Psychiatry international最新文献_第10页

Psychiatric Illness and Medical Decision-Making Capacity: A Retrospective Study in Medical Settings 精神疾病与医疗决策能力:一项医疗环境的回顾性研究

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1020012

D. Sangroula, Pranita Mainali, K. Hagi, S. Peteru

{"title":"Psychiatric Illness and Medical Decision-Making Capacity: A Retrospective Study in Medical Settings","authors":"D. Sangroula, Pranita Mainali, K. Hagi, S. Peteru","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1020012","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of medical decision-making capacity (DMC) is one of the common encounters in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) services. It is a common misbelief that patients with “psych history” lack capacity more often than patients without mental illness. The study aims to examine the relationship between mental illness and DMC in patients presented to acute medical settings. The study is a retrospective chart review, where data were collected from the patients admitted to the medical units and assessed for capacity by a psychiatrist. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared between two groups (patients having capacity and lacking capacity) using t-tests or chi-square tests, as appropriate. The commonest reason for DMC evaluation requests was for the patients who wanted to leave the hospital against medical advice. Overall, 53% (52/98) of the patients evaluated for DMC were found to lack capacity. Group of patients lacking DMC had a significantly higher percentage of males (58% vs. 35%) but were significantly less employed (8% vs. 10%). No significant difference was observed in other demographic characteristics and primary psychiatric diagnoses (past and current) among the two groups. However, patients lacking capacity were found to have a significantly more occurrence of current (48% vs. 11%) and past (23% vs. 4%) history of neurocognitive disorder, and larger trend significance (31% vs. 15%) of active psychiatric symptoms. We conclude that patients with neurocognitive disorders and active psychiatric symptoms might have poor DMC but not all patients who have psychiatric diagnoses lack medical DMC. Larger studies especially in outpatient psychiatric settings are suggested to derive more conclusive results.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1020012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45176021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Women Undergoing Medically Assisted Reproduction 接受医学辅助生殖的妇女的围产期情绪和焦虑症

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-11-08 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1020011

A. Koukopoulos, L. De Chiara, Margherita Oresti, G. Kotzalidis, A. Viola, Margherita Di Giammarco, G. Sani, M. Bonito, G. Angeletti

{"title":"Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Women Undergoing Medically Assisted Reproduction","authors":"A. Koukopoulos, L. De Chiara, Margherita Oresti, G. Kotzalidis, A. Viola, Margherita Di Giammarco, G. Sani, M. Bonito, G. Angeletti","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1020011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women taking advantage of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) techniques may differ from spontaneously conceiving women (nonMAR) in risk of depression and/or anxiety. We aimed to investigate possible differences between MAR and nonMAR through the use of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in a sample of Italian-speaking women at their third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: We administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to two groups of pregnant women, MAR and nonMAR, at the third trimester of pregnancy (T0), one month after delivery (T1), and three months after delivery (T2) from February 2013 to December 2019. EPDS total scores cutoffs were ≥9 for risk of depression, 9–11 mild depression, ≥12 major depression, and the EPDS-3A cluster ≥4 was a proxy for anxiety. Results: Included were 1303 nonMAR women and 92 MAR, an expected disproportion. NonMAR and MAR women did not differ on depression or anxiety at any assessment timepoint. MAR women were older than nonMAR, consumed more alcohol and medical drugs, and displayed more complications during pregnancy. Scoring over the threshold on depression risk was associated with foreign nationality, unemployment, psychiatric history of the patient, family or partner, psychiatric problems in past pregnancies, hyperemesis, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and stressful life events in the last year at baseline, and, for some of them, at other timepoints. In contrast, MAR past or current was associated with having suprathreshold depression at the first-month postpartum follow-up. Conclusions: Taken together, our data show that women opting for MAR do not differ from spontaneously conceiving women regarding psychiatric outcomes but do differ on some sociodemographic and clinical variables.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1020011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47694887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of a Twelve-Month Comprehensive Program of Cognitive Training for Alzheimer Patients: A Pilot Study 一项为期12个月的认知训练对阿尔茨海默病患者的影响:一项初步研究

