Journal of analytical techniques and research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Graded Levels of Moringa Oleifera Leaf-Meal In Albino Rat Diet on Some Hematological Parameters","authors":"Ari-egoro Ye, Peter Folorunsho AYODELE, Oyeleke Om","doi":"10.26502/jatri.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jatri.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at investigating the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf-meal (MOLM) on some haematological parameters of male albino rats. Sixteen (16) albino rats were randomly selected into four (4) groups; a control group (group A) and three experimental groups (groups B, group C and group D) containing four (4) animals per group. Group A was given normal diet, groups B, C and D were provided with MOLM diets containing 37.5 gm, 56 gm and 75 gm respectively. They were fed with water ad libitum daily for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, haematological parameters (white blood cell count, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, haemoglobin count and differential white blood cells) were determined. The result showed significant differences (P 0.05) was shown in the white blood cell count when compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study revealed that MOLM possesses nutritional benefits and this was indicated by its effects on RBC, PCV, haemoglobin and lymphocyte of the animals.","PeriodicalId":93773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical techniques and research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69367325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Three Different Ethanolic Extract against Isolates from Diseased Rice Plant","authors":"Chaudhary Durgeshlal, Mohammad Sahroj Khan, Shah Aditya Prabhat, Y. Prasad","doi":"10.26502/jatri.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jatri.007","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major fungal disease of rice that farmers are facing today were rice blast and sheath blight. These diseases cause drastic decrease in the productivity and become a problem in related to the consumption. The main objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of Datura metel, Jatropha carcus and Ruellia tuberosa ethanolic leaf extract against the isolated pathogen causing sheath blight and rice blast disease of rice. This study employed experimental research method with completely randomized design wherein sheath blight isolates were tested into three different concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of the three plant extracts while rice blast isolates were tested in 100% concentration of the three plant extracts. The food poisoned technique assay was used to access the antifungal activity of different three ethanolic extract and was done with three replications. The results showed that the ethanolic leaf extract of D. metel and J. carcus has the highest antifungal activity at 100% concentration against isolated pathogen causing sheath blight having98.611 ± 1.589% and 98.588 ± 1.589 of mycelial inhibition, respectively. Whereas, J.carcus and R.tuberosa has highest antifungal property against rice blast having 97.436 ± 0.555% and 97.115 ± 0.96% respectively. The three plant extracts exhibited high percentage of mycelial inhibition compared to mancozeb. Therefore, the extracts from these three plants have an active potential to inhibit the growth of fungus and can be used as bio fungicide to control infection of rice blast and sheath blight in rice. Since these bio fungicides came from plants, the negative effect for the environment and other organisms will be inhibited and can also support the goal of the government in finding on how to delimit the use of chemical fungicides. To assert the effectiveness on the actual field management of plant health, in vivo trials are recommended.","PeriodicalId":93773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical techniques and research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69367326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Heavy Metals Comparison in Processed Tomato Paste and Fresh Tomatoes Sold in a Market in Umuahia Metropolis of Abia State Nigeria","authors":"Kelechi E. Onwuka, Aghalibe U. Christopher, Igwe Jc, Achulonu Victor","doi":"10.26502/jatri.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jatri.004","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are among the largest contaminants of food products. Once metals are present in vegetables, their concentrations are rarely modified by industrial processing techniques, although in some cases washing may decrease the metal content. In this study, levels of heavy metals in tinned, sachets, tomato pastes and fresh tomatoes sold in markets in Umuahia, Nigeria were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The result obtained for tinned tomatoes were: iron, 0.03 -2.78 μg/g; lead, 0.01-0.18 μg/g; chromium, 0.03-0.05 μg/g; copper, 0.01-0.04 μg/g; nickel, 0.03-0.1 μg/g; zinc, 0.06 0.11 μg/g; calcium, 0.04 -0.8 μg/g and cadmium, 0.00-0.01 μg/g. The mean values for sachet tomatoes were: iron, 0.38-0.84 μg/g; lead, 0.03-0.18 μg/g; chromium, 0.03-0.04 μg/g; copper, 0.02-0.04 μg/g; nickel, 0.03-0.08 μg/g; zinc, 0.049-0.14 μg/g; calcium, 0.4-1.02 μg/g, while cadmium was not detected. The mean concentration values in fresh tomatoes sold in markets and farm land were: iron, 0.025-0.075 μg/g; lead ranges between 0.03-0.19 μg/g; chromium, 0.00-0.27 μg/g; copper, 0.002-0.10 μg/g; nickel, 0.00-0.15 μg/g; zinc, 0.05-013 μg/g; calcium, 0.24-0.74 μg/g; while cadmium was not detected in all fresh and farm land samples. These values indicate that levels of investigated metals in the analyzed tomatoes were below the permissible levels of metals recommended as dietary intake in tomato.","PeriodicalId":93773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical techniques and research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69367313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Median Lethality Dose of Xylopia aethiopica Fruit Ethanol Extract","authors":"Akinloye Oa, Peter Folorunsho AYODELE, A. Ore","doi":"10.26502/jatri.