Antifungal Activity of Three Different Ethanolic Extract against Isolates from Diseased Rice Plant

Abstract

One of the major fungal disease of rice that farmers are facing today were rice blast and sheath blight. These diseases cause drastic decrease in the productivity and become a problem in related to the consumption. The main objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of Datura metel, Jatropha carcus and Ruellia tuberosa ethanolic leaf extract against the isolated pathogen causing sheath blight and rice blast disease of rice. This study employed experimental research method with completely randomized design wherein sheath blight isolates were tested into three different concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of the three plant extracts while rice blast isolates were tested in 100% concentration of the three plant extracts. The food poisoned technique assay was used to access the antifungal activity of different three ethanolic extract and was done with three replications. The results showed that the ethanolic leaf extract of D. metel and J. carcus has the highest antifungal activity at 100% concentration against isolated pathogen causing sheath blight having98.611 ± 1.589% and 98.588 ± 1.589 of mycelial inhibition, respectively. Whereas, J.carcus and R.tuberosa has highest antifungal property against rice blast having 97.436 ± 0.555% and 97.115 ± 0.96% respectively. The three plant extracts exhibited high percentage of mycelial inhibition compared to mancozeb. Therefore, the extracts from these three plants have an active potential to inhibit the growth of fungus and can be used as bio fungicide to control infection of rice blast and sheath blight in rice. Since these bio fungicides came from plants, the negative effect for the environment and other organisms will be inhibited and can also support the goal of the government in finding on how to delimit the use of chemical fungicides. To assert the effectiveness on the actual field management of plant health, in vivo trials are recommended.