Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies最新文献

{"title":"Protocol for a systematic review of the management and outcomes in patients with gallbladder agenesis","authors":"Erin N Young, Ghyslaine B D Dongho, Ngo V. Ngo, Constantine Asahngwa, Hilary M. Jasmin, John S. Nelson, Nia N. Zalamea, Ronald M. Gobina, Denis A. Foretia","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snae003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gallbladder agenesis (GA) is a congenital anomaly of the biliary system, with characteristic absence of the gallbladder and cystic duct often with variable clinical presentation. Despite major advances in imaging technology many patients undergo unnecessary operative interventions during which the diagnosis is made. Very little is known on the management and outcomes in this patient population. Therefore, the main objective of this study protocol is to guide a comprehensive review of published cases of GA to evaluate and synthesize research findings on its presentation, management and clinical outcomes. This systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. MEDLINE, via PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Google Scholar will be searched for articles on GA in humans (case report and case series) published before 1 October 2022 in English, French and Spanish. Two independent investigators will review each article, determine if it meets inclusion criteria, extract data and assess the study quality. A third investigator will arbitrate studies where there are conflicts between the first two investigators. Short and long-term outcomes will be compared between cases that underwent non-operative versus open versus laparoscopic surgery. Estimates will be made of odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining efforts to predict day-of-surgery cancellation (DOSC): a systematic review protocol","authors":"Thomas Sardesai, Laura Hobbs, Caroline Phillips, Tom Bashford, Katharina Kohler, Daniel Stubbs","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snae001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Day-of-surgery cancellation (DOSC) in elective surgery occurs in roughly 18% of elective surgeries worldwide. This impacts patient physical health, psychological wellbeing and social function. Further impacts include reduced health service efficiency and wider economic productivity. There is a range of contributing variables including patient factors, resource constraints and health service pressures which could be integrated into predictive models. This article describes the protocol for a systematic review to evaluate peer-reviewed original research articles and implementation studies of models to predict DOSC. Such statistical models could, if properly integrated into clinical practice, yield benefits to patients and healthcare providers. The systematic review will provide a comprehensive synthesis of evidence in this area to inform future efforts at gold-standard statistical modelling. Predictor-finding studies, subsequent publications of the same model and publications in which the predictive variables have not been disclosed will be excluded. Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of science. Risk of bias will be assessed using the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool. Data will be collected on included variables, method of prediction, whether prediction was made at the level of the patient or the system, and training and assessment processes. These data will be subject to qualitative synthesis and used to generate a narrative summary and figures. This systematic review will abide by the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. This review is registered on PROSPERO, registration CRD42023478984.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"288 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the therapeutic potential of dendritic cell vaccine in glioblastoma: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Tangmi Djabo Eric Adrien, Mbougo Voufo Jolyvette, Temitayo O. Ayantayo, R. B. Murhega, M. J. Mustapha, Kebby Zumani, J. L. Ibekwe, J. O. Daniel, M. S. Emhemed, V. M. Kyaruzi","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snae002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study seeks to gather evidence-based information on the therapeutic effect of dendritic cell vaccines in treating glioblastoma. This protocol will follow the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guideline for 2020. In this review, we determined four primary central databases as sources of information: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Ethical approval for this study was unnecessary, as we already used published studies. Study findings will be published in journals and presented at conferences for broader dissemination.\u0000 Highlights The most common and dangerous primary malignant brain tumor, glioblastomas (GBM), are still tricky and challenging to treat. Even with multimodal treatment, victims’ median survival is just 15 months. Active immunotherapy called dendritic cell vaccines (DCV) aims to trigger an anticancer immune system reaction. Hundreds of GBM patients have been vaccinated in numerous DCV trials, which have confirmed the vaccine’s viability and safety. This study aims to assess the rationalistic effect of dendritic cell vaccines for treating GBM.