{"title":"Structure, relationships and diversity in the community of aphids and aphidophagous species in alfalfa.","authors":"Ivelina Nikolova","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000622","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a need for comprehensive research on the species structure and the population dynamics of the most common aphidophagous species. A critical factor of the effectiveness of aphid biocontrol is the ratio of beneficial polyphagous (generalist) to oligo- or monophagous (specialist) species within the various trophic groups. Aphids' population density and environmental conditions influence the development and potential feeding of useful insects. The present study aimed to determine the community structure, relationships and diversity between aphids and their aphidophagous species in alfalfa fields using the following methods: sweeping with an entomological net, the quadratic method, coloured sticky board method, route survey method and visual observations. Research on the structure of the aphid-aphidophagous community revealed that aphidophagous species belong to three groups: (1) polyphagous predatory bugs from the families Anthocoridae and Nabidae, (2) oligophagous and polyphagous predators from the families Coccinellidae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae; and (3) monophagous and oligophagous parasitoids, primarily from the families Aphidiidae and Ichneumonidae. From mid-May to June, there was a sufficiently large potential for aphidophagous species (Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Chrysopidae, Anthocoridae and Nabidae) to control aphids, while in September, predatory ladybirds from the Coccinellidae family were the main biological control agents. Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) exhibited the highest values of diversity, dominance and richness indices among insect groups in the aphid-aphidophagous community. The existence of diverse aphidophagous species in alfalfa fields suggests that these predators can complement each other, leading to effective biological control of aphids. The synergy among different predator species holds promise for enhancing the overall efficacy of integrated pest management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"789-802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahlam Gabarty, Ali Hammad, Rasha A Zinhoum, Asmaa Ezz El-Dein
{"title":"Suppression of <i>Cadra cautella</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) development by phytosanitary irradiation doses and their impacts on physiochemical and microbiological quality of dates.","authors":"Ahlam Gabarty, Ali Hammad, Rasha A Zinhoum, Asmaa Ezz El-Dein","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000609","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cadra cautella</i> is a serious insect pest of stored figs and dates. The irradiation sensitivity of different development stages of <i>C. cautella</i> and large-scale testing of the proposed irradiation quarantine doses (50-500 Gy), were investigated. The impact of a PI dose of 400 Gy on the physiochemical and microbiological quality of dry dates (Bartamoda cv.) stored at room temperature was also investigated. An irradiation dose of 100 Gy prevented egg hatching in the F1 generation when 1-3 days old eggs were irradiated. Irradiation doses of 200 and 300 Gy prevented adult emergence when 2<sup>nd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae were irradiated. When the pupae stage was irradiated, an irradiation dose of 400 Gy prevented the hatchability of F1 generation, indicating that this stage was the most radio-tolerant. The results of large-scale testing of the proposed phytosanitary irradiation dose (400 Gy) applied to 18, 0000 pupae resulted in no reproduction (zero hatching of F1 generation). There were no significant differences in the physiochemical properties of stored dates during the storage period at room temperature. Stable ESR signal intensity was recorded for 6 months in all parts of the irradiated fruits, and the intensity was highest in the kernel. The PI dose of 400 Gy also slightly reduced all microorganisms' counts. In conclusion, the dose level of 400 Gy stopped the reproduction potential of <i>C. cautella</i>. and they maintained the quality characteristics of dry date Bartamoda fruits during storage at room temperature for 6 months in tightly closed packages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"776-788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Brachytarsina amboinensis</i> (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea: Streblidae) provides new insights into phylogenetic relationships of Hippoboscoidea.","authors":"Jinting Yang, Yujuan Wang, Huijuan Yang, Xiaobin Huang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000762","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The family Streblidae is a significant grouping of dipteran insects within the superfamily Hippoboscoidea, which parasitizes the body surface of bats. With the global spread of bat-related