Psychiatry international最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Lockdown Effects on Mood: Impact of Sex, Age, and Underlying Disease","authors":"Pantea Kiani, Pauline A. Hendriksen, Jessica Balikji, Noortje R. Severeijns, Annabel S. M. Sips, Gillian Bruce, Johan Garssen, Joris C. Verster","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4040030","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown periods had a significant negative impact on people’s lives and psychological well-being. However, the impact of lockdowns differed between individuals. This study aimed to identify vulnerable groups and investigated the relationship between mood and perceived immune fitness and the number and severity of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands. In addition, the impact of emotion regulation and other preventive measures was considered. The aim of the study was to identify possible differences according to sex, age, and the presence of underlying disease. A two-part online survey among N = 1415 individuals of the Dutch population (18 to 94 years old) was conducted in the summer of 2020. N = 541 of these participants also completed part 2 of the survey. A series of questionnaires was completed on mood, quality of life, lifestyle, immune fitness, and the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Retrospectively, the period before the first lockdown (15 January–14 March 2020) was compared with the first lockdown (15 March–11 May 2020). The analysis revealed that the lockdown period was associated with significantly poorer mood, poorer immune fitness, and reduced quality of life. Poorer mood was associated with a significantly reduced immune fitness and a significant increase in the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Mood changes did not differ significantly between men and women. Some mood effects were significantly more pronounced for individuals with underlying diseases (depression, fatigue, and stress) and younger individuals (depression and loneliness). Regarding lifestyle factors, no significant lockdown effects were seen according to underlying disease status. During the lockdown period, women reported a decline in nutrition scores, which was not seen in men, whereas they reported receiving more support from family and friends than men. Regarding age, younger individuals reported a significantly greater negative impact on physical activity and being active than the older participants. No differential effects for the groups were found for health correlates. In conclusion, significant negative lockdown effects on mood, quality of life, and immune fitness were observed across the population. The effects were significantly more pronounced among young individuals and those with underlying disease.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prospect of Focal Ultrasound in the Treatment of Mental Disorders","authors":"Carlos Trenado, Nicole Pedroarena-Leal, Diane Ruge","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030029","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorders critically affect an individual’s quality of life by disrupting cognitive abilities and emotional states and are a major health burden worldwide. At present, psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions are the main approaches to target the symptoms associated with such disorders; however, some patients become treatment-resistant and thus, alternative treatments are needed. Focal ultrasound (FUS) is an emerging non-invasive therapeutic technology that relies on the use of sound waves to target brain regions with high specificity and without the need for incision or radiation. As a result, FUS has been proposed as a potential treatment for mental diseases as it may help to overcome several issues of current neuromodulation approaches. Here, we discuss basic neuroscience and clinical studies on the application of FUS and highlight perspectives and challenges of the technology as well as opportunities, for instance, regarding stimulation of deep brain structures with potential implication in modulating brain neuroplasticity of relevant cortical and subcortical pathways.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Game Transfer Phenomena in a Clinical Case with Psychosis and Gaming Disorder","authors":"Huu Kim Le, A. B. Ortiz de Gortari, Annabel Callan, Daragh Poynton, Daniela Vecchio, Wai Chen","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030028","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the interplay of Gaming Disorder (GD) with psychotic processes in schizophrenia. Only a few clinical cases involving video game playing and psychotic symptoms have been previously reported in literature. This case report describes a 24-year-old male diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and GD. Our case, Patient G, had premorbid excessive video game playing and Game Transfer Phenomena (GTP) prior to the onset of his schizophrenia illness. GTP are common among gamers and are characterised by abnormal perceptions, intrusive thoughts, and temporal change on behaviours related to the content of video games. However, GTP are not necessarily of delusional intensity for meeting the threshold of psychosis. The relapse in Patient G’s paranoid schizophrenia was associated with recent cannabis use, social withdrawal, and excessive video game playing. Patient G’s psychotic symptoms were influenced by video game themes and the movie “Matrix”, including the delusion that he was in a video game and that people around him were “non-playable characters”. Awareness of GTP can help clinicians to demarcate GTP from psychotic features and identify their interactions, given the ensuing treatment implications. Our case report highlights the importance of GTP, which in some cases may be an early sign of developing mental illness and could have implications for early intervention and prevention of illness onset and complications.