Cancer Cell International最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic value of natural killer T cell related genes in acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Qiong Liu, Zhaona Zhou, Ping Xu, Shuoye Li, Xiuli Bu, Jian Zhang, Jun Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03779-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03779-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by complex immune microenvironment. This study aims to identify immune-related prognostic biomarkers in AML.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiple public sequencing datasets were utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AML. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were also performed. Immune cell infiltration was assessed at the single-cell level. NKT cell marker genes were intersected with the most AML-relevant module genes to identify key genes. Prognostic genes were screened using the Cox Lasso regression model, and their prognostic value was evaluated with Cox random forest and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Gene expression was validated using RT-qPCR and Western blot, and immune cell levels were analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,919 common DEGs were obtained between AML and controls. WGCNA revealed that the brown module was most strongly associated with AML. Single-cell analysis showed that NKT cell infiltration was significantly reduced in AML patients, consistent with ssGSEA results. Forty intersecting genes were identified between NKT cell marker genes and brown module genes. Cox Lasso regression identified 10 prognostic genes (FGFBP2, GZMB, GZMH, IKZF3, IL2RB, KLRB1, KLRC2, RHOF, RUNX3, and STAT4). A risk score model based on these genes stratified AML patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with significant differences in survival prognosis between the two groups. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses showed that these genes were significantly downregulated in AML patients. Flow cytometry results revealed significantly lower levels of NKT and CD8 + T cells in AML patients compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key prognostic genes in AML and highlighted the critical role of NKT cells in AML pathogenesis. The study provides new insights and potential biomarkers for understanding AML biology, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and validation of platinum resistance signature in gastric cancer.","authors":"Wenjing Yan, Nan Zhu, Yupeng Zhao, Qingqing Sang, Jianfang Li, Bingya Liu, Zhongyin Yang, Beiqin Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03777-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03777-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platinum was the first drug with proven activity against gastric cancer (GC), the combination with fluoropyrimidine is the standard first-line systemic therapy for patients of GC. However, a major cause of treatment failure still is the existence of drug resistance. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate the platinum-related genes in GC and to construct a multi-gene joint signature for predicting the prognosis of GC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on 326 platinum-related genes from GeneCards, GO and KEGG analysis were applied for differentially expressed genes in GC, UniCox regression analysis was used to select effective genes and Lasso-Cox regression was utilized to construct a prognosis model. Stratified analysis, CNV landscape, TMB and MSI status, HLA gene expression, GSEA and GSVA analysis, immune activities, immunotherapy sensitivities were evaluated in the resistant high and low groups. Drug resistant cell lines, PDO and PDX models were used to validate this signature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GO analysis of 140 differentially expressed genes were involved in many processes and KEGG pathways were enriched in platinum resistance and cancer. UniCox regression analysis was screened out 21 genes and conducted a platinum resistance scoring model. Stratified analysis indicated that the drug resistance score had a good predictive value in subgroups divided by T-stage, age and race. CNV changes were more occurred in the score-high group, and most model genes were negatively correlated with TMB, MSI and HLA gene expression. The immune score in resistant group was significantly higher, within more mast cell, regulatory T cell and dendritic cell infiltrated in. In vitro and in vivo models showed that 21 platinum resistance genes had varying degrees of upregulation under CDDP chemotherapy pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 21 gene-signature for platinum was developed to predict response to platinum chemotherapy for GC patients. It is worthwhile to further evaluate the molecular biology and the clinical applications of this signature.