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Prelude 前奏
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0001
Pierre-Philippe Fraiture
{"title":"Prelude","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Fraiture","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This prelude focuses on the role played by international organizations such as the United Nations and UNESCO to manage political decolonization in the immediate post-World War II era and envisage the basis for cultural emancipation in the ‘non-self-governing’ and ‘trust’ territories controlled by European empires. In France, this period coincided with attempts to explore African cultures and understand their development in the context of late colonialism. In 1948, Madeleine Rousseau and Cheikh Anta Diop edited a special issue of Le Musée vivant entitled ‘1848 Abolition de l’esclavage - 1948 Evidence de la culture nègre’. This publication, which included contributions by Michel Leiris and Jacques Howlett but also by lesser known figures such as Olivier Le Corneur and the Belgian literary critic Auguste Verbeken, examined the factors behind a possible ‘African renaissance’ (C.A Diop) in literature and the arts. The views defended here capture the mood of a period torn between an allegiance to existentialism and the ontological tenets of the Bantu philosophy as expounded by Placide Tempels.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conclusion 结论
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv17hm8c2.8
Pierre-Philippe Fraiture
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Fraiture","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv17hm8c2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17hm8c2.8","url":null,"abstract":"This conclusion provides a critical commentary of the main findings of this study by focussing on the specific contributions of its principal authors and the political and intellectual context in which they rose to prominence in the 1945-1960 period. More specifically, it also returns to the anti-colonial agenda of Georges Balandier and Cheikh Anta Diop and concludes that, despite the novelty of their claims, they remained dependent on the ‘colonial library’. This conclusion also identifies the main epistemological obstacles faced by post-war anti-colonial scholars and some of their successors up to the twenty-first century (Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Duncan Campbell and Felwine Sarr). It is argued here that more than sixty years after the political decolonization of sub-Saharan African the north-south axis that had presided over the colonial management of the world is still a major global force.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79004250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Pasts and Futures’
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0003
Pierre-Philippe Fraiture
{"title":"‘Pasts and Futures’","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Fraiture","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"What is historical time and how was its traditional – evolutionist - perception maintained during the colonial period but also contested in the years that led to the decolonization of Africa? These two questions inform this chapter. The first one is meta-critical and aims to explore, via thinkers operating at the intersection of history, memory studies, and philosophy (e.g. Dipesh Chakrabarty, Peter Fritzsche, François Hartog, VY Mudimbe, and Stefan Tanaka), the epistemological factors presiding over the development of history but also anthropology and museology during the colonial period; the second question relies more substantially on texts disseminated during the 1945-1960 era by French and African intellectuals like Balandier (‘La Situation coloniale’), Lévi-Strauss (Race et histoire), Ki-Zerbo (‘Histoire et conscience nègre’), and Sartre (‘Orphée noir’). The notion of progress, in its Christian/missionary and secular meanings, is examined through the prism of the two temporal notions – ‘space of experience’ and ‘horizon of expectation’ – theorized by Koselleck in Futures Past. It will be shown that post-war Africanist scholarship, albeit still reliant on developmentalist grids, was able to emancipate itself from the racist tropes that had hitherto been used to define Africa and African cultures.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80996278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Customs’
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781472563590.ch-005
Pierre-Philippe Fraiture
{"title":"‘Customs’","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Fraiture","doi":"10.5040/9781472563590.ch-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472563590.ch-005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the significance of Afrique ambiguë and ascertains how this autobiographical narrative resonates with Balandier’s other scientific outputs (e.g. Sociologie actuelle de l’Afrique noire). This book provides a wealth of information to understand how the decolonization of sub-Saharan Africa unfolded in the 1950s. The many ambiguities recorded by Balandier are played out on the cultural, political, and religious planes. However, it is also a book testifying to Balandier’s efforts to account for the chronological complexity of decolonization, a historical process in which tradition and modernity, progress and development, but also past, present, and future are approached from a non-developmentalist angle. The first part focuses on Balandier’s exploration of the environmental devastation brought about by colonialism in British-ruled Nigeria and in French Congo. The second part examines the issue of cultural dispossession but also, via a focus on female circumcision, the strategies adopted by locals to transform traditional customs. The third part is devoted to Kongo messianism and analyses how some prophets used biblical messages to develop an anti-colonial agenda and reform the Kongo cosmogony.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77488127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Things’ “物联网”