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1020010

Álvaro Rodríguez-Mora, J. Cordón, Gabriel G. de la Torre, José M Mestre

{"title":"The Impact of a Twelve-Month Comprehensive Program of Cognitive Training for Alzheimer Patients: A Pilot Study","authors":"Álvaro Rodríguez-Mora, J. Cordón, Gabriel G. de la Torre, José M Mestre","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1020010","url":null,"abstract":"Research has shown that non-pharmacological therapies can be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), significantly delaying cognitive decay. However, most AD interventions did not last beyond six months. Hence, little is known about the effect of these programs in the AD patients after six months of treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the twelve-month Comprehensive Program of Cognitive Training (CPCT) for a sample of AD patients and to compare the results with the average annual rate of change. Thirty-nine AD patients participated in the study. The CPCT consists of a set of cognitive stimulations, intervention in activities of daily life (ADL), and motor training for 12 months. All patients were evaluated at baseline and in three-month intervals via the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). After CPCT implementation, there were no significant differences in the MMSE, IADL, and GDS evaluations between baseline and twelve months. Concerning the CAMCOG evaluation, there was no significant difference between the baseline and sixth-month assessments. Overall, the participants’ cognitive functioning did not decline when compared to the average annual rate of change. The CPCT extends the benefit of non-pharmacological interventions for AD patients to twelve months. Its implementation might provide the patients’ relatives with some guarantee concerning the delay of the disease. Future research may investigate the efficacy of the CPCT in comparison with a control group and over a more extended period.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1020010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43769236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Exploring the Association between Cannabis Use and Testosterone Levels in Men Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment 接受美沙酮维持治疗的男性使用大麻与睾酮水平的关系探讨

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1020008

Darren B. Chai, Tea Rosic, M. Bawor, Z. Samaan

{"title":"Exploring the Association between Cannabis Use and Testosterone Levels in Men Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment","authors":"Darren B. Chai, Tea Rosic, M. Bawor, Z. Samaan","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1020008","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis and opioids are substances that affect reproductive health. Opioids suppress testosterone and studies have shown that cannabis may increase testosterone. However, there is minimal research describing the endocrine effects of concurrent cannabis and opioid use. We hypothesize that cannabis use improves opioid-induced testosterone suppression. To test this hypothesis, we used cross-sectional data from a prospective cohort study including 122 men enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We measured serum testosterone with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at study enrolment. Urine drug screens were collected for 15 months and identified 52.5% of participants (n = 64) as cannabis users. The association between cannabis use and testosterone level was examined using regression models with serum testosterone as the dependent variable. In our multivariable regression, methadone dose was associated with lower serum testosterone (β = −0.003, 95% CI-0.005, −0.001, p = 0.003). However, neither cannabis use as a dichotomous variable nor the percentage of cannabis-positive urine drug screens were significantly associated with serum testosterone (β = 0.143, 95% CI −0.110, 0.396, p = 0.266, and β = 0.002, 95% CI > −0.001, 0.005, p = 0.116, respectively). Therefore, it does not appear that cannabis has an association with testosterone levels in men on MMT.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1020008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44722970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Mindfulness and Sleep Quality is Mediated by Emotion Regulation 正念与睡眠质量的关系是由情绪调节介导的

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1020007

Garrett Talley, J. Shelley-Tremblay

{"title":"The Relationship between Mindfulness and Sleep Quality is Mediated by Emotion Regulation","authors":"Garrett Talley, J. Shelley-Tremblay","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1020007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep is critical to a person’s overall physical and mental health. The current study investigated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality, to determine if this relationship is influenced by emotion regulation and perceived stress. Method: Three hundred sixty-seven undergraduate students responded to five self-report measures, (1) The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R), (2) The Impact of Event Scale (IES-R), (3) The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), (4) The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and (5) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Results revealed (1) sleep quality was predicted by the presence of hyperarousal, acting with awareness, and the CAMS-R, (2) the Impact of Event Scale was moderately positively correlated with a person’s global score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and (3) the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality was mediated by hyperarousal. Conclusions: Together, our findings suggest that higher levels of intrusive thoughts, avoidance, and hyperarousal are correlated with lower overall sleep quality, and the use of mindfulness techniques such as acting with awareness and being non-reacting to negative thoughts or hyperarousal may help predict an individual’s sleep quality.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1020007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47722080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Shifting to Remotely Delivered Mental Health Care: Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic 转向远程提供精神卫生保健：新冠肺炎大流行中的质量改进

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/PSYCHIATRYINT1010005

P. Daigle, A. Rudnick

引用次数: 4

Evolution of International Psychiatry 国际精神病学的演变

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/PSYCHIATRYINT1010004

P. Girardi, L. Bonanni, G. Kotzalidis, F. Fiaschè, A. Del Casale

{"title":"Evolution of International Psychiatry","authors":"P. Girardi, L. Bonanni, G. Kotzalidis, F. Fiaschè, A. Del Casale","doi":"10.3390/PSYCHIATRYINT1010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/PSYCHIATRYINT1010004","url":null,"abstract":"International psychiatry is currently facing serious challenges triggered by the global economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. These global events lead to the need to broaden our nosographic and therapeutic horizons, and to make use of the newest psychological approaches and the latest neuroscience acquisitions. The focus should be on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, not only on people suffering from mental disorders, but also on the general population, for which the risk of developing psychic symptoms appears to be increased. A population that needs special attention is that of health workers involved in the management of the pandemic. In facing these problems, psychiatry today can use numerous new clinical applications and technologies in the fields of precision medicine. These include genomics, neuroimaging, and microbiomics, which can also be integrated with each other through machine learning systems. They can provide new contributions both in treatment personalization and in the evolution of nosographic systems. Besides this, the contribution of psychotherapies and dynamic and clinical psychology appears to be indispensable for a complete understanding of the clinical and personological aspects of patients. This journal aims to include innovative studies deriving from original, clinical, and basic research in the fields of mental health, precision psychiatry, genomics, neuroimaging, neuropsychopharmacology, and dynamic and clinical psychology.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/PSYCHIATRYINT1010004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Neurodevelopmental Disorders Induced by Maternal Immune Activation: Toward a Prevention Strategy in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic 母体免疫激活所致神经发育障碍:新冠肺炎大流行时期的预防策略

