Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca最新文献

{"title":"Enzimatic and Genetic Variability in Bacillus spp. Strains with Plant Beneficial Qualities","authors":"O. Sicuia, I. Grosu, F. Constantinescu, C. Voaides, C. Cornea","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:11570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:11570","url":null,"abstract":"Plant health is one of the issues that have to be maintained and closely monitored during cultivation and harvest. In this regard, prevention is the key factor in organic production. Biological control of plant pathogens and plant growth stimulation can be done through beneficial microorganisms. Different bacterial bio-preparates are available on the market, many of them based on selected strains of Bacillus species. In our previous studies, we isolated autochthones strains of Bacillus spp. with beneficial traits for plant protection and growth promotion. Considering the interest for biological production, and public concern for healthy products without significantly reduced yield, different biological control strains of Bacillus spp. that could be used as bio-inoculants for plant protection were analyzed. Thirteen biocontrol strains of Bacillus spp. were analyzed in comparison with three referent strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniformis . Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of these biocontrol Bacillus spp. strains was studied in order to characterize their enzymatic activity with implications either in cell wall degradation of plant pathogenic microorganisms, or in metabolism of various substrates. Genetic variability was studied by rep-PCR analysis compared with reference strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniformis. Microbiological studies performed in order to characterize the selected beneficial bacteria for their ability to produce lytic enzyme involved in plant pathogenic inhibition and plant growth stimulation revealed chitinase, cellulose, protease, lipase, amylase, decarboxylase, ACC-deaminase and phosphatease activity. The molecular techniques revealed significant genetic differences among the bacterial strains analyzed. The study allowed the detection of several enzymatic mechanisms involved in plant growth and protection, and revealed the potential of autochthon microbiota to be used for biotechnological purposes.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"10 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84817092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of Avena Fatua Species (Wild Oat) - a Weed in Expansion in Banat Area","authors":"D. Manea, R. Ștef, I. Pet, A. Ienciu, I. Grozea, A. Cărăbeţ","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12008","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is considered the largest agricultural crop acreage worldwide. More than 50% of human caloric needs is ensured by grain products. The presence of different species of weeds in cereals causes loses between 15 -20% and even 60-80% of the crop in the absence of control measures. The most dangerous monocotyledonous species present in this culture are Apera spica - venti (wind grass), Avena fatua (wild oat) and Bromus sp., they produce huge damage to both varieties for consumption and seed lots. ChirilAƒ C. (2001), states that the species Avena fatua is one of the 132 species considered problem, namely: direct harm and high on production; has a high resistance to agro-chemical control measures; and the number or rapacity reduce the positive effect of some production factors. This study aims to provide new data on chemical control of Avena fatua in agroecosystems species of wheat. Research on chemical control of Avena fatua species were conducted in Teaching and Research Station, belonging to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine \"King Michael I of Romania\" in Timisoara. Experience included 12 variants, in three repetitions, placed after the randomized blocks method. Variants differ by herbicides applied. Efficacy of herbicides in control of species Avena fatua had values between 60-85%. The best herbicide used against Avena fatua proved to be Axial One EC (control rate 85%).","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"30 1","pages":"44-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88125971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necessity, Desirability and Importance of Ecological Agriculture in the Context of Medicinal Plants Cultivation","authors":"V. Onofrei, G. Teliban, C. Balan, Iulian Ropotoaia, A. Buburuz, Roxana Alexandrina Clinciu-Rad, T. Robu","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12015","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the ecological farming began to gain an increasingly higher importance, due to the increase of areas cultivated in ecological system and of the number of producers and consumers. This paper aims at presenting in a concise manner the most important considerations about organic farming in the context of medicinal plant cultivation. By choosing as a basic research method the observation and the study of literature, an overview on it will highlight the main aspects regarding the unconventional farming systems, the history and the variants of the ecological farming concept, organic agriculture trends worldwide and in Europe, the state of ecological agriculture in Romania, OA's principles and perspectives of improving life quality by complying with them, the requirements for the organization of an ecological farm, the conversion to an organic farming, labelling of organic products, the quality and marketing of organic products. Also will elaborate an analysis of the determinant conditions of the promotion of ecological medicinal and aromatic plants production, represented by the consumers’ perception, attractiveness and interest. The analysis will require to carry out a sociological study that will involve the survey method. The attitude towards organic production is revealed through questions related to the opinion about medicinal plants from spontaneous or cultivated flora, and also to the consumption preferences in the form of tea, infusions, natural products, cosmetics, packaging and presentation style. The main questions that define the tastes are related to herb consumption rate, the production of medicinal plants by individuals and/or farmers, plant type (ecological culture or spontaneous flora, Romanian or from import). Â","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"202 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86835747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza to Productivity of Barley on Contrasting Cropping Systems, in Central Greece","authors":"D. Beslemes, Evangelia L. Tigka, D. Vlachostergios, D. Bilalis","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:11818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:11818","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on