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48397036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Addiction and Depression among Syrian College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sarya Swed, Haidara Bohsas, Hidar Alibrahim, M. A. Rais, Mohamed E G Elsayed, A. Nashwan, M. M. Hasan, Mohamad Nour Nasif, Bisher Sawaf, M. K. Albuni, Elias Battikh, Rawan Abo Kash, S. Shoib","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030027","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Problematic internet use (PIU) or internet addiction has become increasingly prevalent, and concerns about its impact on mental health and social functioning have grown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PIU among Syrian university students and its relationship with their demographics, internet user behavior, and mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students in Syrian government universities between 12 April and 29 May 2022. The survey included the Beck Depression Inventory and the Internet Addiction Scale. Results: Out of 2891 participants, 75.2% were female, with an average age of 21.87. The average Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score was 49.4, and the overall prevalence of PIU was 89%. Furthermore, 93.0% of participants displayed possible signs and symptoms of depression. PIU was significantly linked with physical abuse (p = 0.001) and mental stress (p = 0.0001). Internet addiction is (AOR:1.723, COR:2.289) fold more likely to occur in those with more than 8 h of sleep per night than in those who sleep for less than 6 h (p-value < 0.05). Unadjusted regression analysis showed that 13 predictors of the independent variables were statistically significant in predicting the presence of internet addiction, such as participants who suffered from a breakup (COR:2.039), domestic violence (COR:2.136), physical abuse (COR:2.190), or mental stress (COR:2.621) were more likely to be affected by internet addiction than those who did not (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The study found a high rate of internet addiction among Syrian medical students, with those experiencing mental health problems and depression symptoms more likely to be internet addicts. To prevent PIU, students should be encouraged to participate in extracurricular activities, such as sports, and awareness programs should be enhanced to highlight the negative effects of internet addiction.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43106986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocaine Effects without Cocaine: Increasing Happiness with Self-Regulation Therapy in a Single Session","authors":"S. Amigó","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030026","url":null,"abstract":"The psychological reproduction of cocaine’s ability to increase happiness was studied. The first part of this study consisted of building and validating an instrument to measure the stable and transient aspects of happiness via the 10-item Happiness Trait–State Scale (10 HTSS) in a sample of volunteers (N = 128). In the second part, Self-Regulation Therapy (SRT, a procedure based on suggestion and classic conditioning) was applied to all the participants to increase their relaxation during a single session. The relaxation session slightly increased happiness. A subgroup of participants who were cocaine users (N = 33) took part in a second session to reproduce the stimulant and euphoric cocaine effects. That was a “mental” reproduction session to simulate the effects of cocaine. For both conditions, all the participants filled in the 10 HTSS at the beginning and the end of the session to compare scores and to prove if the happiness state increased. For the cocaine condition, happiness markedly increased, especially in comparison to the increase during the relaxation session, for both the total group and the cocaine users group. Although this increase was achieved during a single session, similar previous studies with more continuous training and monitoring suggest that improvement in emotions can be durable and long term.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43213261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Treatment Response in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: Outcomes of a Randomized Trial","authors":"K. Khalid, W. C. Ang, Aimi Izwani Mohd. Nazli, R. Jamaluddin, Syed A. A. Rizvi","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This report aims to compare the effectiveness between electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) among patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and the associated factors. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of a randomized, controlled, open-label trial conducted from 1 July 2018, to 31 December 2018. The dataset of 90 patients included in the study was retrieved from Mendeley Data. Patients with TRD were randomized 1:1 into either receiving ECT or tDCS. A good treatment response was determined as an improvement from the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) baseline score at a rate of more than or equal to 50% at the end of a 2-week intervention. A mixed-effect logistic regression was performed to explain the hierarchical data structure of predictors to successful treatment outcome. Results: The largest magnitude of change was consistently observed in the ECT treatment arm across both HAM-D score and the clinical global impression severity scale (CGI-S) scale (p < 0.001). Lower baseline HAM-D scores (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.92), lower baseline CGI-S scale (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.55), and ECT as the choice of treatment modality (OR: 14.0, 95% CI: 5.08, 38.58) independently predicted successful therapy among TRD patients, while modelling with multiple logistic regression determined that low socio-economic status (aOR: 20.01, 95% CI: 1.89, 211.47), ECT (aOR: 31.7, 95% CI: 6.32, 159.0) and a lower baseline CGI-S scale (aOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.57) were significantly predictive of a positive treatment outcome among patients with TRD. Conclusions: ECT was more effective in alleviating depressive symptoms in TRD as compared to tDCS.