepatic cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. <b>Methods:</b> A randomized experimental design was employed using Holtzman rats. Hepatic cirrhosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 6 weeks, with treatment initiated additionally. The groups were as follows: Group 1: TAA + vehicle; Group 2: TAA + CBD 2 mg/kg; Group 3: TAA + CBD 9 mg/kg; Group 4: TAA + CBD 18 mg/kg; Group 5: TAA + silymarin 50 mg/kg; and Group 6: Healthy control. Serum biochemical analysis (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin) and hepatic histopathological study were performed. The Knodell histological activity index (HAI) was determined, considering periportal necrosis, intralobular degeneration, portal inflammation, fibrosis, and focal necrosis. <b>Results:</b> All groups receiving TAA exhibited an elevation in AST levels; however, only those treated with CBD at doses of 2 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg did not experience significant changes compared to their baseline values (152.8 and 135.7 IU/L, respectively). Moreover, ALT levels in animals treated with CBD showed no significant variation compared to baseline. The HAI of hepatic tissue was notably lower in animals treated with CBD at doses of 9 and 18 mg/kg, scoring 3.0 and 3.25, respectively, in contrast to the TAA + vehicle group, which recorded a score of 7.00. Animals treated with CBD at 18 mg/kg showed a reduced degree of fibrosis and necrosis compared to those receiving TAA alone (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings demonstrate that cannabidiol exerts a hepatoprotective effect in the development of experimental hepatic cirrhosis induced in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"228-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Public Will Meets Legislative Resistance: Five Lessons from Ohio's Issue 2 Cannabis Legalization Controversy.","authors":"Bryant M Stone","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0022","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, I explore the challenges of legalizing cannabis in Ohio, focusing on the passing of the Issue 2 Bill, legislative resistance, and public response. I propose five strategies for effective policy change: persistent advocacy post policy change success, establishing strong coalitions, empowering grassroots movements, promoting rigorous data-driven research, and launching public education campaigns. I offer a detailed analysis of the interaction between public opinion and legislative action in cannabis legalization and its implications for substance-related policy change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e371-e372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Enhances the Anticancer Activity of Etoposide on Prostate Cancer Cells.","authors":"Yalcin Erzurumlu, Deniz Catakli","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0284","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2023.0284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> <i>Cannabis sativa</i> extract has been used as an herbal medicine since ancient times. It is one of the most researched extracts, especially among supportive treatments against cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancer types in men worldwide and an estimated 288,300 new cases were diagnosed in 2023. Today, many advanced therapeutic approaches are used for prostate cancer, such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy, but acquired drug resistance, long-term drug usage and differentiation of cancer cells mostly restricted the efficiency of therapies. Therefore, it is thought that the use of natural products to overcome these limitations and improve the effectiveness of existing therapies may offer promising approaches. The present study focused on the investigation of the possible enhancer role of cannabidiol (CBD), which is a potent ingredient compound of Cannabis, on the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide in prostate cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> Herein, we tested the potentiator role of CBD on etoposide in prostate cancer cells by testing the cytotoxic effect, morphological alterations, apoptotic effects, autophagy, unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation mechanism (ERAD), angiogenic and androgenic factors, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, we examined the combined treatment of CBD and etoposide on colonial growth, migrative, invasive capability, 3D tumor formation, and cellular senescence. <b>Results:</b> Our findings demonstrated that cotreatment of etoposide with CBD importantly suppressed autophagic flux and induced ERAD and UPR signaling in LNCaP cells. Also, CBD strongly enhanced the etoposide-mediated suppression of androgenic signaling, angiogenic factor VEGF-A, protooncogene c-Myc, EMT, and also induced apoptosis through activation caspase-3 and PARP-1. Moreover, coadministration markedly decreased tumorigenic properties, such as proliferative capacity, colonial growth, migration, and 3D tumor formation and also induced senescence. Altogether, our data revealed that CBD has a potent enhancer effect on etoposide-associated anticancer activities. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study suggests that the use of CBD as a supportive therapy in existing chemotherapeutic approaches may be a promising option, but this effectiveness needs to be investigated on a large scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"258-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cannabis Use with Complications Among Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Insights from National Inpatient Sample.","authors":"Avneet Kaur, Ishandeep Singh, Isha Kohli, Sahiljot Singh Bhupal, Jay Patel, Nikki Nikzad, Aalam Sohal, Juliana Yang","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"10.1089/can.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objective:</b> Cannabis, one of the most widely used recreational drug in the United States, has had a significant surge in usage following its legalization in 1996. In recent years, there has been research into the physiological effects of cannabis on the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Our study aims to systematically examine the association between cannabis use and complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We queried the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample database to identify patient encounters with GERD. Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis or missing demographics were excluded. We compared patient demographics, comorbidities, and complications among cannabis users and nonusers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between cannabis use and complications of GERD. <b>Results:</b> A total of 27.2 million patient encounters were included in the analysis, out of which 507,190 were cannabis users. Majority of the cannabis users were aged between 45-64 years (46.6%), males (57.4%), White (63.84%), and belonged to the lowest income quartile (40.6%). Cannabis users demonstrated a higher prevalence of esophagitis compared to nonusers (6.11% vs. 3.23%, <i>p</i><0.001). However, they exhibited a lower rates of esophageal stricture (0.6% vs. 0.8%, <i>p</i><0.001) and esophageal cancer (0.2% vs. 0.24%, <i>p</i><0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, cannabis users were noted to have higher odds of esophagitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-1.39, <i>p</i><0.001). A lower odds of esophageal stricture (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81-0.96, <i>p</i>=0.02) and esophageal cancer (aOR: 0.48,95% CI: 0.42-0.57, <i>p</i><0.001) were noted. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our cross-sectional study using the nationally available database indicates an association between cannabis use and higher odds of esophagitis, along with lower odds of esophageal stricture and cancer. While these findings suggest a potential relationship between cannabis use and esophageal complications, it is limited in establishing causality. Therefore, further long-term studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind this association and to determine if cannabis use has an impact on esophagus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":"e333-e340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Cannabinoids Administered via a Novel Orobuccal Nanoparticle Formulation (NanoCelle™) in Patients with Advanced Cancer.","authors":"Stephanie E Reuter, Hayley B Schultz, Andrew J McLachlan, Jeremy D Henson, Luis Vitetta","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The administration of cannabinoids for disease and symptom management such as pain continues to elicit significant interest, albeit limited information that is available regarding their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to guide clinical practice. Cannabis-based medicines contain a wide variety of chemical compounds, of which the most common include the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9THC), and the nonpsychomimetic cannabidiol (CBD). The pharmacokinetics of cannabis-based medicines and the effects observed depend on the formulation and route of administration. THC and CBD are subject to extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism and pharmacokinetic drug interactions, the latter via inhibition or induction of enzymes and transporters. This study was conducted to describe the pharmacokinetics of CBD, THC, and its metabolites following orobuccal administration, providing pivotal information to guide the clinical development program of a self-assembled micellized nanoparticle formulation containing 1:1 Δ9THC and CBD. <b>Methods:</b> Pharmacokinetic data was obtained from a phase 1, two-stage study in patients with advanced cancer, and modelled using a population pharmacokinetic approach. To provide an indication of predicted exposure with multiple dosing, the final population pharmacokinetic models were used to simulate concentration-time profiles for each of the active compounds. <b>Results:</b> The developed population pharmacokinetic models provided important information on the bioavailability of CBD and THC, with estimated values of 10% and 27%, respectively. These values were approximately two-fold greater than that which has been previously described for oromucosal formulations. <b>Discussion:</b> This enhanced bioavailability can most likely be attributed to the NanoCelle® technology. This technology provides evidence to support the application of this innovative drug delivery platform to overcome limitations associated with cannabinoid administration for therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood Sociodemographic Correlates of Cannabis Dispensary Availability in States with Legalized Adult Recreational Use, United States, 2021.","authors":"Bryce C Lowery, Madison R E Swayne, Amanda Y Kong","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The availability of recreational cannabis in the United States has increased dramatically. Neighborhood cannabis dispensary availability may increase problematic use. State and local studies suggest that cannabis dispensary availability may be correlated with neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. We provide a national-level examination of census tract (CT) sociodemographic characteristic correlates with the availability of cannabis dispensaries in 18 U.S. states that have legalized adult recreational cannabis use. <b>Methods:</b> We downloaded the locations of cannabis dispensaries (<i>N</i> = 3,167) from Weedmaps in November 2021. We downloaded ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic estimates from the U.S. Census and categorized CTs into quintiles (Q), where Q1 represents the CTs with the lowest percentage of a variable and Q5 represents CTs with the highest. We fit unadjusted generalized linear mixed models to examine associations between quintiles of each sociodemographic characteristic and the presence of at least one dispensary (vs. none). <b>Results:</b> CTs with a greater percentage of Black residents had a higher odds of having at least one cannabis dispensary (vs. none) across all quintiles. For example, compared to CTs with the lowest percentage of Black residents (Q1), CTs with the greatest percentage of Black residents (Q5) had 2.07 (95% CI: 1.70-2.52) times the odds of having at least one dispensary versus none. We observed a similar pattern of a greater likelihood of a CT having a dispensary (vs. none) as the percentage of Hispanic/Latine residents and percentage of individuals living below the federal poverty line increased across all quintiles. In contrast, as the percentage of homeowner-occupied housing increased across all quintiles, there were lower odds of having at least one dispensary (vs. none). For example, CTs with the highest percentage of homeowner-occupied housing (vs. lowest) had 0.21 (95% CI: 0.17-0.26) times the odds of having at least one dispensary vs. none. <b>Discussion/Conclusions:</b> Differences