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germline variants in patients from the Iranian hereditary colorectal cancer registry.","authors":"Lena Goshayeshi, Saeed Hoorang, Benyamin Hoseini, Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan, Maryam Afrazeh, Maliheh Alimardani, Fatemeh Maghool, Milad Shademan, Morteza Zahedi, Mehrdad Zeinalian, Foroogh Alborzi, Mohammad Reza Keramati, Ashkan Torshizian, Hassan Vosoghinia, Farnood Rajabzadeh, Alireza Bary, Massih Bahar, Ali Javadmanesh, Jamshid Sorouri-Khorashad, Mohammad Hassan Emami, Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani, Hans F A Vasen, Ladan Goshayeshi, Hesam Dehghani","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03773-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03773-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Hereditary cancer syndromes account for 6-10% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 20% of early-onset CRC. Identifying novel pathogenic germline variants can impact genetic testing, counseling, and surveillance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of germline variants associated with hereditary CRC in the Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on DNA from 101 patients in the Iranian Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry (IHCCR). The cohort included 63 high-risk Lynch Syndrome (LS) patients and 38 colorectal polyposis patients. Germline variants and phenotype spectrum were assessed. Relatives of individuals with the mutations received counseling and cascade testing. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were conducted to elucidate gene roles on protein function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were identified in Lynch-related genes in 36.51% of patients. P/LP variants in non-Lynch genes (ATM, FH (mono-allelic), MSH3, PMS1, and TP53) were identified in 26.98% of patients. Among polyposis patients, 50% had P/LP variants in the APC gene, and 15.79% had P/LP variants in the MUTYH gene. Additionally, 7.89% carried P/LP variants in non-FAP/MAP genes (BLM, BRCA2, and PTEN). MLH1 variants were most common in exons 10 and 18, MSH2 in exon 12, and APC gene in exon 16. Cascade testing identified 50% of the tested relatives (40/80). Topology analysis of the protein-protein interaction networks in high-risk LS cases highlighted stronger connections among nodes for genes such as TP53, ATM, POLD1, CDH1, MUTYH, WRN, NOTCH1, SMAD4, ERCC4, ERCC1, and MSH3. These genes were associated with high penetrance in CRC. The protein-protein interaction analyses of polyposis patients indicated that genes like POLE, MSH6, MSH2, BRCA2, BRCA1, MLH1, TOPBP1, BLM, RAD50, MUTYH, MSH3, MLH3, PTEN, BRIP1, and POLK had a higher degree value and were also associated with high penetrance. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed that some of the top-scoring non-Lynch genes were TP53, ATM, POLD1, CDH1, MUTYH, WRN, NOTCH1, SMAD4, ERCC4, ERCC1, and MSH3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study identified crucial germline variants for hereditary polyposis and non-polyposis CRC pathogenesis in the Iranian population. A selective strategy and cascade genetic testing are recommended for the diagnosis of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel mitochondrial quality regulation gene signature for anticipating prognosis, TME, and therapeutic response in LUAD by multi-omics analysis and experimental verification.","authors":"Lijun Zeng, Sixuan Wu, Zhimin Li, Yuanbin Tang, Yeru Tan, Renji Liang, Yuehua Li","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03764-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03764-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mitochondrial quality-related genes (MQRGs) contribute to the genesis and advancement of tumors. Despite advances in LUAD treatment and detection, early diagnostic biomarkers are still lacking, and the roles of MQRGs in LUAD are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extensively examined transcriptome and clinical data from TCGA and GEO databases to discover differentially expressed MQRGs. Utilizing the LASSO algorithm and multivariate COX regression, a predictive risk model was created. Kaplan-Meier study and ROC curves were implemented to predict patient prognosis, resulting in a new Mitochondrial Quality Regulation Gene Signature for accurate prognosis forecasting. R software and packages facilitated statistical, consensus cluster, survival, Cox regression, Lasso regression, and tumor microenvironment analyses. Model-related gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, single-cell sequencing, HPA data, and UNCAN data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We created a concise risk model using four MQRGs (STRAP, SHCBP1, PKP2, and CRTAC1) to forecast overall survival in LUAD patients. High-risk patients experienced significantly lower survival rates. Functional analysis linked these MQRGs to alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathways. Moreover, the tumor immune microenvironment supports previous findings that higher CD8 + T cell infiltration improves LUAD outcomes. Analysis of different risk scores showed increased activated memory T-cell CD4, suggesting its activation is crucial for LUAD prognosis. Nomograms were generated with clinical data and the MQRGscore model. mRNA and IHC analysis manifested significantly upregulated STRAP, SHCBP1, and PKP2 expression and mitigated CRTAC1 expression in the LUAD contrasted with normal lung tissue. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings, aligning with TCGA data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We created a succinct MQRGs risk model to ascertain the LUAD patient's prognosis, potentially offering a novel method for diagnosing and treating this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.","authors":"Hongshu Li, Ying Chang, Tiefeng Jin, Meihua Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03769-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03769-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with substantial recurrence potential. Currently, surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments for this disease. However, chemotherapy is often limited by several factors, including low bioavailability, significant systemic toxicity, inadequate targeting, and multidrug resistance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including those targeting programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), have been proven effective in the treatment of various tumours. In particular, in the treatment of TNBC with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, both monotherapy and combination chemotherapy, as well as targeted drugs and other therapeutic strategies, have broad therapeutic prospects. In addition, these inhibitors can participate in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) through blocking PD-1/PD-L1 binding, which can improve immune efficacy. This article provides an overview of the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of TNBC and the progress of multiple therapeutic studies. To increase the survival of TNBC patients, relevant biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy have been explored to identify new strategies for the treatment of TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysosomes: guardians and healers within cells- multifaceted perspective and outlook from injury repair to disease treatment.","authors":"Jianlei Bi, Yincong Sun, Meihua Guo, Xiaoxin Sun, Jie Sun, Rujiao Jiang, Ning Wang, Gena Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03771-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03771-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysosomes, as crucial organelles within cells, carry out diverse biological functions such as waste degradation, regulation of the cellular environment, and precise control of cell signaling. This paper reviews the core functions and structural characteristics of lysosomes, and delves into the current research status of lysosomes damage repair mechanisms. Subsequently, we explore in depth the close association between lysosomes and various diseases, including but not limited to age-related chronic diseases, neuro-degenerative diseases, tumors, inflammation, and immune imbalance. Additionally, we also provide a detailed discussion of the application of lysosome-targeted substances in the field of regenerative medicine, especially the enormous potential demonstrated in key areas such as stem cell regulation and therapy, and myocardial cell repair. Though the integration of multidisciplinary research efforts, we believe that lysosomes damage repair mechanisms will demonstrate even greater application value in disease treatment and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11984033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuproplasia and cuproptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms, relationship and potential role in tumor microenvironment and treatment.","authors":"Ruoyu Zhang, Yunfei Tan, Ke Xu, Ning Huang, Jian Wang, Mei Liu, Liming Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03683-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03683-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main phenotype of liver cancer with a poor prognosis. Copper is vital in liver function, and HCC cells rely on it for growth and metastasis, leading to cuproplasia. Excessive copper can induce cell death, termed cuproptosis. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is pivotal in HCC, especially in immunotherapy, and copper is closely related to the TME pathogenesis. However, how these two mechanisms contribute to the TME is intriguing.</p><p><strong>Main body: </strong>We conducted the latest progress literature on cuproplasia and cuproptosis in HCC, and summarized their specific roles in TME and treatment strategies. The mechanisms of cuproplasia and cuproptosis and their relationship and role in TME have been deeply summarized. Cuproplasia fosters TME formation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, whereas cuproptosis may alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxic conditions in the TME. Inhibiting cuproplasia and enhancing cuproptosis in HCC are essential for achieving therapeutic efficacy in HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An in-depth analysis of cuproplasia and cuproptosis mechanisms within the TME of HCC unveils their opposing nature and their impact on copper regulation. Grasping the equilibrium between these two factors is crucial for a deeper understanding of HCC mechanisms to shed light on novel directions in treating HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals the mechanism of Realgar improvement on erythropoiesis in mice with myelodysplastic syndrome.","authors":"Hao Xu, Kexin Hu, Yanlu Wang, Shuyang Cai, Fan Wu, Jizhang Bao, Qi Hu, Yu Guan, Yuchen Tao, Jiahui Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03768-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12935-025-03768-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a