Psychiatry international最新文献

{"title":"The Acceptability of Lying and Its Relationship with Other Personality Constructs among a Sample of Adults","authors":"Anthony Quinn, J. Grant, S. Chamberlain","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010009","url":null,"abstract":"Lying is seemingly common in daily life, but it is scarcely researched despite its possible relevance to understanding a range of pathological behaviors and associated deception. Our aim was to investigate whether the acceptability of lying might indicate other personality constructs by analyzing a variety of questionnaire responses collected from a cross-sectional sample (n = 138). Total scores for lying acceptability were moderately associated with Machiavellianism and with functional impairment due to lying at work, in social settings, and at home. Scores for these tests were not closely associated with problematic usage of the internet, self-esteem, or religious activity/religiosity. Three distinct groupings produced by a multidimensional scale informed us of how lying might be better understood as an explanatory mechanism for compulsive behaviors. We also noted possible avenues for future research into the acceptability of lying and deception.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44235160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sense of Coherence as a Resource in Promoting Well-Being and Managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study","authors":"Paola Manfredi, A. Morotti, C. Tomasi","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010008","url":null,"abstract":"When investigating the feelings of caregivers to patients with T1DM, parental stress, anxiety, and depression are found to be most prevalent, especially in the diagnostic phase and in the first months after diagnosis. In this pilot study, we research various significant elements regarding the well-being of mothers with children between 10 and 15 years of age with a chronic condition. The study focuses on a period of at least three years after the child’s diagnosis. The aims of the study are to describe our sample’s levels of satisfaction (SWLS) and subjective happiness (SHS) and to evaluate possible associations. A sample of 40 mothers was offered a series of assessment tools about psychological skills that could play a role in improving mothers’ well-being: the use of specific coping mechanisms (CISS), the methods of narrating the experience of life with a son/daughter with diabetes, the sense of coherence (SOCS 29), health parameters vs. child’s disease (HbA1c, CBCL), and socio-demographic, such as education and work. The most significant associations with respect to subjective happiness are with the sense of coherence, as a unitary value and as distinct factors, and with task-oriented coping. Sense of coherence is also associated with satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47647658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrants and Mental Health: Equal Rights but Different Needs","authors":"P. Girardi, Martina Nicole Modesti, A. Del Casale","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010007","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the number of international migrants worldwide—people residing in a country other than their country of birth—reached almost 281 million [...]","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48089731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Elite in Imperial China: Their Destinies as Documented by the Historical Literature and Their Personality as Defined by the Contemporary Five-Factor Model","authors":"Bingren Zhang, H. Fan, Wen Wang","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The association between personality and life outcome has been widely studied in Western countries, and one might question whether the association exists in China. The official documentation from the Twenty-Six Histories of Imperial China, which presents life-long data on the social elite, may offer a convenient way to realize this effort. Meanwhile, a possible association might help identify competent personalities and offer treatment hints for personality disorders or other psychiatric deviations worldwide. Methods: Based on these historical records (about 618–1911 AD) on 18 social elite groups with long longevity (Macrobian group) and 30 with normal lifespans (Control group), we assessed personality traits/facets using the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and destiny using the Destiny Evaluation Questionnaire (DEQ). Results: Compared to the Controls, the Macrobian group scored higher on the DEQ’s Health and Destiny in General and lower on the NEO-PI-R traits Openness to Experience and Extraversion and facets such as Openness to Fantasy, Openness to Aesthetics, Openness to Feelings, Excitement-Seeking, and Self-Consciousness. In the Macrobian group, the Trust and Compliance facets predicted the DEQ’s Family and Marriage and Social Relationships aspects, respectively; Conscientiousness and its facets Dutifulness, Self-Discipline, and Competence predicted Family and Marriage, Career Achievement, and Destiny in General, respectively; and the Self-Consciousness facet predicted worse performance in Career Achievement, Family and Marriage, and Social Relationships and the Depression facet of Destiny in General. In the Control group, Openness to Feelings positively and Anxiety negatively predicted Health. Conclusions: Less self-focused attention and more interdependence between individuals were beneficial to several aspects of individual destiny in Imperial China, which might be profound for the individual career development and clinical treatment of personality disorders in contemporary society.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perplexing Mental Health Comorbidity of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS): A Case Study","authors":"Jennings Hernandez","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010005","url":null,"abstract":"The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is an unusual and uncommon condition that falls under the umbrella of neurology and psychiatry. It is characterized by the presence of complex perceptual and visual discord. Additionally, there are visual hallucinations that are multi-dimensional. This syndrome was first described by John Todd in the 1950s, and it was loosely based on the book Alice in Wonderland. A man in his 30s arrived at his doctor’s appointment with a chief complaint of a pounding cluster headache that lasted over a full day. In addition, he mentioned that there was an aura preceding his headaches. The pain was so intense, it was debilitating him from routine activities. Before the headaches, he explained that he would sense bizarre physical and visual behaviors. During these episodes, he explained that things around him appeared distorted and of various sizes. Things in his room appeared to be more distant than they really were and larger in size (macropsia and micropsia). He described the fingers on his right hand to be much smaller compared to his left hand (micropsia). Objects around him were deformed and distorted (metamorphopsia). His symptoms lasted 45 minutes. He did not suffer from any previous headaches or hallucinations. He was a healthy man with a clean bill of health as per his medical records. Upon examination, the attending physician described the patient as alert, oriented to time and place, and under no obvious distress. All labs performed returned normal including a 10-panel drug test. These were tested to see if he was under the influence of any narcotic, stimulant, or other substances. The physician prescribed 500 mg of valproic acid to take daily. Three months later during his follow-up, he mentioned his symptoms had subsided but were still present. His dose was again increased to 1000 mg/day, eventually stopping all further symptoms from surfacing. He has not had another episode in three months. The Alice in Wonderland Syndrome is known to be associated with headaches with preceding auras. It is common in the pediatric and adult populations. In this paper, I introduce a case of a patient who displays migraines with preceding auras, indicative of AIWS.