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0004
Pierre-Philippe Fraiture
{"title":"‘Things’","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Fraiture","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the 1953 film Les Statues meurent aussi by Chris Marker and Alain Resnais. The film was commissioned by Présence Africaine, the publisher and academic journal, which would radically transform France’s post-war intellectual landscape and pave the way for a wholesale reassessment of the relationship between Africa and the West in the arts, literature, the human sciences and philosophy. Les Statues, which is analysed here to ascertain how, in a given present, the temporal dimensions of past and future are related, resonates with the main concerns of this period: it embraces its ethno-philosophical mood, bemoans the commodification of African art in European museums, calls for the establishment of a new humanism but also militates for a more equitable and post-racial world order. The documentary, and the mournful discussion that it conducts on the imminent death of African art, is appraised against a set of viewpoints by Placide Tempels (La Philosophie bantoue) Cheikh Anta Diop (L’Unité culturelle de l’Afrique noire), Georges Balandier (‘Arts perdus’), and VY Mudimbe (‘Reprendre’). The chapter also examines the long-term legacy of Les Statues and considers the response to it by the Irish video artist Duncan Campbell in It for Others.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77273477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Words’
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0005
Pierre-Philippe Fraiture
{"title":"‘Words’","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Fraiture","doi":"10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348400.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"When they set out to colonize Africa, Europeans were faced with the pressing issue of mastering the African multilingual landscape. This chapter explores the role of languages and language policies in francophone sub-Saharan Africa (AOF and Belgian Congo) and pays attention to the biopolitical arsenal deployed by imperial administrations to manage linguistic issues. By focussing on the works of some Third Republic figures like Louis Faidherbe, Onésime Reclus, and Maurice Delafosse, it is shown that strict evolutionist taxonomies were used to foster the predominance of French and assign a vehicular role to African languages such as Swahili, Fula and Wolof. The cultural assimilation engendered by colonialism bore witness to the emergence of Francophonized African scholars such as Cheikh Anta Diop and Amadou Hampâté Bâ who, after WW2, promoted African languages to fulfil their anti-colonial and pan-Africanist agenda. This project of linguistic decolonization is explored via a close examination of Nations nègres et culture by C.A. Diop. His promotion of Wolof, a programme set in motion against Senghorian francophonie, is still ongoing now as demonstrated by the Céytu translation project initiated by Boubacar Boris Diop in 2016.","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88132774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editor's Note 编者按
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.21971/pi29361
Samantha Blais
{"title":"Editor's Note","authors":"Samantha Blais","doi":"10.21971/pi29361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/pi29361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74435184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Almost Home: Maroons Between Slavery and Freedom in Jamaica, Nova Scotia, and Sierra Leon, by Ruma Chopra, Yale University Press, 2018. 《几乎回家:牙买加、新斯科舍省和塞拉利昂的奴隶与自由之间的逃亡者》，鲁马·乔普拉著，耶鲁大学出版社，2018年。
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.21971/pi29371
Richard Yeomans
{"title":"Almost Home: Maroons Between Slavery and Freedom in Jamaica, Nova Scotia, and Sierra Leon, by Ruma Chopra, Yale University Press, 2018.","authors":"Richard Yeomans","doi":"10.21971/pi29371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/pi29371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"36 1","pages":"96-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82179249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smoking, Diplomacy, and Sociability 吸烟、外交和社交
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.21971/pi29370
C. Hawkins
{"title":"Smoking, Diplomacy, and Sociability","authors":"C. Hawkins","doi":"10.21971/pi29370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/pi29370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"28 1","pages":"69-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72528038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic and Transactional Language in the Confessions 忏悔录中的经济和交易语言
Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.21971/pi29369
D. McCarthy
{"title":"Economic and Transactional Language in the Confessions","authors":"D. McCarthy","doi":"10.21971/pi29369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21971/pi29369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93671,"journal":{"name":"Past imperfect (Edmonton, Alta.)","volume":"102 1","pages":"49-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80659578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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