ACS ES&T water最新文献

{"title":"The Electron-Yielding Capacity of the Matrix Can Explain Apparent Zero-Order Reduction of Electron-Acceptors in Aquifers at Steady State","authors":"Vitor Cantarella*,&nbsp;Adrian Mellage and Olaf A. Cirpka,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0123210.1021/acsestwater.4c01232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01232https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01232","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microbially mediated reduction reactions of soluble electron acceptors, such as nitrates, involve solute transport and interphase mass transfer coupled to microbial dynamics. Yet, simple zero-order kinetics can often describe the reduction rates at the aquifer scale. We tackle this discrepancy by deriving the steady-state concentrations of subsurface biomass, electron acceptors, and electron donors for a reactive system. As an example, we model denitrification coupled with the oxidation of dissolved organic carbon stemming from solid-phase natural organic matter. Our closed-form solution demonstrates that the microbially mediated hydrolysis step, releasing the electron donor from the matrix, limits the overall reaction. Neither the steady-state concentration of biomass nor the reduction rate of the electron acceptor depends on the available electron-acceptor concentration. These findings are confirmed by numerical experiments with a more complete description of the system. Our theoretical derivations provide a mechanistic explanation for apparent zero-order reduction rates observed in field and experimental settings at steady state. They apply to various settings in which dissolved electron acceptors react with electron donors released from the matrix. To better understand and quantify the reduction rates of electron acceptors at field sites, we propose investigating the processes and rates controlling the microbial access to solid-phase electron donors.</p><p >We mechanistically explain how complex dynamics of microbially catalyzed electron-acceptor reduction in groundwater ecosystems can result in apparent zero-order kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1889–1896 1889–1896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Reduction of High Concentration Nitrate-Bearing Industrial Wastewater for Ammonium Recovery","authors":"Dydia Tanisha González,&nbsp;José Alberto Baeza*,&nbsp;Luisa Calvo and Miguel Ángel Gilarranz,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0089710.1021/acsestwater.4c00897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00897https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c00897","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The concept of NH₄⁺/NH₃ production from wastewater treatment for subsequent recovery and reuse has gained much attention in the past few years. The conversion of NO₃^– present in wastewater into NH₄⁺/NH₃ through catalytic reduction is a sustainable approach for resource utilization from wastewater. In the present work, the application of this technique to industrial wastewater with a high NO₃^– concentration is proposed. A good activity of Pd–Cu catalysts supported on carbon black was observed at high NO₃^– concentrations. Complete NO₃^– conversion was achieved in water with an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L and a catalyst concentration of 0.93 g/L in a stirred reactor. Furthermore, an improvement in catalytic activity was obtained when the reactor was operated without pH control, resulting in an increase in NH₄⁺ formation to 184 mg/L. Additionally, in successive 8-h reaction cycles with a reaction medium equivalent to that of industrial wastewater, a progressive decrease in catalytic activity was observed, which may be associated with a noticeable decrease in the Pd⁰/Pdⁿ⁺ species ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1595–1604 1595–1604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Relative Chemical Assessment to Support Risk Frameworks for Water Recycling","authors":"Christopher H. Jones*,&nbsp;Riley E. Mulhern,&nbsp;Varsha Wylie,&nbsp;John Fawell,&nbsp;Shubhashini Oza,&nbsp;Melanie Holmer and Katherine Bell,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0114010.1021/acsestwater.4c01140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01140https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01140","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Water resources around the world are increasingly affected by the pressures of population growth and climate change, with substantial risks of water shortages for public supply, agriculture, energy generation, and industry, with impacts on freshwater ecology. Thus, many water utilities are turning to or considering water recycling to augment existing supplies. It is incumbent on a utility to demonstrate that augmenting its water supply with recycled water does not create undue excess risk compared to existing sources that are considered protective of public health. This research quantified the chemical risks associated with using recycled water as a source of water supply. Linear cancer slope factors and threshold dose values were used with chemical concentrations measured at an advanced water recycling pilot in the