pathogens in recent years, Streblidae has gained increasing attention due to its potential for pathogen transmission. A sample of <i>Brachytarsina amboinensis</i> was sequenced on the <i>B. amboinensis</i> were obtained, compared with available Streblidae mitogenomes, and the phylogeny of Hippoboscoidea was reconstructed. The results indicate that the mitochondrial genome of <i>B. amboinensis</i> exhibits a relatively high degree of conservation, with an identical gene count, arrangement, and orientation as the ancestral insect's genome. Base composition analysis revealed a strong bias towards A and T in the base composition. Selection pressure analysis indicated strong purifying selection acting on <i>cox1</i>. Pairwise genetic distance analysis showed that <i>cox1</i> evolved at a relatively slow rate. Regarding phylogenetic relationships, the constructed phylogenetic trees using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood methods supported the monophyly of the Hippoboscoidea, Glossinidae, Hippoboscidae, and Nycteribiidae clades, with high nodal support values. Our research confirmed the paraphyly of the families Streblidae. In the familial relations between Nycteribiidae and Streblidae, New World Streblidae share a closer kinship with Nycteribiidae. This contrasts with prior findings which indicated that Old World Streblidae share a closer kinship with Nycteribiidae. This study not only enhances the molecular database for bat flies but also provides a valuable reference for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Streblidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"836-846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alteration in microbes changed the contents of oviposition-deterrent pheromones on the <i>Spodoptera litura</i> egg surface.","authors":"Liming Hu, Yirui Chen, Qingjun Wu, Qiumei Zeng, Taoli Zhang, Guohui Yu, Muyang He, Dasong Chen, Xiangning Su, Yuping Zhang, Zhenfei Zhang, Jianmei Shen","doi":"10.1017/S000748532400066X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S000748532400066X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms symbiotic with insects, whether permanently or temporarily, play a crucial role in the nutrition, development, reproduction, defence, and metamorphosis regulation. In some Lepidoptera, oviposition-deterrent pheromones (ODPs) on egg surface were used by pregnant females to modify the behaviour of conspecifics to avoid excessive competition for limited resources. In this study, we constructed four different <i>Spodoptera litura</i> groups, including, OH, OA, SH, and OA, which either feed on different hosts or grow in different environments. The 16S rDNA libraries of microbes from the egg surface of the four groups were constructed and sequenced. According to <i>alpha</i> and <i>beta</i> diversity indices, the microbes in environments and diets considerably influenced the richness, diversity, and community compositions of the microbiota on egg surfaces. The quantity of the main ODP components and the corresponding oviposition-deterrent activity among four groups were significantly differed among the four groups. The result of this study revealed that altering of microbes in environments or diets considerably changed the contents of ODP and oviposition-deterrent activity. As ODPs impart oviposition-deterrent activity towards closely related species, the findings of this study suggest that we should pay more attention to the role of symbiotic microorganisms in changing the ability of insects, especially sympatric species, to occupy the optimal niche when developing novel pest-control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"828-835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Older mothers produce smaller eggs without compromising offspring quality: a study of a thelytokous mite predator (Acari: Phytoseiidae).","authors":"Keshi Zhang, Zhenguo Liu, Zhi-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000658","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Negative relationships between the parental age and offspring life history traits have been widely observed across diverse animal taxa. However, there is a lack of studies examining the influence of parental age on offspring performance using mites, particularly phytoseiid predators as subjects. This study explored the influence of maternal age on offspring life history traits in <i>Amblyseius herbicolus</i> (Chant) (Acari: Mesostigmata), a phytoseiid predatory mite reproducing through thelytokous parthenogenesis. We hypothesised that increased maternal age negatively impacts offspring traits, including developmental duration, body size, fecundity and lifespan. <i>Amblyseius herbicolus</i> was reared under controlled laboratory conditions, and the life history traits of offspring from mothers of varying ages were analysed using linear mixed-effect models. Our results showed that the increase in maternal age significantly reduced individual egg volume, but did not significantly affect offspring developmental duration, body size, fecundity or lifespan. These