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Brain Fog of Long COVID Syndrome: A Hypothesis","authors":"T. Norman","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030024","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus has exacted a significant toll on the global population in terms of fatalities, health consequences, and economics [...]","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41869451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Report on the Efficacy of Music Therapy to Optimize the Compliance of Rett Syndrome Patients Attending Oral Hygiene Procedures","authors":"Mario Tortoriello, A. Frosolini, Sara Pianigiani, F. Cascino, G. Gabriele, P. Gennaro, Stefano Parrini, Massimo Viviano","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Individuals with intellectual developmental disability (IDD) often face barriers in accessing dental care. The main aim of the present study was to test the feasibility and the outcome of oral hygiene (OH) procedures in Rett syndrome (RS) patients, and a secondary aim was to test the utility of music therapy during dental hygiene procedures. Methods: A case group (Group 1) of female patients with RS (stage 3 of disease, age > 5 years and <18 years) and a control group of age-matched healthy females (Group 0) were formed, and subgroups received the intervention of oral hygiene combined with a music therapy (Subgroup 1M and Subgroup 0M) or standard oral hygiene (subgroup 1W and subgroup 0W). The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) was used to assess the effectiveness of oral hygiene measures. Results: The OHI-S at T0 was 1.41 in Group 1 and 2.58 in Group 0 (p value < 0.001). The mean duration of the oral hygiene treatment was 7018″ (SD 3272″) in Group 1 and 873″ (SD 161″) in Group 0 (p value < 0.001). The mean duration of OH was significantly higher in Subgroup 1M and Subgroup 0M. Discussion: Based on the results of our case-control study, OH procedures can be successfully performed in RS patients with good compliance and efficacy. In addition, our study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that music therapy may be a useful adjunct, as it appears to improve patient cooperation.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42035362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Adverse Drug Reaction of Anti-Depressants in Adult Patients: A Nepalese Perspective","authors":"Uday Bir Shahi, Ashish Acharya, S. Timalsina, A. Gautam, K. Swain, Sandesh Panthi","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030022","url":null,"abstract":"Background of the study: Depression is a prevalent mental disorder characterized by various symptoms, including low mood, lack of pleasure, changes in appetite and sleep, and difficulty concentrating. Antidepressants are commonly used to manage depression as well as other related disorders, such as anxiety and somatoform disorders. This study aimed to investigate the adverse drug effects experienced by adult patients who were using antidepressants at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital in Nepal. Methods: This study was a retro-prospective, observational study consisting of 117 adult patients under antidepressant medication. The adverse drug profile for the patients was collected using an antidepressant side effect checklist developed by the NHS foundation trust. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Result: The study group consisted of adult patients using antidepressants at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. The mean age of the group was 40.9 ± 12.8, with 63.2% females and 36.7% males. The most common conditions for which antidepressants were prescribed were depression (49.5%), anxiety disorder (31.6%), and somatoform disorder (13.6%). Amitriptyline was the most commonly used medication in monotherapy (64.1%), followed by escitalopram and sertraline. Dry mouth, weight gain, drowsiness, blurred vision, problems with sexual function, and an increase in appetite were the most commonly reported adverse effects. The incidence of certain adverse effects was higher in the multiple therapy group than in the monotherapy group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of adverse drug effects is high in patients taking antidepressants, especially those receiving multiple medications. Educating patients about common side effects and prescribing monotherapy whenever possible are crucial in reducing the incidence.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69807645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Guide or to Self-Guide?: Predictors of Preferring a Guided Introduction to Digital Resources That Promote Postpartum Mental Health","authors":"Ariana M. Albanese, Betsy E. Smith, P. Geller, J. Bloch, Chris Sikes, Anthony J. Kondracki, J. Barkin","doi":"10.3390/psychiatryint4030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4030021","url":null,"abstract":"The first postpartum year presents threats to the mental health of birthing parents and obstacles to accessing care. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) hold potential to increase postpartum mental healthcare access. However, DMHIs tend to promote limited engagement particularly when they are self-guided (when they do not involve contact with a provider). Yet, given that provider support is a limited resource, a balance must be struck between accessibility and intervention intensity (i.e., involving more human contact). Towards achieving this balance, this analysis seeks to identify characteristics that are associated with a reported preference for a human-guided introduction to digital resources aimed at promoting postpartum mental health. In a sample of largely White, non-Latinx, employed, married, and graduate school-educated individuals, multivariate logistic regression revealed that age (p = 0.0095), level of postpartum functioning (p = 0.0057), depression symptoms (p = 0.0099), and anxiety symptoms (p = 0.03) were associated with guide preference. Specifically, more anxious or lower-postpartum-functioning individuals were more likely to report preferring a guide while older or more depressed individuals were less likely to report preferring a guide. These findings can inform clinical recommendations surrounding who is most likely to engage with, and thus benefit from, exclusively self-guided DMHIs during the postpartum period.","PeriodicalId":93808,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry international","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43832689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}