southern UK to quantify chemical risk profiles of six waters: two existing drinking water source waters, a secondary treated wastewater effluent serving as the influent to the advanced water treatment pilot, and after each treatment step in the pilot (ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet advanced oxidation). This study builds on previous work by considering risks throughout the advanced water recycling treatment train via Monte Carlo simulation and evaluating several approaches to handling censored data sets; the analysis leveraged data from an extensive sampling campaign including 37 cancer risk chemicals and 289 threshold-based risk chemicals. Overall, conclusions around relative risk were relatively insensitive to the approach used for handling censored data, while using a stochastic method provided improved insights into the variability of risk. Cancer and noncancer risk profiles of water treated through the advanced treatment train were comparable or better than existing water supply works source waters. This finding provides strong evidence that use of highly treated recycled water as a source of supply is protective of public health from chemical risks when compared to existing source water supplies.</p><p >This risk assessment approach uses novel methods to provide public health insights into the use of recycled water as a water supply source.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1779–1788 1779–1788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Does the “Trojan Horse” Carry? The Pollutants Associated with Microplastics/Nanoplastics in Water Environments","authors":"Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei,&nbsp;Parnian Mojahednia,&nbsp;Jianfei Chen,&nbsp;Zhenyu Li,&nbsp;Katarzyna Jaszczyszyn,&nbsp;Edyta Kiedrzyńska and Jinkai Xue*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0108910.1021/acsestwater.4c01089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01089https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01089","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic additives are intensively used in the plastic industry. Namely, plasticizers, flame retardants, stabilizers, and antioxidants have raised significant environmental concerns. These additives, characterized by relatively high toxicity and bioaccumulation rates, pose substantial risks to human health. When plastics break down into smaller fragments (i.e., micro/nanoplastics (MNPs)), these additives can be released into aquatic environments, where they may interact with other pollutants through various mechanisms, and multiple factors can affect such interactions. This can influence the occurrence of MNP-associated pollutants in water environments and further impact the environment and human health. Although MNP additives and their associated pollutants pose significant risks, research on their behavior and impacts remains limited. This review maps out the current understanding of MNP additives and associated pollutants, and identifies critical knowledge gaps, setting a foundation for future research directions that will further unravel the complexities of MNPs in water environments and their broader implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1530–1545 1530–1545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Numerical Method Incorporating Machine Learning into Groundwater Level Model for Improving Simulation Accuracy","authors":"Lin Zhu*,&nbsp;Shuai Li,&nbsp;Huili Gong,&nbsp;Zhenxue Dai,&nbsp;Miao Ye,&nbsp;Chenzhihao Qian and Mohamad Reza Soltanian,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0127610.1021/acsestwater.4c01276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01276https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01276","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Groundwater level (GWL) serves as a key indicator for assessing groundwater resources. Traditional numerical models for simulating GWLs typically rely on physics-based approaches, which require detailed descriptions of the hydrogeological structure and the related parameters. The data-driven models, while offering relatively high simulation accuracy, often lack interpretability. This paper proposes a hybrid numerical method framework that integrates a numerical model and a data-driven model to enhance GWL simulation accuracy. The framework is applied to the upper and middle parts of the Chaobai River alluvial fan in Beijing, China, a significant emergency water resource region. This framework is also used to predict landfill infiltration risks. The results indicate that the hybrid model significantly improves the simulation accuracy on the training set, achieving a maximum reduction of 83% in RMSE, 87% in MAE, and a maximum improvement of 56% in <i>R</i>², compared to the numerical model alone. During the validation period, 8 of the 11 wells demonstrated an RMSE below 1 m and <i>R</i>² exceeding 0.85. The prediction results indicate that from 2022 to 2028, even in scenarios with reduced withdrawal or increased precipitation, GWLs will still be below the depth of landfills, which poses no potential risk of groundwater contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1916–1929 1916–1929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the