ACS ES&T water最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the Mechanisms of How Interaction with Oxyanions Alters the δ-MnO2 Structure to Drive Ammonium Oxidation","authors":"Huan Tang*,&nbsp;Songbo Wang,&nbsp;Wenli Li,&nbsp;Yipei Gao,&nbsp;Xiangyu He,&nbsp;Tinglin Huang* and Baoshan Xing,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0016710.1021/acsestwater.5c00167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00167https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00167","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxyanions have been widely demonstrated to modulate the MnO₂ structure features. However, the role of oxyanions at environmentally relevant concentrations in regulating the structure of MnO₂ to control the transformation of ammonium (NH₄⁺) has received little attention. Herein, the mechanisms of the δ-MnO₂ structural transformation mediated by oxyanions and the effects of this process on NH₄⁺ oxidation are explored. The results indicate that bicarbonate and phosphate exert a synergistic effect on modulating the structure of δ-MnO₂. Specifically, bicarbonate mainly facilitates the dissolution and recrystallization of δ-MnO₂ through the formation of MnCO₃. In contrast, during the recrystallization process, phosphate can preserve the crystal structure of δ-MnO₂. Through the processes of dissolution and recrystallization, δ-MnO₂ particles with a higher concentration of Mn(III) and surface hydroxyl groups, more active Mn(II/III/IV) cycling, higher specific surface area, and higher zeta potential are generated. These characteristics potentially enhance the oxidation capacity of NH₄⁺. Mn(III) and surface hydroxyl groups are identified as the dominant active species that drive the oxidation of NH₄⁺, and their replenishment is accelerated by the interfacial interaction between bicarbonate and phosphate. These findings have broad implications for unraveling the transformation processes of contaminants in aqueous environments and the design of MnO₂-based decontamination systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2637–2647 2637–2647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Power of Low vs High-Precision Methods for Measuring E. coli in Drinking Water in Low-Resource Settings","authors":"Andrea Sosa-Moreno,&nbsp;Gwenyth O. Lee,&nbsp;Zhenke Wu,&nbsp;S. Aya Fanny,&nbsp;Gabriel Trueba,&nbsp;Philip J. Cooper,&nbsp;Karen Levy and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0111710.1021/acsestwater.4c01117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01117https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01117","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Methods to measure <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations in water vary in precision, complexity, and cost. Low-precision methods are more affordable, faster, and simpler to implement in low-resource settings but may reduce statistical power. We compared the statistical power of low- and high-precision methods using data from UNICEF’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys across 11 low-income regions, and from a birth cohort study in Ecuador. Both data sets included continuous <i>E. coli</i> concentrations from high-precision methods, which we categorized to emulate low-precision methods outcomes. Using logistic regression, we modeled associations between water quality and two dichotomous outcomes: water treatment (treated/untreated) and water storage (stored/not stored). We compared the sample size needed to reach 80% power for detecting statistically significant differences between these groups. Power was calculated using a bootstrap-based algorithm. Compared to continuous measures, categorizing <i>E. coli</i> concentrations required 10–90% larger sample sizes in treatment models and about 10% in storage models, except in regions with good water quality, where similar or lower sample sizes were sufficient. Our findings indicate that low-precision methods can reliably infer associations between water practices and water quality but often require larger sample sizes, highlighting a trade-off between cost and statistical power in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2244–2254 2244–2254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Techno-economics of an Electrocoagulation-Based Combined System for Fluoride Removal from Groundwater","authors":"Anweshan,&nbsp;Piyal Mondal and Mihir K. Purkait*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0014610.1021/acsestwater.5c00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00146https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00146","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High fluoride concentrations in subterranean water pose health risks, especially in the Global South. This study aims to develop and assess the effectiveness of an integrated water treatment unit that has been designed to remediate fluoride pollution via electrocoagulation at Changsari, Assam, India. The unit incorporates aeration, electrocoagulation (EC), flocculation, sedimentation, and dual media filtration for treating 20 m³ day^–1 groundwater. Iron and fluoride removal efficacies were 94 and 89%, respectively, lowering