in cannabis dispensary availability exist by neighborhood sociodemographic composition. The growing acceptance of cannabis, concern about public health and safety, and the proliferation of adult recreational use laws offer local and state policymakers an opportunity to engage local communities in shared decision-making about the location of dispensaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Disease Symptoms Self-Managed by Cannabis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study.","authors":"Nicole O'Dell, Amrit Baral, Marvin Reid, Bria-Necole A Diggs, Jessica Y Islam, Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Johis Ortega, Denise C Vidot","doi":"10.1089/can.2023.0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2023.0234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted billions of people worldwide, particularly those with chronic health conditions, and has been associated with increases in substance use, including cannabis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cannabis use for symptom management of chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods:</b> The COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study is an ongoing study among adults ≥18 who self-report cannabis use. Analyses included 1,466 responses received between March 21, 2020, and March 23, 2022, from participants who self-reported cannabis use and a chronic health condition. We examined comorbidities, symptoms managed with cannabis during the COVID-19 pandemic, and fear regarding COVID-19 diagnosis and transmission using the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared, and T-tests were conducted. Results were stratified by those who reported using cannabis to manage a chronic health condition (medicinal cannabis user, <i>n</i> = 1,333) and those who did not use cannabis to manage chronic health condition (non-medicinal cannabis user, <i>n</i> = 133). <b>Results:</b> Most (90.9%, <i>n</i> = 1,333) of the total sample (mean age: 47.1 years [standard deviations {SD} = 15.0]) reported using cannabis to manage a chronic health condition, of which 46.1% (<i>n</i> = 615) reported having a medical card/recommendation, and 4.6% received recommendations to use cannabis to manage COVID-19 from health professionals. There were significant differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education by medicinal cannabis use status. Comorbidities prevalent among medicinal cannabis consumers were mental health-related (66.1%), pain (58.5%), cardiometabolic-related (30.5%), immune-related (21.9%), and respiratory-related (20.8%). The most reported symptoms self-managed with cannabis during the pandemic were sleep (69.2%), chronic noncancer pain (49.7%), acute pain (46.5%), headaches/migraines (39.0%), muscle spasms (33.6%), nausea/vomiting (30.6%), and appetite stimulant (29.9%). There were no statistical differences in COVID-19 testing, fear of diagnosis, fear of transmission, or isolation due to COVID-19 between medicinal and nonmedicinal cannabis consumers in this sample. <b>Conclusions:</b> The perceived therapeutic benefit of cannabis during the COVID-19 pandemic is evident by the high prevalence of adults who reported using cannabis for medicinal reasons despite no recommendation from their health provider. Research is necessary to understand the prospective impact of cannabis use for self-management of chronic disease, especially within the context of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143498940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Therapeutic Cannabinoids in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Parsa Karimi, Maria Sunil, Russell Leong, Jose Luis Ramirez-GarciaLuna, Elyanne Ratcliffe, Gregorio Zuniga-Villanueva","doi":"10.1089/can.2024.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2024.0104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis; although some gastrointestinal adverse events have been reported with therapeutic cannabinoids in children, the complete profile of gastrointestinal adverse events in the pediatric population remains unknown. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify the prevalence of gastrointestinal adverse events from therapeutic cannabinoids in children. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A literature search of OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library was performed from inception to May 19, 2023. Selected studies included randomized controlled trials, retrospective cohort studies, uncontrolled before-after studies, and observational retrospective studies in English, French, or Spanish that reported gastrointestinal adverse events in the pediatric population under therapeutic cannabinoid interventions. The study was registered with PROSPERO and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guidelines. A random-effects model was used to pool and analyze the extracted data. Extracted data included the presence of adverse gastrointestinal events by analyzing the type of cannabinoid, duration of treatment, dosage, and type of study. A subgroup meta-analysis was also performed, focusing on patients' conditions. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-five studies were included, comprising 1,201 pediatric patients receiving therapeutic cannabinoids, of whom 451 experienced gastrointestinal adverse events, representing a cumulative prevalence of 33.91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.49% to 49.04%). Interventional studies reported a higher prevalence of GI adverse events (47.36%; 95% CI: 31% to 64%) compared with observational studies (17.6%; 95% CI: 8.5% to 32.7%). As most studies focused on patients with epilepsy, a subanalysis was performed within this population, revealing that patients with Dravet syndrome had a higher prevalence of diarrhea compared with other types of epilepsy (21.75%; 95% CI: 8.52% to 45.34% vs. 5.95%; 95% CI: 3.11% to 11.1%). <b>Discussion:</b> This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of gastrointestinal adverse events in children receiving therapeutic cannabinoids, with some populations, such as those with Dravet syndrome, being at higher risk than others. With the increased public discourse of cannabinoids being \"natural\" and mistakenly equating them as \"risk-free,\" this information can help clinicians educate patients and the broader public on the adverse effects profile of these treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9386,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}