Electrochemical science advances最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical hydrogen generation technology: Challenges in electrodes materials for a sustainable energy","authors":"Carlos V. M. Inocêncio,&nbsp;Yaovi Holade,&nbsp;Claudia Morais,&nbsp;K. Boniface Kokoh,&nbsp;Teko W. Napporn","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foresee advanced and innovative strategies is a key approach and constitutes a cornerstone for accessing clean, affordable, and reliable energy to satisfy the world's increasing prosperity and economic growth. To this end, hydrogen energy technologies parade as promising sustainable solutions to the looming energy crisis at either the small or large industrial scale, which will enable to reduce significantly our dependence on conventional energy sources based on fossil fuels without increasing atmospheric CO₂ levels. Water electrolysis with renewable energy is one of the best solutions to produce hydrogen without CO_x (CO and CO₂) emissions. However, the practical realization of this elegant opportunity of paramount importance is facing several challenges, among which are: (i) the efficient design of cathode and anode catalytic materials exhibiting improved intrinsic and durable activity; (ii) the scale-up of the system for the large-scale hydrogen production through the electrochemical water splitting. This review puts these opportunities and challenges into a broad context, discusses the recent research and technological advances, and finally provides several pathways and guidelines that could inspire the development of groundbreaking electrochemical devices for hydrogen production. It also points out the materials design and preparation for the efficient electrochemical production of the molecular hydrogen in acidic and alkaline environments, from a simple electrolytic solution to the water splitting reaction, which is also considered in the process. Furthermore, the main technology keys for designing a reliable electrochemical system will be noticed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46546736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISFET-based sensors for (bio)chemical applications: A review","authors":"Shengli Cao,&nbsp;Peng Sun,&nbsp;Gang Xiao,&nbsp;Qiang Tang,&nbsp;Xinyue Sun,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhao,&nbsp;Shuang Zhao,&nbsp;Huibin Lu,&nbsp;Zhao Yue","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) sensor is a hot topic these years, playing the combined roles of signal recognizer and converter for (bio)chemical analytes. In this review article, the basic concept, origination, and history of the ISFET sensor are presented. In addition, the common fabrication processes, the most-used working principle (potentiometric, amperometric, and impedancemetric), and the techniques of gate functionality (physical, chemical, and biological) are discussed introducing the afterward signal transfer processes from ISFET to the terminals through different types of circuits. At last, the development and recent progress (until 2021) of ions and biomolecules (DNA molecules, antibodies, enzymatic substrates, and cell-related secretions or metabolism) were introduced together with the outlook and facing obstacles (Debye screening, the wearability of ISFET, the multiplexed detections) before the commercialization of ISFET. This review article emphasizes the advantages of the developed ISFET sensors as miniaturization, low-cost, all-solid, highly sensitive, and easy operation for portable and multiplexed detections.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical interfaces in ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents incorporated with water: A review","authors":"Shuai Liu,&nbsp;Zhuo Tan,&nbsp;Jiedu Wu,&nbsp;Bingwei Mao,&nbsp;Jiawei Yan","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100199","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionic Liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising candidate electrolytes in electrochemical fields due to their excellent properties. They can absorb water from the environment quickly, the existence of water in ILs/DESs benefits or harms their performance depending on the purpose of the applications. Therefore, studies on the effect of water on the properties of ILs/DESs have received much attention in recent years. This mini-review provides an overview of the structure of the electrochemical interface in ILs/DESs incorporated with water by summarizing the information acquired from a variety of characterization technologies and simulations. Both our understanding of the interfacial structure and our perspective on further research in the field are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49118737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous electrochemistry: The toolbox for life's emergence from redox disequilibria","authors":"Wolfgang Nitschke,&nbsp;Barbara Schoepp-Cothenet,&nbsp;Simon Duval,&nbsp;Kilian Zuchan,&nbsp;Orion Farr,&nbsp;Frauke Baymann,&nbsp;Francesco Panico,&nbsp;Alessandro Minguzzi,&nbsp;Elbert Branscomb,&nbsp;Michael J. Russell","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The second law of thermodynamics leaves no doubt that life on planet Earth and its inherent substantial decrease in entropy is fundamentally based on mechanisms converting environmental free energy into the spatial and temporal order of metabolic processes. This argument holds for present life as much as it does for its very beginnings some 4 billion years ago. In this contribution, we try to strip down free energy conversion in extant life (known as “bioenergetics” to the biologists) to its basic principles with the aim to potentially retrodict the nature of the pre-biotic precursor which drove life into existence. We demonstrate that these basic principles are deeply rooted in aqueous electrochemistry and strongly rely on inorganic redox compounds. The question of life's emergence, generally considered to fall into the realm of organic chemistry, should therefore rather be recognized as an electrochemical problem and its ultimate elucidation will need to strongly implicate the community of electrochemical scientists.