Obesities最新文献_第5页

Disrupting the Mood and Obesity Cycle: The Potential Role of Metformin 破坏情绪和肥胖周期：二甲双胍的潜在作用

Obesities Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/obesities3010006

S. Doan, Sunita K. Patel, Bin Xie, R. Nelson, Lisa D. Yee

引用次数: 1

Why Are Obese People Predisposed to Severe Disease in Viral Respiratory Infections? 为什么肥胖的人易患严重的病毒性呼吸道感染?

Obesities Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.3390/obesities3010005

R. Aziz, A. Sherwani, Saeed Al Mahri, S. Malik, S. Mohammad

{"title":"Why Are Obese People Predisposed to Severe Disease in Viral Respiratory Infections?","authors":"R. Aziz, A. Sherwani, Saeed Al Mahri, S. Malik, S. Mohammad","doi":"10.3390/obesities3010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities3010005","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is one of the most pressing healthcare concerns of the twenty-first century. Obesity prevalence has risen dramatically in recent decades, and in 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 650 million were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). About 50% of the world’s population is anticipated to be obese/overweight within the next decade. Obesity is a major risk factor for a variety of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and a variety of malignancies. Obesity has emerged as a substantial risk factor for hospitalization and death from viral respiratory infections such as influenza A and the ongoing pandemic SARS-CoV-2. Several independent studies have indicated that obese/overweight patients are at a higher risk of severe disease and death from these respiratory diseases. Excess fat, particularly visceral fat, contributes to the development of a variety of metabolic disorders, including persistent systemic inflammation and decreased immunological function. As a result, the immunological response to infectious pathogens is weakened, resulting in poorer outcomes post-infection. Additionally, the poor lung mechanics associated with obesity may increase the risk of more serious respiratory infections. In this review, we address the likely mechanism(s) that predispose obese people to severe diseases caused by viral respiratory infections.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41925371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Twenty-Four-Hour Movement Behaviors, Fitness, and Adiposity in Preschoolers: A Network Analysis 学龄前儿童24小时运动行为、健康与肥胖:一个网络分析

Obesities Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.3390/obesities3010004

Alyce Rodrigues Souza, P. Bandeira, Morgana Alves Correia da Silva, Glacithane Lins da Cunha, Daniel Fernandes Pereira, Clarice M. L. Martins

{"title":"Twenty-Four-Hour Movement Behaviors, Fitness, and Adiposity in Preschoolers: A Network Analysis","authors":"Alyce Rodrigues Souza, P. Bandeira, Morgana Alves Correia da Silva, Glacithane Lins da Cunha, Daniel Fernandes Pereira, Clarice M. L. Martins","doi":"10.3390/obesities3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities3010004","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to verify the associations between compliance with the 24-h movement behavior recommendations, fitness, and adiposity markers in preschoolers, considering the non-linear nature of these associations. The sample was comprised of 253 preschoolers. Preschoolers were assessed for anthropometric data and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Screen time and sleep duration were parent-reported in a face-to-face interview. The PREFIT test battery was used to assess physical fitness components (lower-body strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and speed/agility). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables, and a network analysis was conducted to assess the emerging pattern of associations between the variables. Preschoolers’ greatest compliance with recommendations was observed for physical activity, while the lowest compliance was observed for the screen time recommendation. Among children aged three years, only 2.2% complied with all recommendations; only 1.0% of the four-year-olds and 1.3% of the five-year-olds complied with all recommendations. The results of the network analysis and centrality measures emphasized that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and compliance with movement behavior recommendations were the most critical variables to address in preschoolers, reinforcing the importance of intervention programs focused on intense activities.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47606098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Methods to Evaluate the Antiobesity Effects of Medicinal Plants Using Enzyme Assays 方法采用酶法评价药用植物的抗肥胖作用

Obesities Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/obesities3010003

S. Bandara, Shelby Devereaux, A. Weerasooriya

{"title":"Methods to Evaluate the Antiobesity Effects of Medicinal Plants Using Enzyme Assays","authors":"S. Bandara, Shelby Devereaux, A. Weerasooriya","doi":"10.3390/obesities3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities3010003","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a chronic disease affecting both adults and children worldwide. One major cause of obesity is high-calorie intake due to overconsumption of foods rich in fat and carbohydrates. Hence, obesity can be controlled by controlling the diet and by other lifestyle changes that increase energy expenditure. However, this is not always possible for individuals who are already overweight and suffering from other diseases. Therefore, certain drugs have been developed to assist with weight reduction. One major avenue for drug development involves the inhibition of enzymes that break down fat and carbohydrates from the diet. This can reduce the bioavailability and absorption of dietary lipids and carbohydrates, allowing for the management of obesity. Although there are synthetic drugs available on the market to inhibit these enzymes, plant-based natural drugs may provide a better alternative to treat obesity due to fewer side effects and a lower cost. In this review, different methods that can be used to screen medicinal plant extracts for inhibitors of those digestive enzymes and certain limitations of those methods are discussed. Currently, there is limited research on the effects of varying conditions on enzyme assays, and this is an area that can be addressed in future research.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Obesities in 2022 2022年对肥胖审稿人的感谢

