Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative Stress in Endometrial Flushing Fluid of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Endometrioma and Uterine Leiomyoma: Comparison with Healthy Controls","authors":"M. Demir, Onur Ince, B. Yilmaz, M. Barut, Ulviye Cansu Ozturk, A. Kilic, A. Turp, R. Sutcu, S. Taysı","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2020.1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2020.1091","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome, myoma uteri and endometrioma are frequently seen gynecologic problems and all three diseases may cause infertility. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare total antioxidant status, ceruloplasmin, total sulfhydryl , total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide and oxidative stress index levels in endometrial flushing fluid of patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (n=20), uterine leiomyoma (n=20), endometrioma (n=19), and healthy women (n=20). STUDY DESIGN: We compare endometrial flushing fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (n=20), uterine leiomyoma (n=20), endometrioma (n=19) and healthy women (n=20). Endometrial flushing fluid samples were collected during the implantation window of all women. RESULTS: Mean age of groups was 28.90±5.45, 37.25±2.73, 32.84±6.62 and 32.15±5.18 in Polycystic ovary syndrome, myoma uteri, endometrioma and control groups, respectively (p<0.05). Mean total antioxidant status, ceruloplasmin and total sulfhydryl levels indicating antioxidant state were comparable between Polycystic ovary syndrome, myoma uteri, endometrioma and control groups (p=0.806, p=0.156, p=0.328 respectively for markers). Similarly, oxidant state-related markers didn’t differ significantly between 4 groups (p=0.090 for total oxidant status, p=0.087 for lipid hydroperoxide, p=0.312 for oxidative stress index). CONCLUSION: Endometrial flushing fluid total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide, ceruloplasmin, and total sulfhydryl levels during implantation window didn’t differ between women with Polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine leiomyoma, endometrioma, and healthy controls.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84872470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Apoptosis Value of Cumulus Cells Play a Role in Rescue Oocyte in Vitro Maturation?","authors":"T. Irez, Sinem Ercan Dogan, E. Ciraci, Saadet Busra Aksoyer, M. Toprak, Nurten Dayioğlu, O. Guralp","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2020.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2020.1087","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the cumulus cell’s apoptosis parameter in the maturation of immature rescue oocytes. STUDY DESIGN: In this experimental study, donated immature germinal vesicle oocytes were cultured for, in vitro maturation, embryo development in matured germinal vesicle oocytes were compared with apoptotic properties of cumulus cells. RESULTS: In all of the immature oocytes after oocyte in vitro maturation, the maturation rate has been observed as 56.1% and 2PN rate as 63.0%. Afterin vitro maturation of germinal vesicle oocytes, there was no difference in apoptosis rates of the cumulus cells between mature and immature oocytes (p> 0.05). The ratio of 2PN in matured germinal vesicle oocytes showing embryo development was 35.4%. A positive correlation was found between luteinizing hormone values on day 3 and E2 values during HCG days during oocyte maturation and embryo development (p=0.021, p=0.020). In addition, it has been observed that the germinal vesicle oocytes, which have completed their maturation and developed into embryos, have high E2 values during HCG days (p=0.020). CONCLUSION: In our study, it has been demonstrated that in vitro maturation in rescue oocytes from stimulated cycles, embryo development potential could not be explained by the apoptosis parameter.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89626833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Course of Untreated and Treated Chronic Hepatitis B in Pregnant Patients: A Prospective Study","authors":"Y. Nadir, A. Batırel, A. Y. K. Karsidag, F. Narter, A. Nadir","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2020.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2020.1084","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Implementation of strategies to prevent vertical transmission is highly important steps in reducing the global burden of chronic hepatitis B. We conducted this prospective study to observe the clinical course and outcomes of untreated and treated HBV in pregnant. STUDY DESIGN: HBsAg-positive pregnants were prospectively enrolled from 2013 to 2016 and antiviral therapy was administered to eligible patients. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were determined in the treated (n=29) and untreated group (n=136). Active-passive immunoprophylaxis was administered to infants and they were tested for HBsAg. RESULTS: The risk factors for transmission (HBeAg positivity, history of previously-born HBsAg-positive child) were significantly higher in the treated group. All participants under treatment had sufficient viral suppression. Half of the pregnant women for whom the treatment was withheld at the postpartum period, experienced increased viral load. The treated group had significantly higher pre- and postpartum alanine aminotransferase levels more than the untreated group, although there were no significant differences in other biochemical parameters. There were no significant differences regarding fetal outcomes between the two groups. All infants were HBsAg-negative at seven months postpartum. CONCLUSION: While the untreated group included inactive carriers, there were more patients at risk for transmission of HBV to their offsprings in the treated group. Half of the pregnant women for whom the treatment was withheld at the postpartum period, experienced increased viral load. Antiviral therapy did not adversely affect the outcomes of infants. As a result, we successfully prevented perinatal HBV transmission by close monitoring of participant pregnant women and starting antiviral therapy when needed.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83193427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the Morbidities Associated with Different Early Treatments in Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Patients","authors":"S. Saha, Sujata Saha","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2020.