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44384510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) with high energy density and fast charge-discharge capabilities for flexible bioelectronic devices—A review","authors":"Maria Hepel","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100222","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Supercapacitors are a new brand of high-performance nanoengineered devices that match the high capacity of batteries for electric energy storage with the ability of dry capacitors for ultra-fast charging or discharging rates. Thus, supercapacitors are capable of simultaneously providing the high energy-density and high power-density, demanded in a plethora of biosensors and portable electronic devices. In this review, a variety of nanomaterials investigated for possible applications in novel supercapacitors have been evaluated including different carbon nanoforms, metal oxides or hydroxides, chalcogenides, carbides and phosphates, as well as organic redox species, conductive polymers, metal-organic frameworks, MXenes and others. Different strategies for boosting volumetric capacitance, power density and charge or discharge cycling stability of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) designed from these materials have been reviewed and their application potential assessed. Special attention has been given to micro-supercapacitor's designs that are suitable for miniaturization and integration with flexible microcircuits for wearable and implantable biomedical devices, remotely rechargeable sensors, microprocessor-controlled data processing chips, biomorphic computing, smart phone communication, military, automotive applications and emerging technologies. The different strategies applied for MSCs design and fabrication, including femto-laser writing, photolithography, screen printing, stamping, inkjet printing, mask patterning and others, have been assessed. The exciting future perspectives of MSCs have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49276832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin film microfluidic reactors in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: A review on influencing parameters, scaling issues, and engineering considerations","authors":"Faidzul Hakim Adnan,&nbsp;Marie-Noëlle Pons,&nbsp;Emmanuel Mousset","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100210","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of microfluidic electrochemical reactors has been introduced several decades ago, but their application in the field of wastewater treatment is more recent (2010). The parallel development of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) as promising technologies for effluent treatment make them good candidates to be implemented as thin film cells. This allows favoring the mass transfer, which is particularly interesting for heterogenous electro-oxidation. Moreover, the energy requirement is reduced, while there is possibility to treat low-conductivity solutions. This review intends to provide instructions on the main operating parameters to be optimized during the EAOPs treatment. Directions on engineering aspects have been given to overcome the main drawbacks of microreactors, such as fouling, scaling, and low treatment capacity, based on recent encouraging results given in literature. The promising development of hybrid processes that combine electroseparation with electroconversion would also benefit from such reactor designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44815830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane-electrode assembly design parameters for optimal CO2 reduction","authors":"Oyinkansola Romiluyi,&nbsp;Nemanja Danilovic,&nbsp;Alexis T. Bell,&nbsp;Adam Z. Weber","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Commercial-scale generation of carbon-containing chemicals and fuels by means of electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂R) requires electrolyzers operating at high current densities and product selectivities. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) have been shown to be suitable for this purpose. In such devices, the cathode catalyst layer controls both the rate of CO₂R and the distribution of products. In this study, we investigate how the ionomer-to-catalyst ratio (I:Cat), catalyst loading, and catalyst-layer thickness influence the performance of a cathode catalyst layer containing Ag nanoparticles supported on carbon. In this paper, we explore how these parameters affect the cell performance and establish the role of the exchange solution (water vs. CsHCO₃) behind the anode catalyst layer in cell performance. We show that a high total current density is best achieved using an I:Cat ratio of 3 at a Ag loading of 0.01–0.1 mg_Ag/cm² and with a 1.0 M solution of CsHCO₃ circulated behind the anode catalyst layer. For these conditions, the optimal CO partial current density depends on the voltage applied to the MEA. The work also reveals that the performance of the cathode catalyst layer is limited by a combination of the electrochemically active surface area and the degree to which mass transfer of CO₂ to the surface of the Ag nanoparticles