Journal of disease and global health最新文献

{"title":"Screening of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Stool Samples in Hospitalized Patients: A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Sanchi Kashyap, Monika Matlani, Santhosh Rajan, Divya, V. Dogra","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2024/v17i18722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2024/v17i18722","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (also known as CRE) is being more recognized as a significant obstacle in healthcare settings and is a global cause for worry.  \u0000Aims: This surveillance study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the faecal samples of inpatients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. \u0000Methods: In this prospective study, which was carried out over the course of 8 months (from February 2019 to September 2019), we screened 398 Enterobacteriaceae isolates for carbapenemase from the stool samples of 353 inpatients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.   \u0000Results: Of the total of 398 Enterobacteriaceae isolates screened, 56 (14.08%) of the isolates demonstrated carbapenemase activity. The prevalence of CRE was found to be highest in E.coli (15.23%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.71%). \u0000Conclusions: Screening for the presence of CRE in the faeces of patients can serve as a helpful guide for doctors in determining whether or not a patient's gut is colonized by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales. This is especially important in patients who are at possible endogenous infection risk. This includes patients who are undergoing any gastrointestinal surgical process, patients with haematological malignancies who are receiving chemotherapy, and patients who have had a bone marrow transplant planned for them.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":"75 s319","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study of the Perception of Work Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases in Administrative Personnel of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, URSE","authors":"Mayra Judith Rodríguez Barroso, Silvia Lois López-Castellanos, Ana Lilia Ortíz Argumedo, I. García-Montalvo","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2024/v17i18573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2024/v17i18573","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among adults worldwide. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between work stress and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the group of administrative workers of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Universidad Regional del Sureste (URSE), Oaxaca, Mexico. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population of the study was the total number of administrative workers assigned to the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, URSE. The Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (PSS-14) was used and the database was exported to SPSS statistical software for statistical analysis. The reliability level for the test as a whole presented a Cronbach alpha of 0.8809. To determine cardiovascular risk in study subjects, the risk calculator provided by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) was used. The mean age of the heart was 37.29 years, which implies a risk percentage of 2.44%, therefore, we can indicate that our study population is out of risk with respect to this element. In conclusion, we can say that most of the administrative staff of the School of Medicine and Surgery have a low level of work stress and only 17.64% are considered to have an intermediate level of stress; among the main stressors or related stimuli are the feeling of overpressure, as well as the lack of collaborative work.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":"13 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Lifestyle and Biosocial Conditions with Erectile Dysfunction among Adult Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Bede C. Azudialu, Ahaiwe Vivien, Nkem Benjamin, Ogunnaya Frances Ugonne, N. Uchenna, N. R. I. Austin","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2024/v17i18545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2024/v17i18545","url":null,"abstract":"Erectile dysfunction is one of the most distressing often not discussed disorder affecting the male gender globally responsible for a lot of psychosocial distress. The objective of this study was to explore the association between lifestyle, biosocial conditions with erectile dysfunction among the adult males presenting at general outpatient clinic of our hospital. This was a  study carried out at Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Southern Nigeria. A well structured questionnaire was administered to 421 respondents. Results showed 219(52%) had erectile dysfunction while  202 (48%) didnot have erectile dysfunction. Factors associated with erectile dysfunction were age, tobacco use, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, use of anti hypertensive and oral hypoglycaemic medications which were statistically significant. Body mass index, family functionality, use of illicit drugs and polypharmacy were not associated with erectile dysfunction. However, the independent risk factors were age, tobacco use and alcohol intake.Emphasis on health education and life style modificaation are highly recommended to reduce the burden of erectile dysfunction among our patients.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endemicity of Diphtheria in Some Regions of Nigeria: Chronology of a Fourteen Month Sustained Outbreak","authors":"Calistus Muodebe Nwokeji, Benjamin Nkem, Bede Azudialu","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i38434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i38434","url":null,"abstract":"Diphtheria in humans is caused by exotoxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae which is a gram positive bacteria. The sustained endemicity of diphtheria amongst Nigerian population from May 2022 to July 2023 is significant and has not been widely reported. Secondary data was collected from the recent data base of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Federal Ministry of Health, and Federal Ministry of Information then analyzed applying standard procedure. The result shows in overall a total of 4,160 suspected cases of diphtheria which spanned through a period of May 2022 to July 2023. Out of these suspected cases, 1,534 were positive, yielding a total prevalence of 36.9% and mortality of 137(8.9%). In the Northern states alone, 4,061 individuals were recorded as suspected diphtheria cases; out of which 1,525(36.6%) individuals were confirmed positive with 132(8.7%) death cases. Conversely, in the southern states, a total of 40 suspected cases were recorded. Out of these, 9(22.5%) were confirmed positive with mortality of 5(55.6%). Only one state yielded a suspected case without any conclusive confirmatory evidence. The result further showed that a total of 15 states were grouped as “others”. In this group a total of 59 cases were suspected, but none yielded positive result. The prevalence was high (36.6%) in the North when compared to the south (22.5%), and mortality was high (55.6%) in the south when compared to the North where a total mortality rate of 8.7% was recorded. Amongst the Northern states affected, prevalence was highest (75.9%; 41/54) in Bauchi and least (5.0%;5/101) in Kaduna state. This present result shows that diphtheria is endemic in some parts of Nigeria leading to sporadic outbreaks overtime, predominantly in the Northern part. High spread and prevalence in the North may be that herd immunity in the North is low or inadequate. Thus, urgent attention of Government and relevant stake holders is necessitated to eliminate this negative trend.