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2020.1094","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: A tubo-ovarian abscess needs hospitalization and early treatment with parenteral antibiotics only or along with imaging-guided drainage. This meta-analysis juxtaposes between these interventions - the length of stay in hospital in days, surgery requirement for those not responding to the initial treatment, and readmission. STUDY DESIGN: The eligible papers searched in various databases (PubMed, Central, Embase, and Scopus) irrespective of their language or date of publication. The Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal tool and Cochrane collaboration tool were used to appraise observational and randomized controlled trials, respectively. When a comparable outcome was reported from at least three studies of similar study design, they were included in the meta-analysis (fixed-effect model). Otherwise, outcomes were reported narratively. RESULTS: From 164 studies, five eligible papers (four non-randomized studies and one randomized controlled trials) were reviewed. These studies sourced data from 609 tubo-ovarian abscess patients. Overall, all studies had at least one unclear risk of bias components. The length of stay in the hospital among the tubo-ovarian abscess patients favored the initial parenteral antibiotic only treatment (WMD= -3.26; 95% CI= -4.93 to -1.58; p<0.001; I2=80.9%; p-value of Cochranes Q=0.005); however, on sensitivity analysis (meta-analysis with random-effect model) this difference disappeared. Less than three studies of a particular study design reported each of the remaining outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current evidence on how these outcomes vary between the juxtaposed interventions received by the tubo-ovarian abscess patients remains inconclusive due to the inadequate number of good quality randomized controlled trials","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Expression Pattern of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase-2 in Immature Oocytes and Surrounding Cumulus Cells May Explain A Disrupted Oocyte Maturation Process","authors":"G. Kuspinar, B. Avcı","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2020.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2020.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the gene expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 in the cumulus-oocyte complex with the level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 in follicular fluid and follicle diameter, oocyte maturation, and fertilization capacity. Study Design: As the study group, 26 cumulus-oocyte complexes and 26 follicular fluids obtained from immature (n=10) or unfertilized mature oocytes (n=16) and as the control group, 26 cumulus complexes and 26 follicular fluids surrounding mature and fertilized oocytes were retrieved one by one totally from 32 patients in 32 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Results: There was no significant efficacy of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 gene expressions in cumulus complexes and the level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 in follicular fluids in terms of oocyte maturation stage. The level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 in follicular fluids and follicle diameters showed a significantly positive correlation in the mature and fertilized oocyte group (r=0.414; p=0.035). Conclusions: Although the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 gene expressions in immature oocytes and their cumulus cells were similar to those in oocytes that have completed their nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, the level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases-2 in the follicular fluid and follicle diameter correlation may lead to new clinical approaches in cases of premature follicular rupture before oocyte maturation is completed.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85236592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conception via Assisted Reproductive Techniques: an Independent Risk Factor for\u0000Poor Perinatal Outcome","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.04.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.04.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) are well established treatments offered in the sub-fertile couple. As a\u0000consequence, obstetricians increasingly have to manage high risk pregnancies without any formal guidelines to\u0000follow. We carried out a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risks of ART using data from 11875 women (11326\u0000spontaneously conceived pregnancies and 549 using ART) in order to propose a policy to better manage them\u0000antenatally. Outcome measures included induction of labour, method of and gestation at delivery, gestational diabetes\u0000mellitus, and small for gestational age, anal sphincter injury, post-partum haemorrhage and neonatal morbidity and\u0000mortality. The ART group had higher rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (18.9% vs 9.4%, P <0.0001), small for\u0000gestational age (9.1% vs 5.6%, P=0.001), instrumental delivery (19.6 vs 11.8%, P<0.0001), emergency caesarean\u0000section (26.8% vs 15%, P<0.0001) and post-partum haemorrhage >1500mL (6.9% vs 3%, P<0.0001). Lower\u0000Apgar scores (2.6% vs 1.4%, P=0.03) and admission to neonatal unit were more likely in the ART group (10.2% vs\u00005.4%, P<0.0001). Our results suggest that antenatal monitoring for gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal growth,\u0000appropriate counselling regarding mode and timing of delivery and active management of 3rd stage of labour, are\u0000essential when managing high risk ART pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81929402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alarin Level Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Subjects with Gestational\u0000Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.04.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.04.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Alarin has been reported to ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetis mellitus. However, until now, there is no\u0000report examined the relationship between alarin and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the purpose\u0000of this study is to examine the level of alarin in subjects with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. 30 healthy\u0000and 30 gestational diabetes mellitus subjects were recruited for this study. A 2-hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance\u0000test (OGTT) was performed at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy. GDM were diagnosed using nationally endorsed criteria\u0000(fasting [FPG], 1- or 2-hour blood glucose [at least one abnormal value]. Plasma alarin level was measured by\u0000ELISA. Plasma alarin levels were significantly higher GDM subjects than in healthy individuals (12. 