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jatri.005","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to assess the median lethality dose of Xylopia aethiopica fruit ethanol extract (XAFEE) administration on sixteen albino rats. The animals were assigned to four groups (n=4). Each group was administered orally as single arithmetic doses of 1000 mg/kg b.w, 2000 mg/kg b.w, 3000 mg/kg b.w and 4000 mg/kg b.w respectively. The animals were monitored and examined for about 24 h, thereafter, for mortality after the extract administration. Maximum dose with 0% and minimum dose with 100% mortality were recorded as 3000 mg/kg b.w and 4000 mg/kg b.w. Thus, the median lethality dose (LD50) is 3,464 mg/kgb.w.","PeriodicalId":93773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical techniques and research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69367322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cognitive Reserve using Near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"A. Medvedev","doi":"10.1101/276865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/276865","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive reserve (CR) is the ability to preserve cognitive functions in the presence of brain pathology. One commonly used proxy measure of CR is IQ. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), patients with higher CR show better cognitive performance relative to brain damage therefore higher CR reduces the risk of dementia. There is a strong need to develop a reliable biomarker of CR given the growing interest in understanding protective brain mechanisms in AD. Recent fMRI studies indicate that frontoparietal network may play an important role in the maintenance of cognitive reserve. The goal of this study was to measure functional connectivity (FC) of the prefrontal cortex using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to study the relationship of prefrontal FC with cognitive abilities and motoric skills. We analyzed resting state optical data recorded from prefrontal cortex in 13 healthy individuals who were also assessed by Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) test and the Purdue Pegboard test (PPT). For each participant, activity of each prefrontal channel was correlated with all other channels and positive correlation coefficients were Fisher-transformed and averaged over all PFC channels giving the Global Functional Connectivity (GFC) of PFC. The resulting GFC number for each individual was then correlated with the corresponding IQ (WASI full score) and the PPT scores. Prefrontal connectivity was found to positively correlate with IQ while showing the lack of or negative correlation with the Purdue Pegboard subtests. These results demonstrate that the cost-effective and noninvasive NIRS technology can be used to evaluate prefrontal functional connectivity thus providing a neurophysiological measure of cognitive reserve. E-mail address for correspondence: am236@georgetown.edu","PeriodicalId":93773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical techniques and research","volume":"4 1","pages":"89 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42566514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of Single Cell and Single Molecule Studies at Different Biological and Physical Length Scales","authors":"Wenfa Ng","doi":"10.7287/peerj.preprints.3261v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3261v1","url":null,"abstract":"Scale transcends multiple levels of biological and physical organization, and is the critical factor that determines success of any scientific investigation. Specifically, the scale at which a question is posed plays a crucial role in influencing the type of experiments and apparatuses needed. Single cell and single molecule experiments came to the fore of experiment science due to its capability at addressing a fundamental problem in biology and physical science: does the same behavior in cells and molecules transcend different length and population scales? Thus far, single cell experiments could be achieved with trapping of single cell using optical tweezer traps and microfluidic channels. The same, however, is not true for single molecule studies, which remains in the realm of theoretical and simulation studies. Specifically, single molecule experiment remains at the hundreds to thousands of molecules level, where possible skew in the population of molecules sampled could provide a false depiction of molecular reality of a larger population. But, what do scientists learn from single cell and single molecule studies? Is it the uncovering of mysteries of the probabilistic behavior at the single entity level, guided by perhaps quantum mechanics? The answer is no for single cell studies, given that cellular decision making require the input of tens to hundreds of molecular sensors and effectors within a cell. Hence, single cell behavior is not random, but directed at a nutrient or concentration gradient or signaling source. On the other hand, enzymatic catalysis of a single molecule substrate with the active site involves a quantum mechanical crosstalk. Thus, reaction between the substrate molecule and the active site proceeds if suitable energy levels (i.e., quantum mechanical states) are found for both parties. Given that distribution of quantum mechanical states is probabilistic, stochasticity rules single molecule interaction such as a covalent bond formation reaction between reactant A and B. Thus, single cell and single molecule studies do hold relevance in biological and physical sciences research if the correct experiment tool is used for a pertinent question at an appropriate length and population scale. For example, while tremendous amount of basic understanding could be derived from single cell experiments, single cell perspective is not relevant to questions examining the interactions between two large subpopulations of cells. Single molecule experiments, on the other hand, remains in the theoretical and simulation realm for highlighting the effect of quantum mechanics in guiding the behavior of molecules at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":93773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of analytical techniques and research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44593258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}