Obesities Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.3390/obesities3010002

引用次数: 0

A Simple Estimate of Visceral Fat Area by Multifrequency Bioimpedance Analysis Is Associated with Multiple Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Disease: A Pilot Study 通过多频生物阻抗分析对内脏脂肪面积的简单估计与炎症和心脏代谢疾病的多种生物标志物相关:一项初步研究

Obesities Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.3390/obesities3010001

C. Vella, M. C. Nelson

{"title":"A Simple Estimate of Visceral Fat Area by Multifrequency Bioimpedance Analysis Is Associated with Multiple Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Disease: A Pilot Study","authors":"C. Vella, M. C. Nelson","doi":"10.3390/obesities3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities3010001","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need for identifying whether simple techniques for estimating visceral fat can accurately predict inflammatory and cardiometabolic disease (CMD) biomarkers in various populations. We aimed to determine whether a simple estimate of visceral fat area by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) was independently associated with multiple biomarkers of inflammation and CMD. Seventy-eight men and women (mean ± SD: age 52.0 ± 10.8 y; visceral fat area 105.6 ± 55.0 cm2) self-reported their medical histories and activity levels. Visceral fat area was estimated with MFBIA, CMD and inflammatory biomarkers were measured by fasting blood draw, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression. With adjustment for age, sex, height, race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and smoking, a 1-standard deviation (1-SD) increase in visceral fat (55 cm2) was associated with higher levels of insulin (60.4%), triglycerides (43.6%), C-reactive protein (38.7%), interleukin-6 (33.9%), leptin (77.9%), and HOMA-IR (51.8%, p < 0.01 for all). These associations were attenuated but remained significant when physical activity and sedentary behavior were entered into the model (p ≤ 0.01). These findings suggest that a simple estimate of visceral fat area by MFBIA may be a good indicator of increased CMD risk and may be useful in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Pera’ Orange and ‘Moro’ Blood Orange Juice Improves Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response Biomarkers and Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Individuals with Insulin Resistance and Different Obesity Classes “Pera”Orange和“Moro”Blood Orange Juice改善胰岛素抵抗和不同肥胖类别个体的氧化应激和炎症反应生物标志物，并调节肠道微生物群

Obesities Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/obesities2040033

A. A. de Santana, Eric de Castro Tobaruela, Karina G dos Santos, L. G. Sparvoli, Cristiane Kovacs do Amaral, C. Magnoni, C. Taddei, R. D. dos Santos, N. M. Hassimotto, F. Lajolo

{"title":"‘Pera’ Orange and ‘Moro’ Blood Orange Juice Improves Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response Biomarkers and Modulates the Gut Microbiota of Individuals with Insulin Resistance and Different Obesity Classes","authors":"A. A. de Santana, Eric de Castro Tobaruela, Karina G dos Santos, L. G. Sparvoli, Cristiane Kovacs do Amaral, C. Magnoni, C. Taddei, R. D. dos Santos, N. M. Hassimotto, F. Lajolo","doi":"10.3390/obesities2040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities2040033","url":null,"abstract":"Orange juice contains flavanones, which are associated with reducing the risk of obesity-associated diseases. We evaluated the effects of two varieties of orange juices on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota of individuals with insulin resistance and different obesity classes. In a randomized crossover study, obese patients consumed ‘Pera’ (POJ—source of flavanones) and ‘Moro’ (MOJ—source of flavanones and anthocyanins) orange juices for 15 days. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention. Daily orange juice intake significantly reduced HDL and total cholesterol, in addition to urinary 8-OHdG and plasmatic MCP-1 levels. Multivariate analyses highlighted the beneficial effects of orange juice intake, mainly the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Patients in different obesity classes presented a gut microbiota with obesity-associated alterations (dysbiosis), and the consumption of Pera and Moro orange juices improved this profile by modulating their gut microbiota in different ways. Although the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio changed after both interventions, MOJ provided more accentuated changes than POJ. Blautia, Bifidobacterium, and other genera had their relative abundance altered by juice consumption, which correlated with patient parameters (such as HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure) and biomarkers (such as TNF-α and 8-OHdG). In conclusion, regular orange juice intake can be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory response, in addition to modulating gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mirabegron and Physical Exercise Is a Potential Strategical for BAT Activation in Obesity Mirabegron和体育锻炼是肥胖患者BAT激活的潜在策略

Obesities Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.3390/obesities2040032