productivity of barley, under different levels of fertilization on organic or conventional agricultural systems. In addition, the mycorrhizal dependency of each system was studied for all fertilization levels. Experimental field was settled in central Greece, on clayey soil and experiments were conducted under real field conditions, in a split plot design. Two mycorrhizal treatments were combined with five fertilization treatments, in three replications. Growth parameters (e.g. plant height, total biomass production, seed yield, Leaf Area Index, Harvest Index) were monitored throughout cultivation period. Percentage of root AM colonization and mycorrhizal dependency were also measured for each treatment. Results indicated that AM inoculation had a positive effect on growth parameters and final productivity of barley. Plants of inoculated plots reached higher final height, higher LAI, and higher seed yield. Inorganic fertilization suppressed AM root colonization, especially when higher rates of inorganic fertilizers were applied. In contrast, organic fertilization did not suppressed AM colonization, especially in the case of AM inoculation. Mycorrhizal dependency was higher for the low-input cropping systems. In the present research work, we demonstrated that AM inoculation can positively affect growth and productivity of barley, in both organic and conventional cultivation.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"12 6 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83483518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The presence or the absence of schools: what impact for rural communities in Hungary and Romania?","authors":"Zsuzsanna Kassai, C. Pocol, T. Farkas","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12020","url":null,"abstract":"In rural communities, a school can be defined as an ‘axis mundi’. Besides providing basic education, the school represents an important cultural and social pivot. The aim of the study was to identify the links between the characteristics of rural areas in Hungary and Romania (population characteristics, employment and welfare characteristics, housing and infrastructure characteristics) and the school closure phenomenon. Secondary data were analyzed in order to describe the situation of each country. The preliminary results revealed problems related to the decrease of schools’ number, due to the unfavorable demographical situation and to the consolidation process. Despite the ambiguous findings, it is possible to say that rural communities with schools have a higher level of welfare. Even though in both countries school closures had a negative impact on the community, it is not implied that in those communities the worst living conditions were recorded. A limitation of the current study was the lack of the same set of variables for the two countries, which made difficult the comparison between them. Further research is needed in order to find out new correlations and interrelations and to prove them as statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"45 1","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89582663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Identification of Carcinogenic Substances in Some Environmental Components in Ilfov County","authors":"A. Supeanu, N. Belc, Cristian Duicu, T. Supeanu","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12019","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying potentially carcinogenic substances in the environment represents the primary action step that should be taken in order for us to claim to have a healthy and safe agriculture. Unfortunately, this is not always the case and our foods and waters may not be as safe as we believe them to be. The present elaborate had the purpose of identifying possible carcinogenic contaminants, in a direct correlation with the culture environment - water source and soil, in Ilfov county, Romania. Water : 14 samples were collected from household wells, targeted for the analysis of various chemical and physical parameters, including nitrates, nitrites, pesticides, dioxins, furans, etc. The results have shown a scattered level of pollution with nitrates of the groundwater aquifers, due to the incorrect administration of fertilizers that has especially affected the individual wells from the investigated areas. Soil : 32 crop soil samples were harvested from the upper level (0-20cm, belonging to the same areas as the water samples. Various quantities of mineral nitrogen were determined, either as nitrates or as nitrites. No carcinogens, from the groundwater aquifers investigated, with sufficient levels to contaminate the soil and affect the agricultural products were identified. The analysed water is fit for agricultural irrigations, but is not to be used for human consumption. For soils, the extremely spread distribution of the nitrogen proves that the nitrogen based fertilizers are being used in an irrational manner, thus the danger for environment pollution and for the alteration of animal and human health. The presence of potentially toxic metals was also investigated, elements that, except for arsenic, turned out to be within normal limits.The investigated elements from the Berceni, Glina, Popești-Leordeni and Ulmi areas do not present any significant dangerous quantities which proved the fact that the local agricultural technology is functioning normally, producing vegetal and animal foods free of elements with a potentially carcinogenic effect. The rest of the investigated areas, respectively Buda, Bragadiru, MAƒgurele, Vidra and CopAƒceni, have shown the presence of potentially carcinogenic elements that exceed the normal limit, most likely based on an improperly implemented agricultural technology.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"193 1","pages":"116-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88449377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of land and crops based on satellite images Landsat 8: case study SD Timisoara.","authors":"Mihai Hrebei, F. Sala","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12007","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture benefits increasingly from the several services of related areas, including satellite technology and informatics, which have a substantial contribution lately. The present study aimed to analyze and classify the habitat, and crops of the SD Timisoara based on spectral information from satellite images. Analysis of the habitat and agricultural crops was done with ArcGIS 10 software based on satellite images Landsat8. Of the tested algorithms, Maximum Likelihood was used and as method, the supervised classification was used in order to analyze the spectral information contained by satellite images. The high and stable level of the correlation between spectral bands and satellite index NDVI recorded in May, has determined that satellite images from the certain month should be used for the classification the territory, evaluation of crop structure and areas occupied by them. There was an interdependent relationship between NDVI index and Band 543 having high statistical accuracy (p<< 0.001, R 2 = 0.820).  