Canadian Journal of Soil Science最新文献_第6页

Soil quality index under different land-use types: the case of Choke Mountain agroecosystems, upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia 不同土地利用类型下的土壤质量指数——以埃塞俄比亚青尼罗上游呛山农业生态系统为例

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0053

D. Mesfin, E. Assefa, B. Simane

{"title":"Soil quality index under different land-use types: the case of Choke Mountain agroecosystems, upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Mesfin, E. Assefa, B. Simane","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In an agroecosystem (AES), land-use types affect soil quality. As a result, determining soil quality in various land uses is critical. This study was carried out to evaluate the soil quality index (SQI) of the different land-use types in AESs of the Choke Mountain watershed, upper Blue Nile Basin. Forty-seven soil samples were taken from cultivated land (CL), grazing land (GL), plantation forest land (PFL), and natural forest land (NFL) of the five AESs. The minimum data set (MDS) was chosen using principal component analysis. To calculate SQI, five soil quality indicators were selected as an MDS: silt, pH, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable potassium, and soil organic matter. SQIs for the overall land uses were ordered as GL > NFL > PFL > CL. Compared with NFL, the SQIs of PFL and CL were reduced by 10% and 19.7%, respectively, whereas the SQI of GL was increased by 1.8%. Among AESs of Choke, SQI of GL was higher in the midland plain, dominated by Vertisol (AES 2), followed by the midland plain with Nitosols (AES 3). SQI of CL was intermediate, and SQIs of GL, NFL, and PFL were good. AES 2 of the watershed recorded the highest total SQI value, whereas hilly and mountainous highlands (AES 5) recorded the lowest SQIs compared to other AESs. Thus, site-specific land use and management practices across the various AESs should be recommended to policymakers and farmers for a sustainable ecosystem and environment.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43290080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biochar applications to boreal podzol improve soil hydraulic properties and control nitrogen dynamics 生物炭在北方恶唑中的应用改善了土壤水力特性并控制了氮动力学

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0086

R. Saha, RaymondH. Thomas, K. Hawboldt, M. Nadeem, M. Cheema, L. Galagedara

{"title":"Biochar applications to boreal podzol improve soil hydraulic properties and control nitrogen dynamics","authors":"R. Saha, RaymondH. Thomas, K. Hawboldt, M. Nadeem, M. Cheema, L. Galagedara","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0086","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar (BC) application on hydraulic properties and nitrogen (N) transport in a podzolic soil profile. Soil samples were collected from an agricultural research field in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. The following three types of leaching columns were prepared: (i) topsoil, (ii) top and E-horizon soil, and (iii) mixed soil (2:1 ratio of topsoil and E-horizon soil). Granular biochar (GBC) and powder biochar (PBC) were mixed with soils at the rate of 0%, 1% and 2% (w/w). BC’s morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, and the specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. Soil physical and hydraulic properties (bulk density, porosity, field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point, plant available water (PAW)), leaching concentration of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+), and volume of leachate were measured through a total of 378 experiments under laboratory conditions. GBC and PBC showed hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, respectively. With the 2% PBC amendment, porosity increased by 3%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 13% in the mixed soil and reduced NO3− leaching by 36% in top and E-horizon soil and NH4+ leaching by 72% in mixed soil. On the other hand, NO3− and NH4+ leaching was reduced by 26% and 33% in mixed soil when treated with 2% GBC. A 2% application rate for both BC (GBC and PBC) showed the best performance to enhance soil hydraulic properties and retain significant amounts of NO3− and NH4+ in the boreal podzol.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42449192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rationalizing mottling and gleying in the characterization and classification of Canadian soils 加拿大土壤表征和分类中斑点和潜育的合理化

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0036

R. Heck, D. Saurette, C. J. Warren

引用次数: 1

Ratio of non-growing season to growing season N2O emissions in Canadian croplands: an update to national inventory methodology 加拿大农田非生长季节与生长季节N2O排放量的比率：国家清单方法的更新

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0101

D. Pelster, A. Thiagarajan, C. Liang, M. Chantigny, C. Wagner-Riddle, K. Congreves, R. Lemke, A. Glenn, M. Tenuta, G. Hernandez‐Ramirez, S. Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Owens, D. MacDonald