contaminants below IS 10500 standards. The operational cost was US$0.25 per cubic meter, making it economically feasible compared to previously conducted research. Innovative aspects of this study include a 12 week operational performance and stability assessment, a precise estimation of capital costs for large-scale electrocoagulation-based systems, a novel electrode life calculation method using a safety factor, and a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of operating costs including water quality testing. The results emphasize the need for an electrocoagulation-based integrated treatment process and consistent monitoring to guarantee the availability of safe drinking water. These contributions bridge the gap between laboratory studies and large-scale implementations, providing a cost-effective, scalable solution for mitigating fluoride contamination in groundwater resources and making the study industry relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2591–2604 2591–2604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Power of Low vs High-Precision Methods for Measuring <i>E. coli</i> in Drinking Water in Low-Resource Settings.","authors":"Andrea Sosa-Moreno, Gwenyth O Lee, Zhenke Wu, S Aya Fanny, Gabriel Trueba, Philip J Cooper, Karen Levy, Joseph N S Eisenberg","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c01117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methods to measure <i>Escherichia coli</i> concentrations in water vary in precision, complexity, and cost. Low-precision methods are more affordable, faster, and simpler to implement in low-resource settings but may reduce statistical power. We compared the statistical power of low- and high-precision methods using data from UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys across 11 low-income regions, and from a birth cohort study in Ecuador. Both data sets included continuous <i>E. coli</i> concentrations from high-precision methods, which we categorized to emulate low-precision methods outcomes. Using logistic regression, we modeled associations between water quality and two dichotomous outcomes: water treatment (treated/untreated) and water storage (stored/not stored). We compared the sample size needed to reach 80% power for detecting statistically significant differences between these groups. Power was calculated using a bootstrap-based algorithm. Compared to continuous measures, categorizing <i>E. coli</i> concentrations required 10-90% larger sample sizes in treatment models and about 10% in storage models, except in regions with good water quality, where similar or lower sample sizes were sufficient. Our findings indicate that low-precision methods can reliably infer associations between water practices and water quality but often require larger sample sizes, highlighting a trade-off between cost and statistical power in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2244-2254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical, Geospatial, and Geochemical Modeling of Geogenic Uranium in Groundwater in the Kings Groundwater Basin, Central Valley, California","authors":"Brady A. Ziegler*,&nbsp;Aric H. Mine,&nbsp;Mark G. F. Nickels,&nbsp;Mia Goudy,&nbsp;Jackson Kohn,&nbsp;Amalia Culpepper-Wehr,&nbsp;Richard Steiner-Otoo,&nbsp;Lauren O-Rourke,&nbsp;Tia Peterson and John Goodman,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0094810.1021/acsestwater.4c00948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00948https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00948","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Uranium (U) concentrations exceed 30 μg/L, the maximum contaminant level, in some shallow groundwater aquifers in the Kings Groundwater Basin in Central California. We used statistical and spatial analyses, geochemical modeling, and sequential sediment extractions to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for elevated U in groundwater. Thirty-four percent of shallow wells (&lt;74.3 m below land surface) exceeded 30 μg/L, whereas wells deeper than 74.3 m did not exceed 30 μg/L. Forty-to-sixty percent of total U in sediments was soluble via oxidation. Reducible and carbonate-bound U were not sources of U in groundwater. Ion-exchangeable U was &lt;4% of the total U in all samples. Uranium &lt;30 μg/L was observed in the presence of dissolved oxygen, suggesting some aerobic oxidative dissolution of U(IV) to U(VI). Uranium &gt;30 μg/L co-occurred with elevated concentrations of nitrate, calcium, and alkalinity, which are linked to agricultural development. However, U was &lt;30 μg/L in groundwater with elevated calcium and alkalinity if nitrate was &lt;7 mg/L NO₃–N. We propose a two-step mechanism for U concentrations exceeding 30 μg/L: (1) U dissolution is initiated via microbial oxidation of U(IV) by nitrate to the soluble uranyl ion, and (2) U solubility is enhanced by the formation of aqueous (calcium−) uranyl–carbonate complexes.