and the transport of OH⁻ anions away from it limit the overall catalyst activity. Hydration of the ionomer in the cathode catalyst layer is found not to be an issue when using an exchange solution. The insights gained allowed for a Ag CO₂R MEA that operates between 200 mA/cm² and 1 A/cm² with CO faradaic efficiencies of 78–91%, and the findings and understanding gained herein should be applicable to a broad range of CO₂R MEA-based devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45091168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new programmable dipping robot","authors":"Lena Harms,&nbsp;Nico Roth,&nbsp;Gunther Wittstock","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new dipping robot is presented for the execution of layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition procedures for the modification of electrode surfaces. It is composed of low-budget parts broadly available three-dimensional (3D) printer. New extra hardware components produced by 3D printing and the open-source software can turn such a device into a flexible dipping robot. The required changes in code as well as the printing instructions for the changed hardware components are documented and are made freely available together with tools that allow customizing LbL coating processes. The potential of this very flexible instrumentation is exemplified by a redox-active film of nickel hexacyanoferrate on a gold electrode modified by a monolayer of 3′-mercaptobiphenyl-carbonitrile. Scanning electron microscopy confirm the absence of micometer-sized cracks. It shows the typical voltammetric behavior of that material.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen reduction reaction at conducting polymer electrodes in a wider context: Insights from modelling concerning outer and inner sphere mechanisms","authors":"Viktor Gueskine,&nbsp;Mikhail Vagin,&nbsp;Magnus Berggren,&nbsp;Xavier Crispin,&nbsp;Igor Zozoulenko","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Practical interest in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has traditionally been due to its application at fuel cells’ cathode following its complete 4e route to the water. In search of new electrode materials, it was discovered that conducting polymers (CPs) also are capable of driving ORR, though predominantly halting the process at 2e reduction leading to hydrogen peroxide generation. As alternative ways to produce this “green oxidant” are attracting increasing attention, a detailed study of the ORR mechanism at CP electrodes gains importance. Here, we summarize our recent theoretical work on the topic, which underscores the fundamental difference between CP and electrocatalytic metal ORR electrodes. Our insights also bring to us the attention of outer-sphere electron transfer, not unknown but somewhat ignored in the field. We also put the action of CP electrodes in a more general context of chemical ORR and redox mediation responsible for the electrocatalytic ORR mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47274265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of imidazolium cations on the interfacial structure of room-temperature ionic liquids in contact with Pt(111) electrodes","authors":"Björn Ratschmeier,&nbsp;Björn Braunschweig","doi":"10.1002/elsa.202100173","DOIUrl":"10.1002/elsa.202100173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have gained considerable attention as an important addition to conventional electrolytes because they exhibit large electrochemical windows and can reduce existing overpotentials in electrocatalysis. For the interfacial electrochemistry of ILs, a comprehensive understanding of molecular ions and the resulting electric double-layer structures as a function of electrode potential is mandatory, but the structures are largely different from conventional electrolytes. For that reason, we have studied the interfaces of Pt(111) in contact with ILs using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIM] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium [BMMIM] cations as well as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf₂] anions. We applied vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG), where we interrogate vibrational bands from interfacial cations, anions, as well as interfacial water in situ and under potential control. Structuring of [NTf₂] anions and H₂O with electrode potential show hysteresis while a strong Stark tuning was absent. This indicates that the IL ions are oriented in the vicinity of the interface, without being directly adsorbed to the Pt(111) surface. Using the C-H stretching band from CH groups at the imidazolium ring, the ring reorientation with electrode potential was qualitatively determined. The imidazolium ring reorients as a function of potential from a more parallel orientation to an upright orientation with respect to the interfacial plane. This leads to the formation of voids in the layered structure of ions at the interface, which can be then filled with H₂O as evidenced by an increased SFG intensity from O-H stretching modes that are attributable to hydrogen-bonded interfacial water. Comparing the responses of the ILs, particularly of [BMMIM][NTf₂], shows a compact structure and a significantly pronounced rearrangement of the imidazolium ring that can also facilitates better incorporation of H₂O and significantly affects the reorientation of [NTf₂] anions and, thus, causes a pronounced hysteresis with electrode potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":93746,"journal":{"name":"Electrochemical science advances","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/elsa.202100173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}