malignant hematologic disorder with limited curative options, primarily reliant on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Anemia, a prevalent symptom of MDS, has few effective treatment strategies. Realgar, though known for its therapeutic effects on MDS, remains poorly understood in terms of its mechanism of action. In this study, both in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted using Realgar and its primary active component, As₂S₂, to examine their impact on mouse erythroblasts at the single-cell level. Realgar treatment significantly altered the transcriptional profiles and cellular composition of bone marrow in mice, both in vivo and in vitro. Differentially expressed genes in erythroblasts regulated by Realgar were identified, unveiling potential regulatory functions and signaling pathways, such as heme biosynthesis, hemoglobin production, oxygen binding, IL-17 signaling, and MAPK pathways. These findings suggest that Realgar enhances the differentiation of erythroblasts in mouse bone marrow and improves overall blood cell counts. This work offers preliminary insights into Realgar's mechanisms, expands the understanding of this mineral medicine, and may inform strategies to optimize its therapeutic potential in hematologic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD44 on cancer stem cell is a potential immunological and prognostic pan-cancer biomarker.","authors":"Ya-Juan Zhu, Si-Ying Li, Shan-Shan Yang, Yang Du, Zhuo-Yuan Zhang, Ji-Yan Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03748-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12935-025-03748-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CD44, a widely recognized cancer stem cell marker, displayed a vital participation in the cancer immune invasion and may related with the response to the immunotherapy. However, the role of CD44 in cancer immunology is not well defined. Therefore, we intended to explore its prognostic value and potential immunological functions across 33 human cancer types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the data of patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Sangerbox was used to analyze the correlations between CD44 expression and tumor-infiltrated immune cells, immune checkpoints, neoantigens, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in human cancers. A mouse model xenografted with shRNA-CD44 MC38 was established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The elevated CD44 was associated with tumor stage and prognosis in several different cancers. GSEA results showed that upregulated CD44 involved in cancer stem cell associated process, antigen processing and presentation, and immune cells proliferation and activation. CD44 plays an essential role in the tumor immune regulation and immune checkpoints inhibitor response. The correlation of CD44 gene expression and infiltration levels of immune cells varied across different cancer types. Notably, the upregulation of CD44 expression is positively correlated with regulatory CD4 T cells, macrophages M1 and M2 in several analyzed cancers. Furthermore, we verified the effect of CD44 on tumor growth and immune microenvironment in mouse xenografted with shRNA-CD44 MC38. Moreover, DNA methylation existed in CD44 expression and associated with dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes via different mechanisms, thus resulting in tissue-dependent prognoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD44 is both a cancer stem cell marker and a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker in various malignant tumors. Moreover, CD44 could be a novel target for immune-based therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CXCL2: a key player in the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory diseases.","authors":"Yuanhao Lv, Caizheng Chen, Miaomiao Han, Chenfei Tian, Fuyang Song, Sijia Feng, Miaoming Xu, Ziyin Zhao, Hongyan Zhou, Wei Su, Jiateng Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s12935-025-03765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12935-025-03765-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CXCL2 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2), a constituent of the C-X-C chemokine subfamily, serves as a powerful chemotactic factor for neutrophils, facilitating leukocyte recruitment and movement while initiating an inflammatory response. Recent investigations have demonstrated the pivotal involvement of CXCL2 in carcinogenesis. Within the tumor microenvironment, CXCL2 modulates cellular activity primarily via its interaction with the CXCR2 receptor. The activation of signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, NF-κB/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT3, highlights CXCL2's inclination to promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the role of CXCL2 encompasses inflammatory conditions like lung inflammation, atherosclerosis, and obesity. This article examines the structural characteristics, biological roles, and molecular foundation of CXCL2 in carcinogenesis and inflammatory disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9385,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Cell International","volume":"25 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}