findings indicate that while older <i>A. herbicolus</i> females produced smaller eggs, the subsequent performance (i.e. body size, fecundity and lifespan) of offspring remained largely unaffected, suggesting possible compensatory mechanisms in the offspring or alternative maternal provisioning strategies. The results of this study offer useful insights into the reproductive strategies of phytoseiid predators and asexually reproducing species, enhancing our understanding of how maternal age affects offspring fitness. Further studies can examine how offspring of <i>A. herbicolus</i> from mothers of different ages perform under adverse environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"820-827"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domenico Giora, Alberto Assirelli, Silvia Cappellozza, Alessio Saviane, Luigi Sartori, Antonella Dalla Montà, Graziella Paglia, Chiara Pavanello, Gianni Fila, Francesco Marinello
{"title":"Mechanisation applied to entomological production cannot ignore insect reactivity: a case study on <i>Bombyx mori</i> in the context of the 'Serinnovation' project.","authors":"Domenico Giora, Alberto Assirelli, Silvia Cappellozza, Alessio Saviane, Luigi Sartori, Antonella Dalla Montà, Graziella Paglia, Chiara Pavanello, Gianni Fila, Francesco Marinello","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000786","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In December 2017 the Venetian Region (local Authority), financed the creation of the Operational Group (OG) 'Serinnovation', within the framework of the Rural Development Plan supported by the European Community. The OG aims at coordinating and spreading innovation in sericulture through mechanisation of processes and centralisation of some rearing steps, the use of waste as by-products and traceability to promote local productions. The project acts on perceived quality by increasing the added value, through production cost efficiency, and on the recovery of the waste material for further applications (circular economy). The final target was to develop a niche-process to obtain traceable 'Made-in-Italy' silk for the luxury market and non-textile applications. A first strategy to increase the efficiency of the process was to build an automatic leaf cutting machine to prepare the feed for the first three instars of the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i> Linnaeus). This new machine - based on a patent - was validated through several tests and compared with the cutting system previously used. The study was completed by a bioassay of production and survival rate associated with the introduction of this innovation. The results showed that labour saving is in the order of 10% compared to a semi-manual process, the leaf quality is not affected, survival of larvae and silk production are not significantly different from the control. This methodology is proposed as a study case for other similar mechanisation processes in entomological production, as the impact of innovations on insect physiology should be carefully considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"859-868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinícius Alcântara Carvalho Lima Santos, Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia, Martín Alejandro Montes
{"title":"Adaptation to different temperatures results in wing size divergence of the invading species <i>Drosophila nasuta</i> (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil.","authors":"Vinícius Alcântara Carvalho Lima Santos, Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia, Martín Alejandro Montes","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000580","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive species threaten biodiversity on a global scale. The success of invasions depends on the species' adaptation to the different environmental conditions of new territories. Studies show that invasive insects present evolutionary changes in wing morphology in areas they are introduced to in response to abiotic conditions. In the last decade, the Asian <i>Drosophila nasuta</i> fly invaded and spread widely throughout Brazil. This insect has preferences for conserved environments and is related to the likely reduction in the abundance of native drosophilids in the Atlantic Forest. Ecological niche modelling analyses showed that rainfall and temperature are the main factors which delimit the geographic distribution of this species. Herein, we verified the existence of significant differences in the wing sizes of <i>D. nasuta</i> in Brazil and evaluated the influence of abiotic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the observed patterns. We conducted 11 measurements on the right-side wings of 240 <i>D. nasuta</i> males collected in the Amazon Forest, <i>Caatinga</i>, <i>Cerrado</i> and Atlantic Forest. Statistical analyses revealed the existence of two groups: one with larger wings, which brought together samples from locations with the lowest temperatures; and one with smaller wings, which corresponded to places with a hotter climate. One explanation for this result is the fact that large wings favour greater heat capture by flies in colder climates, increasing their survival chances in these environments. These rapid evolutionary changes in <i>D. nasuta</i> in this first decade of invasion in Brazil reveal the enormous adaptive potential of this species in this megadiverse country.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"756-762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Cai, Menglan He, Yinfeng Cai, Kai Qiao, Weiyi Huang, Shahzad Munir