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Psychiatry International in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010004","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45217568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior Contracts in Psychiatric Practice and Everyday Situations: A Psychological and Psychiatric Viewpoint","authors":"H. Ino, E. Nakazawa, A. Akabayashi","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010002","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, “difficult” patients have gained attention, and behavior contracts have been introduced into clinical practice. This is because some patients behave inappropriately toward healthcare providers, and behavior contracts require patients to refrain from such behavior. However, it has been highlighted that behavior contracts have ethical problems. We present an ethical analysis of behavior contracts from the viewpoint of psychiatric practice and patient psychology. We analyze why patients become “difficult” for medical practitioners and explain why consideration must be given to the psychological aspects of the patient and the burden of mental illness. Behavior contracts are inappropriate because they do not consider individual patients’ psychological or psychiatric conditions and are applied uniformly. Moreover, the behavioral model that behavior contracts assume is not justified by today’s psychiatry. Furthermore, in this article, we show how behavior contracts promote the stigmatization of mental illness. For these reasons, we argue that the use of behavior contracts in clinical practice is not ethically justified. However, we add that physical violence against healthcare providers should not be tolerated under any circumstances.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47700541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catatonia Due to General Medical Conditions in Psychiatric Patients: Implications for Clinical Practice","authors":"V. Peritogiannis, Dimitrios V. Rizos","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010003","url":null,"abstract":"Catatonic syndrome is frequently observed over the course of severe mental disorders and general medical conditions, but when catatonia occurs in psychiatric patients with co-morbid medical or neurologic conditions, diagnosis and management may be challenging. Several medical conditions may cause catatonia in psychiatric patients, but some, such as brain injury, infections, hyponatremia and critical illness, may be most relevant in this population. Alongside appropriate etiologic treatment, benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy in refractory cases are effective and safe, and may resolve catatonic syndrome rapidly. When newly-onset psychotic symptoms in catatonic patients with established psychotic disorders occur, delirium should be suspected and appropriately managed. An extensive clinical and laboratory diagnostic workup to determine the underlying etiology of catatonic syndrome should be carried out. In cases of acute multi-morbidity, the exact cause of catatonic syndrome in psychiatric patients may be unclear. It is recommended to avoid antipsychotic drugs in acutely catatonic patients, because they may exacerbate the catatonic symptoms. The akinetic type of catatonia should be differentiated from hypoactive delirium, as treatments for these syndromes differ substantially. When a psychiatric patient presents with symptomatology of both catatonia and delirium, treatment is particularly challenging.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41764952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Risk Factors Related to COVID-19 among Canadian Public Safety Professionals","authors":"Shannon L. Wagner, P. M. Di Nota, D. Groll, L. Lentz, Robyn E. Shields, R. Carleton, H. Cramm, Becky Wei Lin, G. Anderson","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4010001","url":null,"abstract":"Public safety personnel (PSP) are known to experience difficult and demanding occupational environments, an environment that has been complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Firefighters, paramedics, and public safety communicators were among the front-line workers that continued to serve the public throughout the course of the pandemic. The present study considered the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported symptoms of mental health challenges in Canadian firefighters, paramedics, and public safety communicators. Participants were firefighters (n = 123), paramedics (n = 246), and public safety communicators (n = 48), who completed an online survey, including demographics, questions related to COVID-19 exposure and worry, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Social Interaction Phobia Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5. Results revealed that risk factors for increased mental health symptom reporting were paramedic occupation, self-identified female, younger in age, COVID-19 personal contact, requirement to self-isolate, and self-perception of COVID-19 contraction (without confirmation through testing). The COVID-19 pandemic should be considered a risk factor for increased mental health symptom reporting in PSP.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Clara Kretschmer, Burcu Göz Tebrizcik, E. Dommett","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint3040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint3040031","url":null,"abstract":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition impacting children and adults. Current treatments are limited and there is increasing interest in the use of mindfulness, which is growing in popularity. Previous systematic reviews have typically focused on specific ages, outcome measures or interventions. The current review aimed to take a more comprehensive approach. Title and abstract searches were performed in five databases for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials or pre-post studies with participants with an ADHD diagnosis or a score above a clinically relevant cut-off on a validated ADHD measure. Studies had to measure symptoms of ADHD, global or social functioning. Extraction of key information including participant status (i.e., diagnosis, scale scores, comorbidities, medication use), study design, and outcome measures was conducted. Effect sizes (Hedge’s g) were calculated and where a measure had been used in at least three studies with the same population, meta-analyses were considered. Twenty-nine studies were initially identified, with seven deemed poor quality and removed from further analysis leaving, 22 studies containing data from 1237 children and adults with ADHD along with data from 525 family members. The data indicate possible benefits of mindfulness on self-compassion, quality of life, wellbeing, depression, and anxiety. The findings also suggest that mindfulness may also improve ADHD symptoms, executive function, problematic behaviours, and emotional dysregulation, although results vary by age of patient and measures used. Parent stress and parenting style have received limited attention, highlighting the need for more studies in these areas. Whilst the data presented suggest that mindfulness may be beneficial, the evidence base is not as strong as the popularity of the approach. Many of the studies lacked blind assessment, adequate randomization, or suitable control conditions. As such high-quality controlled studies considering medication, other psychosocial interventions, use of active and in active controls and comorbidity as well as longer follow-up periods, are needed to confirm this.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43520881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}