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microvascular density and vasculogenic mimicry the predictive signatures of prognosis and therapeutic response in gliomas—a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","authors":"V. M. Kyaruzi, Emmanuel Mduma, Kwadwo Darko, Jonas L Ibekwe, Violet D Kajogoo, L. Kamabu, Mazin M Eltingary, Marwa S A Emhemed, J. O. I. Daniel, Franck Sikakulya, Zobidah Y E Yousif, T. K. Foka, A. Mwakigonja","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Malignant gliomas are the most angiogenic aggressive tumours with high proliferative and invasion phenotypes. Total microvessel density, the combination of the microvascular density and the vasculogenic mimicry status, is a biomarker closely associated with the aggressiveness of a tumour including its invasive and metastatic potential. This review aims to investigate the relationship between vasculogenic mimicry and microvascular density, and its association with prognosis and therapeutic response in gliomas across the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cross-sectional studies to optimize the strength of evidence for underpinning the strategy for treating tumours. We will conduct the Systematic and Meta-analysis by employing the provisions of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guideline and the review protocol will be submitted to International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) for registration before commencement of the study. We will construct the search strategy using a combination of ‘glioma’, ‘microvascular density’, ‘vasculogenic mimicry’, ‘prognostic significance’ and ‘therapeutic response’ from the four databases (Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library). This review will be conducted without the involvement of human participants, making ethical clearance approval inapplicable. The protocol for this review will be duly registered with the PROSPERO registry. The final report of this review will be shared at scientific conferences, both locally and internationally, and the protocol and final results will be published in a reputable Neurosurgery journal.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility randomized controlled trial testing the use of indocyanine green fluorescence image-guidance in liver surgery compared to standard liver surgery alone in reducing microscopic positive tumor margin resection rate with an embedded qualitative study: the I-FIGS study protocol","authors":"Rahi Karmarkar, Jos Latour, Joanne Hosking, Pavith Jayaraj, Somaiah Aroori","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indocyanine green fluorescence image-guidance (I-FIGS) is gaining global popularity in liver surgery for various applications. However, its true clinical value in reducing microscopic positive margins (R1-resection rate) remains uncertain. To address this, a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing I-FIGS with standard liver surgery is needed. However, due to a lack of essential information on potential R1 reduction rate, sample size, methodology, intervention delivery and patient experience, a feasibility RCT protocol has been developed to determine the viability of conducting a full-scale RCT. The aim of the study is to conduct a feasibility RCT (fRCT) with an embedded qualitative study to gather all the necessary information for a full-scale RCT. Adult patients undergoing elective liver surgery for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLMs), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or peripheral cholangiocarcinoma will be eligible for the study. Forty patients will be randomly assigned to either the control group (standard liver surgery) or the intervention group (standard liver surgery + I-FIGS). Patients in the I-FIGS group will receive intravenous injection of 0.03–0.05 mg/kg indocyanine green (ICG) dye 2–4 hours before the surgery. Data will be collected on demographics, screening, recruitment and retention rates, adherence to study methods, intraoperative details, postoperative histology, and experiences of both surgeons and patients. Interviews will be conducted with selected patients and surgeons to explore their experiences with the intervention. The protocol has been approved by the West-Midlands-Solihull Research Ethics Committee and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05616039). The results will be disseminated through academic publications, congresses, newsletters and other platforms.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Registry of Upper Limb Outcomes (PRULO): a protocol for an orthopaedic clinical quality registry to monitor treatment outcomes","authors":"Corey Scholes, Kevin Eng, Meredith Harrison-Brown, Milad Ebrahimi, Graeme Brown, Stephen Gill, Richard Page","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Registries have been widely utilized to track clinical results in observational cohorts for quality improvement. They are successful in orthopaedics, particularly in the context of arthroplasties where they have optimized implant selection, improved patient safety and identified underperforming implants. However, equivalent systems to monitor outcomes in soft-tissue disorders are lacking. This protocol described the design, ethics and implementation of a regional registry focusing on upper limb soft tissue orthopaedic conditions. Patient Registry of Upper Limb pathology Outcomes (PRULO) is a multi-cohort, prospective observational, clinical quality registry collating clinical data and patient-reported outcomes for patients presenting to a specialist orthopaedic clinic with upper limb pathology. PRULO is currently a single-centre study involving three clinician investigators, which aims to determine what patient characteristics, pathology factors and treatment strategies are