Stability Evolution of the Hydropower Megaproject System Based on the Emergy Ecological Network Model","authors":"Peiran Jing,&nbsp;Jinbao Sheng*,&nbsp;Tiesong Hu,&nbsp;Kai Dong,&nbsp;Lidan Guo,&nbsp;Rui Zhu,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Yifan Huang and Xinjie Xu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0116210.1021/acsestwater.4c01162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01162https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01162","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The stability of the hydropower megaproject (HM) system is critical for sustainable hydropower development and watershed water resources management. Hence, an accurate assessment of the HM system’s stability is paramount. This study proposed a novel stability analysis model based on the emergy ecological network to reveal the HM system’s stability evolution characteristics and the complex ecological relationships within the HM system. The Three Gorges Project (TGP) is selected as a case study, and its stability evolution from 1994 to 2023 is explored. The results showed that the TGP’s total system throughput flux experienced a fluctuating upward trend during the study period with a mean value of 6.99 × 10²³, which changing trend is consistent with the actual situation of the Yangtze River basin. The system robustness showed a fluctuating rise trend with a mean value of 0.313, which indicates that the TGP system’s stability and anti-interference ability are gradually increasing. This study revealed the nonlinear characteristics of the trade-off relationship between network efficiency and redundancy of the HM system, which provides a novel framework to be used as an evaluation index and policy insights for sustainable hydropower development.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1789–1802 1789–1802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Enrichment of Partial Denitrifying Bacteria Enabling High Nitrite Production under Stepwise Elevated Salinity: Sludge Granulation and Metagenomic Mechanisms","authors":"Shenbin Cao,&nbsp;Yu Lan,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Fan,&nbsp;Xianbao Xu,&nbsp;Rui Du*,&nbsp;Yongzhen Peng and Jacek Makinia,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c0004110.1021/acsestwater.5c00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00041https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00041","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The innovative partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) process holds significant promise for treating industrial wastewater containing nitrate, yet it may encounter the challenge of high salinity’s inhibitory impact. In this study, a nitrite-producing PD process, crucial for stable and efficient anammox, was developed. The effect of salt on performance was thoroughly assessed, and metabolic mechanisms were dissected. Results showed that increasing salinity to 20 g/L enhanced PD performance, raising the nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio from 63.1 to 70.1% and the nitrite production rate from 27.9 to 39.1 mg of N/g VSS/h. Salinity also promoted sludge granulation by stimulating extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion to resist stress. Microbial analysis revealed the enrichment of PD functional bacterium (<i>Thauera phenylacetica</i>). Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of narGHI (encoding NO₃^–-N reductase) and downregulation of nirS (encoding NO₂^–-N reductase), which contributed to improved PD performance. Salinity stress had a limited impact on carbon metabolism and electron transport processes. The secretion of EPS acted as a compensatory mechanism, alleviating the inhibitory effects of salinity on these processes and providing microorganisms with an extended period for self-repair. Overall, these findings offer new insights into the salt-effect PD process, showing the potential for its application in saline wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1955–1965 1955–1965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riverine Suspended Particulate Matter as a Hotspot of Antibiotics in the Yellow River Delta, China: Occurrence, Distribution, and Main Drivers","authors":"Kun Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Yuan,&nbsp;Shuxiang Zhang,&nbsp;Febelyn Reguyal,&nbsp;Bing Shi,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Huawei Wang and Ruizhi Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0122610.1021/acsestwater.4c01226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01226https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01226","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study systematically elucidated the spatiotemporal distributions, partitioning behaviors, and environmental risks of 46 antibiotics in water and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Yellow River Delta. Totally, 12 and 18 antibiotics were pervasively detected in water and SPM in two seasons, contributed predominantly by fluoroquinolones and followed by tetracyclines and sulfonamides. The total antibiotic concentrations displayed significant spatial and seasonal variations in water (151–4.72 × 10³ ng/L), with a higher