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthrax Disease amongst Livestock and the Associated Human Exposure in Northern Nigeria: An Incidence Report","authors":"Benjamin Nkem, Bede Azudialu, Adaora Asomugha","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28415","url":null,"abstract":"Anthrax disease is of public health significance worldwide and has not been reported in Nigeria hence the present study which highlighted it’s incidence profile among animal population and the associated human exposure in Northern Nigeria. The incidence occurred in a multispecies livestock farm at Gajiri along Abuja-Kaduna express way in Suleja Niger state, Nigeria on the 13th day of July 2023 leading to sudden mortality of eight livestock. A remarkable observation was that the dead animals were bleeding from every external orifice without blood clotting. The farm attendants and management team alerted the Federal ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for urgent intervention, which prompted rapid laboratory investigation on the 14th July 2023. They collected samples from multiple species in the livestock farm and transported to National Veterinary Research Institute Plateau state for analysis. The samples yielded positive results for Anthrax. However, there are reports of human exposure, but they have reported no symptoms or mortality at the time of this report. Currently ongoing identification and contact tracing is being conducted for humans and other farm animals to prevent spread. Relevant authorities have taken necessary measures to quickly detect, control and contain any outbreak of Anthrax in the human population. Epidemiological tracing showed that the disease is not enzootic in the area and there was no evidence of anthropozoonotic transmission to animals. As the disease has not spread widely and has not affected humans in the area, it is recommended that animal carcasses be disposed of properly by either burning or burying them in a lime pit. Livestock attendants should always wear protective clothing and gloves while attending to farm animals. Ensuring decontamination of animal products and providing active immunization of domestic animals and people at high occupational risk is important. Thus excellent prognosis hinges on early detection and treatment of case.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Therapeutic Potential of Plantain Root Extract in Testosterone-Induced BPH in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Confidence Enyindah, K. N. Elechi-amadi, A. Ben-Chioma","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28364","url":null,"abstract":"Plantain root extract (Musa paradisiaca) used as herbal treatment of various disease condition was used to treat testosterone-propionate induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in male Albino rats. Thirty six (36) male Albino rats weighing between 180 - 240g were used for this study. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was induced by daily injection of 4mg/kg of testosterone propionate for 12 days. Each rat in the appropriate groups was given 4mg/kg of TP dissolved in 1ml of vehicle oil. The rats were grouped into 6 groups of 6 rats each as follows: Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 known as negative control, positive control, plantain root extract, Avodart treated, combination therapy and prophylactic groups respectively. The treatment was done using 1000mg/kg of plantain root extract for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed on the 29th day after an overnight fast and blood samples were collected into lithium heparin bottles. The conventional drugs used for the management of BPH have been reported to have some undesirable side effects, this study evaluated the therapeutic potential of plantain root extract in albino rats. The plantain root extract was prepared by maceration infusion method using ethanol. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), oxidative stress markers Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Prostate weights of the rats were measured. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the plantain root extract was determined. After BPH induction, the PSA level of the rats in the treatment groups 3 and 5, showed significant decrease (p<0.05) compared to the positive control, the rats treated with Avodart showed more decrease compared to the negative control group. There was no significant difference in the SOD levels of the rats in the three treatment groups (3-5). The prostate weight of the rats in the extract/avodart groups was significantly decreased to levels comparable to negative control group. From the results of this study plantain root extract has the potential to ameliorate BPH. The combination with avodart, showed therapeutic effects indicating that there was no negative interaction. The extract exhibited antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44081608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appearance and Transmission of the COVID-19 Disease, an Approach to its Understanding: A Review","authors":"Ulex Adrian, R. Daniel, A. Ansari","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28327","url":null,"abstract":"This review analyzed literature from online journals and peer-reviewed articles dating back to the year 2020 covering the emergence, transmission, mutation, and strategic responses of coronavirus diseases. Most of the studies related to those areas found that early responses would effectively limit and control the transmission of the novel coronavirus. Currently, the use of masks, the use of detergents, social distancing and limiting overcrowding are measures in place, even though daily cases and deaths continue to increase worldwide. Previous responses in 2019 included border closures and lockdowns, which were more stringent. The public should be aware