Analysis done by supervised method based on Maximum likelihood algorithm has facilitated land and crop classification in four classes in the year 2013 and six classes in the year 2014 and the determination of crop areas with high level of accuracy.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"10 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84609106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host Plant Species of the Cicada Metcalfa Pruinosa in Romania","authors":"M. Vlad, I. Grozea","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:11383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:11383","url":null,"abstract":"Metcalfa pruinosa (Say) is an invasive species native to North America, accidentally introduced to Europe, more specifically to Italy in 1979. In Romania it was observed for the first time in Constanta and a year later it was found in Timisoara, in the Western part of Romania too. In its place of origin the cicada consumes over 120 species of plants meanwhile in Europe, over 300, which indicates an emphasized polifagism. The aim of our studies was to identify new host plants and habitats in Romania. Observations took place in 13 counties of Romania in order to identity new host plants and habitats. Observations were performed in counties: Timis, Arad, Bihor, Hunedoara, Sibiu, Mures, Alba, Cluj, Mehedinti, Dolj, Salaj, Ilfov and Arges. The host plants were identified and the degree of attack was evaluated. The degree of attack was correlated with the number of host plants from an observation point. The number of attacked species was the highest in Timis county, where the degree of attack was also the highest, with an average value of 4.0. The most attacked plant species belonged to genera: Prunus, Buxus, Rosa, Hibiscus, Acer and Ligustrum. There is a positive correlation between the number of attacked plant species and the degree of attack. It has been found that where the diversity of plant species is high, Metcalfa pruinosa also has a larger population, and it is more likely to find the optimum plants for nutrition.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"62 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86244092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Tillage and Irrigation on the Maize Production","authors":"V. Simionescu, Monica Tanc, M. Rusu, D. Pleşoianu","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12018","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this project is to elaborate a non-conventional tillage system for various agro-pedo-climatic areas of Romania, characterized by the reduction of drought effects and production stability, the reduction of technological inputs and increase of economic efficiency, the efficient capitalization of limited water resources, soil preservation and environmental protection. By comparison with the traditional tillage system for maize, namely plowing, the experiment is statistically backed, with the significance very significantly negative. If we relate to the vibromix tillage, the productions are statistically backed and are very significant in the version cultivated in conditions of 100% irrigation and 50% irrigation. The research has been carried out at the Valul lui Traian Station for Agricultutral Research and Development. The experiments were placed according to the method of subdivided plots, in three repetitions on the field, with tillage systems adapted to the local conditions and consisted of the following versions: the level of water supply (three graduations), deep loosening of the soil (two graduations), basic tillage (three graduations).  Maize reacted very well to tillage. Taking into account the high cost of irrigation in Dobrudja, these results support the farmers by offering solutions for the need to reduce production costs without diminishing production. The analysis of the yield obtained in maize as an effect of tillage shows that the chisel plow works are statistically very significant. Maize reacts well to vibromix tillage when the field is chisel plowed or not and/or irrigated-not irrigated, resulting in productions that are quantitatively close to those obtained by plowing, but with a capitalization rate higher than in this version. The research results showed us that a chisel plow work done every three or four years and irrigation with only 50% of the AHI can result in productions close the ones obtained by irrigation with 100% of the AHI.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"145 1","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80512882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication techniques. A case study: negotiation in a bank","authors":"Sorina Dîrjan, Sebastian Călin Vac","doi":"10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15835/BUASVMCN-AGR:12022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a case report, which analyzes in terms of quality the negotiation process from two particular standpoints: the banking and project management areas. Although the domain of the legal persons credits analysis, and that developing project management are relatively similar, since both treat the analysis, development and implementation of projects for business, yet each of these fields has their own peculiarities, determined primarily by the fact that: while, as a credit analyst, you are the bank ”consultant” (you represent the financing party) and you promote its interests, as a project manager you are the the customer’s ”consultant” (meaning the legal entity beneficiary of funding). Therefore, although the areas of activity are related, the manner of reporting differs systematically: top-bottom or bottom-up. The research methods are based on the analysis of the instances encountered in practice, the study taking into account over two hundred credit analysis and over thirty written and/or implemented projects. Our study shows that depending on which side of the negotiating table the subject is located (the positions of the financier or financed), then the practice of projects implementing (in both cases) demonstrates that all the situations presented are real, possible, often encountered and the best tactics in solving them is prevention, avoiding to reach sensitive situations, completed by a professional, honest and cooperative attitude maintained throughout the entire project implementation.","PeriodicalId":9380,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca","volume":"22 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83314387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}