G. C. Antunes, A. P. A. Macêdo, Luciana Renata da Conceição, J. Pauli

{"title":"Mirabegron and Physical Exercise Is a Potential Strategical for BAT Activation in Obesity","authors":"G. C. Antunes, A. P. A. Macêdo, Luciana Renata da Conceição, J. Pauli","doi":"10.3390/obesities2040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities2040032","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: Obesity is a global epidemic issue that has increased greatly in recent decades. Although interventions such as nutritional approaches and the practice of physical exercise are potential therapies to combat obesity, in some cases they are not sufficient. Therefore, the development of new pharmacological treatments is necessary. Combining these therapies with non-pharmacological alternatives could be an interesting strategy for treating obesity. Considered a pharmacological treatment for overactive bladder (OAB), mirabegron is also categorized as a β(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, and is used in recommended doses of 25 mg and 50 mg. Animal models have shown that the administration of 0.8 mg/kg of mirabegron leads to elevated activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. (2) Results: Findings suggest that the pharmacological application of mirabegron has numerous beneficial effects in lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential action against obesity. In this context, physical exercise and mirabegron stimulate browning activation using different mechanisms. (3) Conclusions: According to the results of the studies presented in this review, mirabegron may be a promising pharmacological treatment for obesity due to its significant effects on estimated energy expenditure (EER) through thermogenesis elevation, BAT activation, and WAT browning seen in dosages up to 100 mg. In addition, the administration of mirabegron combined with physical exercise may be a potential alternative for increasing the body’s energy expenditure, with actions in distinct signaling pathways. Thus, physical exercise combined with mirabegron can alleviate some adverse side effects encountered with the use of the medication. Finally, although there have been advances in knowledge, more studies are needed to understand the combined effects of using mirabegron and physical exercise.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Exercise-Induced FGF-21 to Fight Obesity: An Update Review 体育锻炼诱导FGF-21对抗肥胖的最新进展

Obesities Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.3390/obesities2040031

Bruno Vecchiatto, Thiago Lucas de Castro, C. Muller, A. K. Azevedo-Martins, F. Evangelista

{"title":"Physical Exercise-Induced FGF-21 to Fight Obesity: An Update Review","authors":"Bruno Vecchiatto, Thiago Lucas de Castro, C. Muller, A. K. Azevedo-Martins, F. Evangelista","doi":"10.3390/obesities2040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities2040031","url":null,"abstract":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a protein that is involved in the regulation of glucose, lipids, and energy metabolism. To act on target tissues, endocrine FGF-21 binds preferably to FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) in the presence of the coreceptor named β-klotho (KLB). Some of the effects of FGF-21 include increased fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis, which can regulate body weight and glycemia control. By exerting such metabolic effects, the therapeutic potential of FGF-21 for the treatment of obesity and diabetes has been investigated. Physical exercise has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Several mechanisms mediate the effects of physical exercise, including the FGF-21 pathway. Studies have shown that physical exercise increases the concentration of circulating and tissue FGF-21 in animals, while contradictory results are still observed in humans. Considering the metabolic role of FGF-21 and the chance of physical exercise to induce FGF-21 secretion, in this review we explore the potential of physical exercise-induced FGF-21 modulation as a strategy for prevention and treatment of obesity.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49529304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Triglyceride-to-High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome According to Stage of Life at Obesity Onset in Women with Severe Obesity—A Pilot Study 甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值作为重度肥胖女性肥胖发病时代谢综合征的预测指标——一项初步研究

Obesities Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/obesities2040030

N. Figueiredo, Marcela de Oliveira Queiroz, K. L. S. Lopes, Luciana Oliveira, A. Dâmaso, P. R. E. de Melo, Valéria de Souza Abreu, J. F. Mota, M. Horst, F. Corgosinho

{"title":"Triglyceride-to-High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome According to Stage of Life at Obesity Onset in Women with Severe Obesity—A Pilot Study","authors":"N. Figueiredo, Marcela de Oliveira Queiroz, K. L. S. Lopes, Luciana Oliveira, A. Dâmaso, P. R. E. de Melo, Valéria de Souza Abreu, J. F. Mota, M. Horst, F. Corgosinho","doi":"10.3390/obesities2040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities2040030","url":null,"abstract":"The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio is a simple but effective indicator of metabolic imbalance that characterizes metabolic syndrome (MetS) and can consequently indicate a higher cardiovascular risk. It may, therefore, be useful in identifying a high risk for cardiometabolic diseases according to the onset of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between MetS and the stage of life at obesity onset and to establish the cutoff point for the TG/HDL-c ratio as a marker of MetS in women with severe obesity. Forty-seven women who were to undergo bariatric surgery were evaluated. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured, and the TG/HDL-c ratio was calculated. The volunteers were grouped according to their stage of life at obesity onset. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to define cutoff points for the TG/HDL-c ratio as predictors of MetS. Women who developed obesity early (during infancy/adolescence) had higher weight (p = 0.008), body mass index (p = 0.031), and hip circumference (p = 0.036) than those who developed obesity later (in adulthood); however, no association was found between obesity onset and MetS. The cutoff points for the TG/HDL-c ratio that were established for those who developed early or late obesity were 2.30 and 2.19, respectively. Although the stage of life at the onset of obesity was not related to MetS, different cutoff points for the TG/HDL-c ratio were observed.","PeriodicalId":93598,"journal":{"name":"Obesities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45471951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0