{"title":"Ratio of non-growing season to growing season N2O emissions in Canadian croplands: an update to national inventory methodology","authors":"D. Pelster, A. Thiagarajan, C. Liang, M. Chantigny, C. Wagner-Riddle, K. Congreves, R. Lemke, A. Glenn, M. Tenuta, G. Hernandez‐Ramirez, S. Bittman, D. Hunt, J. Owens, D. MacDonald","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract National inventory reporting of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Canada is based primarily on measurements obtained using static chambers. In regions with cold winters and an accumulated snowpack (including Canada), these measurements tend to focus on the growing season (typically May–October). However, research has shown that emissions continue throughout the non-growing season (NGS) and that these account for a significant proportion of annual emissions. In the Canadian National Inventory NGS emissions currently are assumed to be adequately captured in western Canada, while they are accounted for in eastern Canada by multiplying the growing season emissions by a correction factor of 1.4, a value that was derived based on a limited number of measurements. Here we use recent Canadian studies to validate this correction factor. We collected data from available Canadian studies that measured soil N2O emissions from agricultural systems for the entire year and determined the proportion of these emissions that occurred during the NGS. The proportion of annual N2O emissions that occurred during the NGS varied widely, ranging from −4% to 119% with a mean of 35.5%, compared to the previous estimate of 30%. Due to high variability, few differences were observed between means associated with climatic, soil, and management variables. To correct for NGS N2O emissions from Canadian agricultural soils, we suggest that the current correction factor for converting growing season to total annual emissions be changed from 1.4 to 1.55 and that this be used for all agricultural soils in Canada rather than just eastern Canada.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Earthworm distribution around tile drainage in agricultural fields of southwest Quebec, Canada 加拿大魁北克西南部农田瓷砖排水沟周围的蚯蚓分布

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0059

H. Diop, Leanne Ejack, A. Elmi, J. Whalen

引用次数: 0

Establishment and experiment of a pressure-bearing subsidence model of layered soil in forest region 林区层状土承压沉降模型的建立与试验

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0067

Yuan Zhou, Shufa Sun, Jingkai Wang, Miao Yu, Haoyu Yin, Fei Yang, Hao Luo

{"title":"Establishment and experiment of a pressure-bearing subsidence model of layered soil in forest region","authors":"Yuan Zhou, Shufa Sun, Jingkai Wang, Miao Yu, Haoyu Yin, Fei Yang, Hao Luo","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest vehicle operation causes different degrees of compaction damage to the soil, which is related to the pressure-bearing characteristics of the soil. However, scholars have not profoundly investigated the pressure-bearing factors of forest soil. In this paper, disturbed brown coniferous forest soil was collected layer by layer, dried, screened, and tested with indoor pressing-plate tests with different pressing-plate shapes and diameters (side lengths). A kind of pressure–subsidence (P–Z) curve of hard soil, which is different from those of farmland soil and homogeneous remolded soil, was obtained and drawn as the P–Z curve. The results show that in the process of pressure subsidence, the forest soil gradually changed from loose to compact. Furthermore, the change of pressure-bearing subsidence of layered soil from this forest region was characterized first by the rapid increase of soil subsidence with the increase of pressure. Then, the subsidence speed became slower with the increase of pressure; finally, subsidence speed was much less affected by the increase in pressure. According to the pressure-bearing subsidence curve of forest soil, a new subsidence model is put forward in this paper. The new model has a good prediction effect on the subsidence curve of forest soil. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for studying soil pressure-bearing characteristics and the development of vehicles in high-passing forest areas.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do cover crops on the Canadian prairies affect soil nitrogen cycling? 加拿大大草原上的覆盖作物会影响土壤氮循环吗？

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0079

O. Otchere, Y. Lawley, K. Congreves

{"title":"Do cover crops on the Canadian prairies affect soil nitrogen cycling?","authors":"O. Otchere, Y. Lawley, K. Congreves","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For one of Canada’s most important regions of crop production—the prairies—it’s uncertain if cover crops can be successfully integrated into rotations; if so, will soil nitrogen (N) cycling be influenced to benefit main crops? To address these gaps, we compared a crop rotation with cover crops (CC) vs. without cover crops (LR) from 2018 to 2021 in Saskatoon, SK. The main crops were grown in sequence of wheat–canola–potato–pea; the cover crops included red clover, berseem clover/oat mix, fall rye, and a brassica cover. Yield and aboveground biomass were collected each year and analyzed to determine crop yield and N use efficiency (NUE). Soil N availability was monitored in various ways, that is, by assessing pre-plant soil nitrate, soil inorganic N (SIN) supply rate, and potentially mineralizable N (PMN). We found that the influence on soil N dynamics was restricted to the non-growing season where cover crops reduced SIN supply rate and nitrate content compared to the conventional practice without cover crops. Yet, rotations with vs. without cover crop did not differ in crop NUEs, yields, or in-season N dynamics. We found some evidence that diversifying rotations with cover crops may help the system to function more like perennial systems in terms of regulating N in the long run; but had limited impact during the three years studied. To ensure that cover crops are effective and functional on the prairies, innovative design approaches are needed to adapt cover crops to reach soil health goals under prairie conditions.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44254122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Crop rotational diversity alters the composition of stabilized soil organic matter compounds in soil physical fractions 轮作多样性改变了土壤物理组分中稳定土壤有机质化合物的组成