of transmission routes (e.g., mouth, nose) and modes of transmission (e.g., sneezing, both permeable and impermeable inanimate objects) that put their health at risk, whether they are inside their homes or other environments such as the workplace or public spaces, as discussed in this document. The findings indicate that the implementation time of the strategies is significant, the increase in transmission will result in mutations that will affect many people, and in turn the development of new drugs in search of triggering a response in the cell, which results in the activation (stimulation) or deactivation (inhibition) of a symptom-improving effect and to counteract the inherent complications, as well as vaccines to increase the immune response in the body. The mutation is related to the spike protein which allows binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor on human host cells. Additional research can be done on the evolution of new coronavirus strains to determine factors that can be disrupted to prevent resurgence or new occurrences.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45846869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Model of Disease Progression and Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Disease Stages","authors":"Jaehee Kim","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28234","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately diagnosing a patient's disease stage is critical to deal with the varying symptoms and applying appropriate therapeutics at different stages.  Therefore, we used and compared machine learning algorithms on synthetic data and classified disease stages.  This study was performed on the Google Colab environment with Python's machine learning libraries (Sklearn).  The simulated data resembled one that might be reasonably seen in real patients' data since it contained both temporal variation and various noise levels.  Three types of machine learning algorithms were used: Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Neural Network.  These algorithms could classify whether the current stage of disease progression was at its early, mid, or late stages under different noise levels and other time intervals.  The neural network algorithm showed the best performance.  Although this study used a synthetic data set, it demonstrated how machine learning could be applied in the medical field to enhance patient care. ","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44382559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Thyroid Function during Pregnancy and Effects of Thyroid Dysfunction on Maternal Outcome: A Prospective Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India","authors":"Tahirah Khazar, Hafeezullah Naikoo, Masrath Quyoom, Joziea Farooq","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i28223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyroid disorders are prevalent in women of child-bearing age and for this reason commonly present in pregnancy and the puerperium. Thyroid disease is the second most common endocrine disease to affect women of reproductive age. Uncorrected thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy has adverse effects maternal well-being [1]. In this context, the study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the thyroid function in pregnant females attending antenatal clinic at Post Graduate Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SKIMS, Soura and to study the adverse effects of thyroid dysfunction on maternal health.\u0000Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at post graduate department of obstetrics and gynecology, SKIMS from September 2018 for a period of 12 months. The study cases selected were pregnant women at 10 weeks of gestation and their TSH, T3, T4 levels were evaluated as is done here as a routine antenatal work up. Total of 600 patients were taken from the said gestational age and were evaluated for TSH, T3, T4 levels. Well informed consent was taken from all patients.\u0000Only those subjects who met the eligibility criteria, as described later were taken for study. After proper scrutiny, 600 patients who were fit to be included in study were selected. For thyroid function test (TFT) 10 ml of blood sample of pregnant women was drawn at 10 weeks in the first trimester. TFT were assessed by quantitative analysis of serum. Depending upon the fasting TSH values they were grouped as group A including patients having TSH > 2.5mIU/L, and patients with TSH < 0.1mIU/Land group B having TSH levels of 0.1mIU/l– 2.5mIU/L.\u0000Results: The mean age of the population studied was 25.31+/-4.20 years (mean age +/-SD). The range was from 18 – 38 years. 232 patients (38.6%) were from urban areas and 368 patients (61.38%) were from rural areas. The patients with TSH value of > 2.5mIU/L and < 0.1mIU/L were taken as Group A, and patients with TSH value of 0.1 – 2.5mIU/L were taken as Group B. It was observed that rates of abortion, pre eclampsia, preterm labour, IUGR and placental abruptionwere significantly higher in group A. The rates of GDM, stillbirth, PPH, congenital malformations, however, were comparable between the two groups.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Model of Two-Dimensional Disease Progression and Categorization of Underlying Vector Fields with Machine Learning","authors":"Daniel Han","doi":"10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i18205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/jodagh/2023/v16i18205","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical model was created for simulating disease progression in two-dimension, by specifying a vector field. It was equivalent to observing how a lesion pattern on the skin, could change its shape over time. This model had a parameter that might control the resolution and signal of the pattern. By specifying two different vector fields, we established two sets of subtly different image sets. And, three different supervised machine learning algorithms such as nearest neighbor, decision tree, and support vector machine were used for binary classification. This study was done with Python's numerical (numpy), plotting (matplotlib), and machine learning (sklearn) libraries on the Google Colab platform. All machine learning algorithms were able to distinguish subtle differences produced by different vector fields. Furthermore, the performance of the algorithms were improved by concatenating the beginning and end stages of the pattern and helping the algorithms to pick up the temporal changes. These results demonstrated how AI and machine learning could be adopted in medicine for accurately diagnosing underlying diseases from images.","PeriodicalId":93707,"journal":{"name":"Journal of disease and global health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46938556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}