</p><p >Uranium is mobilized from sediments into shallow groundwater to unsafe concentrations. Uranium mobilization is a two-step process: nitrate oxidation followed by aqueous complexation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2169–2179 2169–2179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00948","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trihalomethanes in Indian Drinking Water Treatment Systems: A Multifaceted Assessment of Health and Water Footprint","authors":"Sumona Koley*,&nbsp;Meena Khwairakpam and Ajay S. Kalamdhad,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0002410.1021/acsestwater.5c00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00024https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water. Among many, trihalomethanes (THMs) are prevalent DBPs, known as human carcinogens. This study assessed THMs in water from five drinking water treatment plants in Guwahati, India. THM concentrations ranged from 235.92 to 260.42 ppb, significantly exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended limit of 80 ppb. Trichloromethane (TCM) was the most prevalent THM contaminant, followed by bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and dibromochloromethane (DBCM). Lifetime cancer risk and the noncancer hazard index were assessed for chronic consumption of THMs via ingestion, skin absorption, and inhalation. People faced greater health risks via ingestion. According to the average lifetime cancer risk analysis, children are more at risk than adults. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the primary factors affecting cancer risk were the presence of TCM in water, body weight, and the ingestion rate of THMs. A 53.5 MLD treatment plant has a maximum gray water footprint of 27.45 MLD (51.31% of total capacity) to meet the BIS standard of 460 ppb, but diluting the treated water to 80 ppb THMs requires 157.83 MLD of fresh water, almost 3 times the treatment plant’s capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2432–2443 2432–2443"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from a Long-Term Outdoor Mesocosm Study: eDNA Metabarcoding Reveals Exacerbated but Transient Impacts from a Nanoenabled Pesticide Formulation (Nano-TiO2-Coated Carbendazim) on Freshwater Microbial Communities","authors":"Martin van derPlas*,&nbsp;Tom A. P. Nederstigt,&nbsp;Krijn B. Trimbos,&nbsp;Emilie A. Didaskalou and Martina G. Vijver,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0001410.1021/acsestwater.5c00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00014https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fungicides currently encompass the second-most-used class of agricultural pesticides globally. Residues are frequently detected in freshwater, leading to undesired ecological impacts. Nanoenabled pesticide formulations have recently gained prominence in the scientific literature and have been suggested to exhibit favorable properties over conventional pesticide formulations by facilitating reductions in emissions toward nontarget locations. However, data on unintended effects on nontarget aquatic communities are scarce, especially concerning microbial communities. In this study, long-term effects of nano titanium-dioxide- (nTiO₂)-coated carbendazim and its constituents on (pelagic) freshwater microbial communities in simulated agricultural ditches were investigated over a period of 14 weeks using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Impacts on bacterial diversity (α and β) were observed 2 weeks after the treatment application and most pronounced in the nTiO₂-coated carbendazim treatment, followed by its active substance, i.e., noncoated carbendazim. The observed patterns possibly imply that nTiO₂-coated carbendazim imposed more pronounced and potentially delayed or extended effects compared to the noncoated form of carbendazim. Bacterial communities also proved to be resilient under the tested conditions as they returned to the control-state within 5 weeks after the treatment application. Overall, our data suggest that eDNA metabarcoding data on microbial communities can help uncover time-dependent effects of nanoformulated pesticides.</p><p >Using eDNA metabarcoding, this study demonstrates exacerbated yet transient impacts of a nanoenabled pesticide formulation on freshwater microbial communities. With experimental data to this end currently being scarce, our findings can support ongoing regulatory developments.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2421–2431 2421–2431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Efficiency and Mechanisms of Chlorobenzene Degradation Using an Immobilized Bacterial Consortium Supplemented with Micron Zerovalent Iron and Biomass","authors":"Yu Li,&nbsp;Zehan Shi,&nbsp;Cheng Sun,&nbsp;Chunyang Li* and Hui Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0000110.1021/acsestwater.5c00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00001https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chlorobenzene (CB) is a widely utilized organic solvent that poses a significant environmental threat owing to its chemical stability, toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Especially, actual chlorobenzene-contaminated sites (CBs) are characterized by multiple co-occurring chlorinated compounds, highlighting the urgent need for green and efficient remediation technologies. In this study, a one-year remediation experiment was conducted