{"title":"Dissecting the relationships between the insect vector <i>Empoasca paraparvipenis</i> with <i>Camptotheca acuminata</i> witches' broom phytoplasma.","authors":"Hong Cai, Menglan He, Yinfeng Cai, Kai Qiao, Weiyi Huang, Shahzad Munir","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000646","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited bacteria that are primarily transmitted by hemipteran insects and are emerging threats to <i>Camptotheca acuminata</i> Decne plants due to their associations with a witches' broom disease. Despite numerous studies, there has been no report on insect transmission of phytoplasma among <i>C. acuminata</i>. Here, transmission characteristics of the leafhopper, <i>Empoasca paraparvipenis</i> Zhang and Liu, 2008 and the phytoplasma in plant leaves through PCR quantification are described. The interaction between <i>C. acuminata-</i>phytoplasma and insect vectors was examined by analysing the impact on the life characteristics and progeny population in a temperature-dependent manner. Phytoplasma-infected <i>C. acuminata</i> plant exhibited symptoms including shorter internodes, weak and clustered branches, shrunken and yellowed leaves, and red leaf margins. The acquisition and transmission time of bacterial-infected third-instar nymphs of insect vectors were 10 (11.11%) and 30 min (33.33%), respectively. A single insect vector can infect a plant after 72 h of feeding, and the incidence rate of disease increases with the number of insects following 11-100% from single to 20 insects. The development time of the infected insect vectors (1-3 instars) was significantly shorter than that of the healthy insects, and the development duration of instar individuals was longer. In progeny populations, the higher the phytoplasma concentration (88-0% for 1-5 instars nymph, female and male adults), the shorter the development time and the longer the adult lifetime (both male and female). These findings provided research evidence of phytoplasma transmission by insect vectors; however, further investigation of the mechanisms for prevention and management of phytoplasma diseases is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"812-819"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Cecilia Rodriguez, Flavia Jofré Barud, María Pía Gómez, Jaled Sayra, María Liza López
{"title":"Host influence on life history traits of <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> Wiedemann in an arid region of Argentina.","authors":"Claudia Cecilia Rodriguez, Flavia Jofré Barud, María Pía Gómez, Jaled Sayra, María Liza López","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000506","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fruit fly <i>Ceratitis capitata</i> is a successful generalist due to the trade-off between different variables in its life history traits. The present study aimed to assess some life history traits of <i>C. capitata</i> recovered from peach, plum and fig, three key host species, under the climatic conditions of an irrigation oasis in the arid province of San Juan, Argentina. Pupal abundance, sex ratio and morphometric parameters such as pupal and adult weight, pupal volume, wingspan and head-caudal length were influenced by the host in which the larvae were reared. Sexual maturity, measured as the peak of calling (pheromone emission), was homogeneous on the sixth and seventh days after emergence, but males recovered from fig showed early calling activity on the third day after emergence. The plasticity of <i>C. capitata</i> to adapt its life history traits to specific nutrient variations within the larval environment allows it to colonise and establish populations where key hosts, as those studied here, are available. The knowledge of the interactions between host fruit trees and <i>C. capitata</i> populations provides helpful information for planning the management of local orchards and urban fruit plantations within irrigation oases, taking into consideration the concept of key hosts as peach and fig.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"729-736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Congai Zhen, Rui Wu, Yao Tan, Ansheng Zhang, Lei Zhang
{"title":"NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase involved in the lambda-cyhalothrin susceptibility on the green mirid bug <i>Apolygus lucorum</i> - Corrigendum.","authors":"Congai Zhen, Rui Wu, Yao Tan, Ansheng Zhang, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000610","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}