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0058

Huan Tong, Meiling Man, C. Wagner-Riddle, K. Dunfield, B. Deen, M. Simpson

{"title":"Crop rotational diversity alters the composition of stabilized soil organic matter compounds in soil physical fractions","authors":"Huan Tong, Meiling Man, C. Wagner-Riddle, K. Dunfield, B. Deen, M. Simpson","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Crop rotational diversity is an important part of sustainable agricultural and soil management to improve crop yield and soil fertility including enhancing soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization. Because of the physical protection via interactions with soil minerals, SOM in mineral-associated fractions is believed to be longer-lived and more stable relative to SOM in particulate (light) fractions. However, it is still unclear how crop rotational diversity alters soil carbon distribution, composition and stabilization in soil physical fractions. To address this, we studied a 37 years’ agricultural site with different crop rotational diversity (from continuous corn or alfalfa up to four species (corn, soybean, winter wheat, and red clover)). Soil carbon analysis, targeted compound analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods were used to obtain the distribution and degradation of SOM components in light and mineral-associated (F53–2000 µm, F2–53 µm, and F<2 µm) fractions. Higher soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations were observed in F<2 µm with relatively high diversified crop rotations (three and four types of crops) compared to monoculture or two crops in the rotations, which suggests that carbon storage is enhanced in mineral-stabilized pools. Higher concentrations of long-chain aliphatic compounds as well as increased accumulation and preservation of lignin-derived compounds in fine aggregates (<53 µm) were also observed with relatively high diversified crop rotations. Overall, the increased concentration and preservation of specific SOM compounds as well as increased SOC in finer mineral-associated fractions (<53 µm) suggests that crop rotational diversity may enhance the long-term stability of SOM in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45760128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Predictive mapping of wetland soil types in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region using high-resolution digital elevation model terrain derivatives 利用高分辨率数字高程模型地形衍生物预测加拿大草原坑区湿地土壤类型

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0034

J. Kiss, A. Bedard-Haughn, P. Sorenson

{"title":"Predictive mapping of wetland soil types in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region using high-resolution digital elevation model terrain derivatives","authors":"J. Kiss, A. Bedard-Haughn, P. Sorenson","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wetland soil types, which can be distinguished based on calcium carbonate content, vary in their effect on ecosystem functions like phosphorus retention, salinity contributions, and greenhouse gas forcing. These soil types may be predictively mapped with machine learning models that use terrain derivatives calculated from high-resolution digital elevation models. Soil profiles from three Saskatchewan study sites were classified into three functional categories—upland, calcareous wetland, or noncalcareous wetland—and used to train random forest models for predictive soil mapping. Multiple terrain derivatives were included as predictor variables to capture local- and landscape-scale morphometry and hydrology influences, including five derivatives developed for this study. Models were developed at three spatial resolutions: 2, 5, and 10 m, and tested via internal cross-validation and independent validation with datasets from previous studies. Predictive accuracies were highest when mapping at 2 m resolution (independent validation accuracy range = 64%–100%) but also successful when mapping at 5 and 10 m resolutions (independent validation accuracy range = 63%–100%); however, visual inspection determined that the maps generated at 10 m resolution were less detailed and occasionally featured questionable discontinuous soil distributions. Three of the five terrain derivatives developed for this study were among the most important predictor variables (first, second, and 10th most important). Models trained using only data from a specific site had slightly better performance than models trained using data from all sites, except in regions where training data were lacking.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64204739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biochar application stabilized the heavy metals in coal mined soil 生物炭的应用稳定了煤矿土壤中的重金属

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Canadian Journal of Soil Science Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1139/cjss-2022-0073

Myra Nazeer, M. J. Khan, D. Muhammad, Ahmad Masood Khan

{"title":"Biochar application stabilized the heavy metals in coal mined soil","authors":"Myra Nazeer, M. J. Khan, D. Muhammad, Ahmad Masood Khan","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2022-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2022-0073","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The waste of coal mining activities causes accumulation of hazardous elements in soil for plants. Biochar is considered an important soil remediation strategy to stabilize the heavy metals. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of biochar sources and rate on the heavy metal stabilization in coal-contaminated soil. Biochars of three feedstocks (maize straw (MBC), rice straw (RBC), and sugarcane bagasse (SBC)) with four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, i.e., 0, 10, 20, and 40 ton ha−1) were applied to two types of soils (naturally contaminated soil (NCS) versus artificially contaminated soil (ACS) spiked with Cd, Cu, Cr, and Pb). Plastic pots were incubated at 30% field capacity for 90 days at 25 °C, and soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metals concentration were measured after 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Among the biochars, RBC showed maximum immobilization of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr as compared with MBC and SBC. Similarly, biochar application increased heavy immobilization, being maximum at 2% (40 ton ha−1) rate compared with control. The pH of both soils with biochar addition increased as compared with control. The remediation effect of biochar on heavy metal stabilization was positive over time. The higher rate (40 ton ha−1) of RBC for ACS and MBC for NCS could be used effectively for heavy metal stabilization.","PeriodicalId":9384,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42920802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1