using groundwater from an actual CB-contaminated site as the simulated water source. The experiment employed a reactive column system filled with micron zerovalent iron (mZVI) and biomass (wheat bran). The degradation efficiency and underlying mechanisms of CB were investigated, revealing that microbial immobilization was achieved within 3 months and a functional community that utilizes CB as a carbon source was established within 6 months. The degradation efficiency of CB by the immobilized bacterial consortium remained above 99% starting from day 181. Additionally, mZVI transformed into goethite, siderite, and hematite in its final forms. Notably, Stutzerimonas, Alcaligenes, and Brevundimonas were identified as key genera in the remediation of CBs, particularly through their roles in the benzoate degradation pathway. This research confirmed the feasibility of using an immobilized bacterial consortium utilizing mZVI and wheat bran to address organic pollution at CBs and offered theoretical support for this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2392–2402 2392–2402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Mordenite Zeolite with Excellent Adsorption Ability to Wastewater Ammonium","authors":"Donghui Xu,&nbsp;Weijin Qin,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Zhang* and Yu Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0110310.1021/acsestwater.4c01103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01103https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01103","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A green one-step hydrothermal method was employed to prepare mordenite (MOR) zeolite for removing ammonium (NH₄⁺) from wastewater, in which no organic template was used during the synthesis, while the hydrothermal time was effectively shortened to 12 h. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a prism-packed spherical structure of the synthesized MOR zeolite, with the NaOH/Si ratio being the main factor affecting the zeolite structure. The synthesized MOR zeolite with an adsorption capacity of 32.76 mg NH₄⁺-N/g derived from the Langmuir isotherm could realize a quick establishment of the adsorption equilibrium within 5 min at a dosage of 2.0 g/L, and the adsorption kinetics were better described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. On the other hand, the MOR zeolite also demonstrated a stable performance and a reasonably good reusability under complex conditions, e.g., more than 90% of ammonium was removed after four cycles of reuse. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) revealed that the adsorption mechanism mainly included surface electrostatic interaction and ion exchange with the sodium ion. Consequently, the MOR zeolite prepared in this study can be considered a promising adsorbent for the fast and efficient removal of ammonium from wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2223–2232 2223–2232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic Biotransformation and Biodefluorination of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Carboxylic Acid by Biosolids under the Nitrate-Reducing Condition","authors":"Sumbel Yaqoob,&nbsp;Chen Wu,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Diaz Antunes and Mengyan Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0000910.1021/acsestwater.5c00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00009https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The prevalence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their precursors, specifically 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (6:2 FTCA), in the environment attests to their importance as contaminants of regulatory concern. This study compared three redox conditions (i.e., nitrate reduction, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis) on biotransformation and biodefluorination of 6:2 FTCA using biosolids mixed from three wastewater treatment plants. Expected redox conditions were achieved in nitrate-reducing and methanogenic microcosms, but not in sulfate-amended treatments. Over 5 months of incubation, significant 6:2 FTCA removal (0.265 μM/day) was depleted under the nitrate-reducing condition, while minimal or no biotransformation was observed under the sulfate-amended or methanogenic conditions. This observed decline in 6:2 FTCA was accompanied by a decrease in nitrate (∼28 mM) and an increase in inorganic fluoride (∼28 μM), correlating to a loss of ∼0.70 fluoride per removed 6:2 FTCA molecule. Less fluorinated compounds 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (5:3 FTCA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were also detected under the nitrate-reducing condition. Microbial community analysis revealed the increase of <i>Anaerolineae</i>, which could be accountable for 6:2 FTCA biotransformation under nitrate-reducing conditions. Results indicate anaerobic biotransformation is dependent on the availability of specific election acceptors, informing future strategies to enhance the biotransformation rate and biodefluorination extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 5","pages":"2412–2420 2412–2420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}