Appearance and Transmission of the COVID-19 Disease, an Approach to its Understanding: A Review

Abstract

This review analyzed literature from online journals and peer-reviewed articles dating back to the year 2020 covering the emergence, transmission, mutation, and strategic responses of coronavirus diseases. Most of the studies related to those areas found that early responses would effectively limit and control the transmission of the novel coronavirus. Currently, the use of masks, the use of detergents, social distancing and limiting overcrowding are measures in place, even though daily cases and deaths continue to increase worldwide. Previous responses in 2019 included border closures and lockdowns, which were more stringent. The public should be aware of transmission routes (e.g., mouth, nose) and modes of transmission (e.g., sneezing, both permeable and impermeable inanimate objects) that put their health at risk, whether they are inside their homes or other environments such as the workplace or public spaces, as discussed in this document. The findings indicate that the implementation time of the strategies is significant, the increase in transmission will result in mutations that will affect many people, and in turn the development of new drugs in search of triggering a response in the cell, which results in the activation (stimulation) or deactivation (inhibition) of a symptom-improving effect and to counteract the inherent complications, as well as vaccines to increase the immune response in the body. The mutation is related to the spike protein which allows binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor on human host cells. Additional research can be done on the evolution of new coronavirus strains to determine factors that can be disrupted to prevent resurgence or new occurrences.