3±1.4 ng/mL vs\u00007.8±0.8 ng/mL; p < .05).1- (18. 8±1.9 ng/mL) and 2-hour (24. 2±3.1 ng/mL) alarin levels in women with GDM were\u0000significantly increased at OGTT compared with women without GDM [1- (9.4±0.9 ng/mL); 2- (9.7±0.6 ng/mL)].\u0000Plasma alarin positively correlated with FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and insulin). The above results suggest that alarin\u0000might be associated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75044687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Infertile Women\u0000at a Tertiary Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.04.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.04.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy, individuals living with HIV are living longer,\u0000with improved quality of life. However, HIV infection has a negative impact on the fertility potential of infected\u0000individuals. With the rising number of such individuals intending to exercise their reproductive intentions to have\u0000genetic offspring, each fertility clinic should devise strategies to help them realise such.\u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection among the infertile women\u0000attending our gynaecology clinic.\u0000Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the gynaecology clinic of the Department\u0000of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria, from January\u00001, 2017 to December 31, 2019. Three hundred consecutive infertile women attending the clinic were recruited for\u0000the study based on the eligible criteria. Questionnaire was used to obtain the data of each subject. Rapid tests were\u0000conducted on the subjects’ venous blood to determine their HIV and HBV serostatus. Data were analysed using\u0000Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPPS), version 25.0. Frequency tables were generated and the level of\u0000significance set at less than 0.05.\u0000Results: The mean age was 32.32 years. Subjects were predominantly Christians (99%). Majority of them (99%)\u0000were married. Nine percent, 49% and 42% had primary, secondary and tertiary education respectively. The HIV\u0000seroprevalence of the subjects was 7.7%. The HBV seroprevalence of HIV positive subjects was 69.6%. The HIV and\u0000HBV coinfection rate was 65.2%. Spousal HIV seropositivity (p = 0.000), tuboperitoneal factor (p = 0.006) and HBV\u0000seropositivity (0.000) had a statistically significant association with subjects’ HIV seropositivity.\u0000Conclusion: The HIV seroprevalence of the infertile women in this study was high; the HBV seroprevalence and\u0000HBV coinfection rates were also high among the HIV positive subjects. It is pertinent for each fertility clinic to devise\u0000strategies to assist HIV positive infertile subjects to achieve their reproductive intentions.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82230222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Birth Weights of Pre-Delivery Anemic and Non-Anemic Routine Iron Supplemented Pregnant Women","authors":"T. Atakul","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2020.991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2020.991","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pre-delivery hematological parameters on birth weight and to compare their relationship with maternal age and parity in women who had taken routine iron supplementation during pregnancy STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted among low-risk pregnant women who were delivered at term. Pre-delivery hematological parameters and clinical information were extracted from patient files and compared with birth weights. Women with known hematological disorders, women with the previous history of intravenous iron treatment and the ones who did not regularly use iron supplementation were excluded. RESULTS: All patients (1066) had undergone complete blood testing before delivery. Mean values for hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell count and red cell distribution width were as follows; 10.9g/dL (±1.4), 34.6 % (±4.3), 84.6fL (±7.8), 4.1g/dL (±0.4), and 14.2 % (±2.5), respectively. When all patients are evaluated, 300 (28%) of them were found to be anemic according to Word Health Organization criteria but not for the former ACOG cut-off, which was 9.5 g/dL. There was no significant association between pre-delivery anemia and birth weight. However, the anemic women group was found to be slightly younger than non-anemic ones according to both criteria. CONCLUSION: Our results documented that younger age was associated with more pronounced anemia before delivery. This study did not show any association between pre-delivery anemia and low birth weight irrespective of maternal age. There is a need for further reports investigating the prognostic importance of hemoglobin reduction during pregnancy for infant birth weight in specific age groups and placental insufficiency related conditions.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82781149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentiality of Postponing Menopause through Ovarian Auto-graft Transplantation","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.04.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.04.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Menopause is a critical stage in the life of women in which the menses stop with loss of fertility. Deprivation of female\u0000hormones especially estrogen might be accompanied with some physical and psychological disorders. Therefore, this\u0000mini-review aimed to highlight the anatomy of the ovary at different age stages and to discuss the possibility of using\u0000technology of cryopreservation in postponing the menopause to alleviate its associated disorders and ensure healthy\u0000life for women. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation has been successfully used for rescuing the harvested ovary from\u0000destruction that could be caused by chem- or radiotherapy used in cases of cancer management. Then, slices of such\u0000tissues re-implanted into the patients give good results restoring the fertility and hormonal production. Therefore, it is\u0000suggested that trials to re-transplant ovarian auto-graft might be performed to postpone the menopause in volunteers\u0000in order to preserve endocrine function of ovary.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80408613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}