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-08-18 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1010003

K. Sakurada, Y. Noda

引用次数: 7

Taking Youth Suicide Prevention to the Schools: Pilot Evaluation of School-Based Clinician Outcomes and Perspectives of a Multi-Modal Program Including Post-Training Online Consultations for Management of Ongoing Suicide Risk 将青少年自杀预防带到学校：学校临床医生结果的试点评估和多模式计划的前景，包括培训后在线咨询，以管理持续的自杀风险

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1010002

K. Gwyther, B. McKechnie, Helen Nicoll, Elon Gersh, C. Davey, J. Robinson, E. Mawson, Caroline Crlenjak, S. Rice

{"title":"Taking Youth Suicide Prevention to the Schools: Pilot Evaluation of School-Based Clinician Outcomes and Perspectives of a Multi-Modal Program Including Post-Training Online Consultations for Management of Ongoing Suicide Risk","authors":"K. Gwyther, B. McKechnie, Helen Nicoll, Elon Gersh, C. Davey, J. Robinson, E. Mawson, Caroline Crlenjak, S. Rice","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1010002","url":null,"abstract":"School-based youth-specific suicide prevention and early intervention initiatives are presently underdeveloped. The current study conducted a pilot evaluation of a multi-modal suicide prevention training program for school-based social workers, ‘Management of Youth Suicidality Training for Schools’ (MYSTS). The program comprised a two-day workshop and six fortnightly post-workshop webinar online consultations. Participants were 36 social workers (years’ experience M = 11.23, SD = 8.29) employed by the Department of Education in Tasmania, Australia. Outcomes were self-rated confidence, competence, and knowledge of self-harm in young people, and attitudes toward suicide prevention and suicide-related behaviors. Exploratory quantitative results indicated significant improvements with large effect sizes for participants’ self-reported competence (d = 1.33), and confidence (d = 1.29) to identify and respond therapeutically to youth suicidality following the workshop. Confidence remained significantly higher than baseline following the online consultations (d = 0.90). Qualitative analysis of online supervision consultations indicated key themes of accessibility, communication and information sharing, and clinical management. Participants endorsed the MYSTS package as well-presented, with relevant topics, and effective learning activities. This study highlights the need for continued supervisory or implementation support to practitioners following suicide prevention training initiatives and suggests web-based teleconference technology as a feasible strategy for this. Further evaluation of the MYSTS package, including a suitable comparison or control condition, is indicated.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1010002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46773086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convergent and Ecological Validity of Mother and Child Reports of Children’s Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Diverse Sample of Mother–Child Dyads 儿童抑郁症状母婴报告的收敛性和生态有效性：来自不同母婴死亡样本的证据

Psychiatry international Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint1010001

Tyler B. Mason, G. Margolin, G. Dunton

{"title":"Convergent and Ecological Validity of Mother and Child Reports of Children’s Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Diverse Sample of Mother–Child Dyads","authors":"Tyler B. Mason, G. Margolin, G. Dunton","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint1010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint1010001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the convergent and ecological validity of a multi-informant approach through retrospective measures and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) from mother–child dyads. In 202 mother–child dyads, mothers completed parent-proxy retrospective measures of their child’s depressive symptoms and their own depressive symptoms. Children completed self-report retrospective measures of their own depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and sleep quality; and self-report EMA of affect across 8 days. Results showed that parent-proxy and child self-report retrospective measures of depressive symptoms were weakly positively correlated (r = 0.23); this association was stronger for non-Hispanic mothers compared to Hispanic mothers (p = 0.048). Parent-proxy retrospective measures were moderately positively associated with the mothers’ own retrospectively reported level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.33). Parent-proxy and child self-report retrospective measures were negatively associated with the children’s average EMA happiness (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), but only the children’s retrospective measures were positively associated with EMA sadness (p = 0.001). In multivariable models, the children’s retrospectively reported depressive symptoms were significantly associated with lower self-esteem and reduced sleep quality, while parent-proxy retrospective reports were only associated with the mother’s own depressive symptoms. Overall, the current study provides evidence for the convergent and ecological validity of children’s self-reports of depressive symptoms. However, there was limited validity for parent-proxy reports, and parent-proxy reports may be highly influenced by the mothers’ depression.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/psychiatryint1010001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4