concentration observed in estuaries in spring, resulting from varying consumption patterns, external pollution emissions, and natural attentions. The spatiotemporal trends in SPM (118–8.84 × 10³ ng/g) were parallel with water, indicating SPM served as a critical sink and an internal pollution source of antibiotics, when hydrodynamic conditions changed. The dominant occurrence of fluoroquinolones and several tetracyclines and sulfonamides in SPM suggested that the partitioning coefficient (<i>K</i>_d) was an important indicator to determine antibiotic sorption potentials onto SPM, which were associated with the differences in the physicochemical properties of antibiotics and SPM and water chemistry. Environmental risk assessment revealed cinoxacin and enoxacin universally exhibited potential risks for the ecosystem and resistance development from medium to high, and special attention should be given to the high joint risks of the co-occurrence of multiple antibiotics in the Yellow River Delta.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1874–1888 1874–1888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Hydroxyl Radicals (•OH) and Its Effect on Cadmium Solubility During Soil Redox Fluctuations","authors":"Meiying Huang,&nbsp;Tongliang Wu,&nbsp;Peixin Cui,&nbsp;Hui Huang,&nbsp;Qian Sun,&nbsp;Cun Liu,&nbsp;Wenying Zhang and Yujun Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0101610.1021/acsestwater.4c01016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01016https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01016","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Soil flooding decreases the solubility of cadmium (Cd) by forming Cd-sulfides. However, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) can induce the oxidative dissolution of Cd-sulfides, increasing Cd solubility. The mechanisms underlying •OH generation and its subsequent effects on Cd solubility during soil redox fluctuations remain unclear. This study investigated the dynamics of soluble Cd during a 40-day anaerobic incubation followed by a 15-day aerobic incubation of Cd-contaminated soils (3.73–4.48 mg/kg). We focused on the yields and generation mechanisms of •OH during oxygenation. Significant redox reactions involving reduced Fe, Mn, and soil organic matter (SOM) occurred in soils with high SOM and amorphous Fe content. In contrast, minimal changes in the concentrations of soluble metals were observed in soils with low content of SOM or amorphous Fe. During the anaerobic phase, biogenic S^2– precipitated with soluble Cd to form Cd-sulfides. The oxygenation of reduced Fe and SOM during the subsequent aerobic phase led to •OH generation (0.20–0.56 mmol/kg soil), which induced the oxidative dissolution of Cd-sulfides and increased Cd solubility in soils. Our findings indicate that •OH generation driven by redox fluctuations enhances Cd solubility, emphasizing the critical role of •OH in modulating the migration and bioavailability of Cd in soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1663–1672 1663–1672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paper-Based Electrochemical Approach for Highly Rapid and Sensitive Quantification of Inorganic Phosphate in Freshwater","authors":"Menghuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Lu,&nbsp;Qingwen Lan,&nbsp;Yunying Fang,&nbsp;Tingting Ma,&nbsp;Shuang He,&nbsp;Boyi Liu and Xinqiang Liang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.4c0111110.1021/acsestwater.4c01111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01111https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.4c01111","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rapidly monitoring dissolved inorganic phosphate is important for risk prediction and early warning of eutrophication. In this work, a reagentless electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) was developed to construct an environmentally friendly electrochemical platform for sensitively quantifying trace-level inorganic phosphate in freshwater. By modifying a type of self-synthesized nanocomposite material (zirconium dioxide/zinc oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotubes, ZrO₂–ZnO/MWCNTs), more abundant electroactive sites on the paper-based electrode surface were provided for the efficient adsorption of inorganic phosphate. The voltammetric signal response for aqueous phosphate anions was notably enhanced relative to that obtained at bare ePADs by relying on reductive cyclic voltammetry with molybdate(VI). After optimizing the main experimental parameters, a lower detection limit of 0.7 μM with good linear correlation in the range of 1.43–50 μM was realized at ZrO₂–ZnO/MWCNTs/ePAD. Fast analysis time and good recovery percentages (105.64, 88.27, and 112.99%) were achieved in detecting inorganic phosphate from authentic freshwater samples (tap, runoff, and lake water). Owing to the ideal reproducibility and long storage stability of ZrO₂–ZnO/MWCNTs/ePAD, this user-friendly and low-cost device is promising to be an in situ portable sensor to detect inorganic phosphate in aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93847,"journal":{"name":"ACS ES&T water","volume":"5 4","pages":"1745–1754 1745–1754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}