associated with treatment success within 2 years of surgical or non-surgical treatment of pathology. PRULO captures patient-reported outcomes (VAS, EQ5D-5 L, QuickDASH, MODEMS-Expectations and Satisfaction, WORC, WOSI), clinical and radiological data. Data points are recorded at practice registration, after initial consultation, intraoperatively and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Inclusion criteria are patients aged 16 and above offered treatment by the surgeons for upper limb orthopaedic pathology. Patient cohorts will include shoulder conditions affecting the rotator cuff (tear, tendinopathy), conditions associated with glenohumeral instability, as well as all other conditions presenting in the shoulder elbow, hand and wrist, according to the surgeon-generated diagnosis. Ethical approval was obtained by the Barwon Health Research Ethics Committee (19/70).","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the efficacy of endoscopic endonasal versus microscopic transsphenoidal approach for the management of sellar and suprasellar tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol","authors":"Tamara Tango, Jeremiah Oluwatomi Itodo Daniel, Nathan Mugenyi, G. B. Abongha, Samuel Mesfin, Saad Javed, Murad Othman Omran, Mazin M Eltingary, V. M. Kyaruzi","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad016","url":null,"abstract":"Managing sellar and suprasellar tumors is challenging due to their diverse origins and proximity to critical structures. The transsphenoidal surgical approach has become the preferred method, evolving from transcranial attempts to reduce morbidity. Microscopic transsphenoidal techniques have been refined over time, with endoscopic endonasal surgery emerging as a significant advancement. Due to the multifaceted nature of these approaches, the complexities of the pathology and the paucity of data from specific regions, understanding the prevalence, characteristics and management outcomes of sellar and suprasellar tumors is crucial for informing healthcare practices and resource allocation. This study aims to collate evidence-based insights into the efficacy of the endoscopic endonasal approach compared with the microscopic transsphenoidal approach as a surgical intervention for sellar and suprasellar tumors, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for 2020. To source pertinent information, we will rely on four primary central databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary outcome measure will be the surgical outcome’s effectiveness in achieving tumor resection and preserving pituitary function. The study protocol is duly registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with no requirement for ethical approval as it exclusively relies on previously published research. We aim to publish our findings in scientific journals and present the abstract at conferences to guide clinical practice. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023461972: available via https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023461972.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the neuroprotective efficacy of atorvastatin in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol","authors":"Nathan Mugenyi, Neontle Sakaiwa, Kwadwo Darko, Musakanya Shituluka, Tamara Tango, Olobatoke Tunde, Akano Lordstrong, Ali Awadallah Saeed, Larrey Kasereka Kamabu, Emmanuel Mduma, Victor Kyaruzi, Emnet Shimber, Heba Azouz, Fortune Gankpe, Ignatius Esene, Abenezer Tirsit","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health threat, with an estimated 5.3 million people in the United States alone living with a disability related to TBI (1). The most common therapies for individuals with TBI at this time include supportive measures, direct monitoring and surgical interventions, but the treatment outcomes following TBI are still poor. Atorvastatin is one of 3-hydroxy–3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors commonly used for treatment reduction of low-density lipoprotein and relief of symptoms in cerebrovascular diseases, however, the recent randomized trials in animal models and human subjects have revealed a promising therapeutic effect for its use in the treatment of TBI that has shown a significant alleviation of neurological dysfunctions. Hence, this systematic review will streamline and provide a comprehensive avenue for understanding more about the dynamics of atorvastatin and its neuroprotective efficacy for the treatment of the severity of TBI and the improvement of functional outcomes. This systematic review will follow the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Information sources will be obtained from electronic databases such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and SCOPUS. All patients with TBI that received Atorvastatin will be included. The review will also include original peer-reviewed research articles addressing the efficacy of Atorvastatin in TBI in English. Ethical approval will not be required as there will be no human participant involvement in this study. The findings from this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal. Strengths A wide range of study types will be included increasing the pool of information.Accuracy will be upheld as two to three reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts. Limitations Only studies in English will be included, hence studies in other languages that may be very informative will be excluded.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine-induced hyponatremia in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology, factors and prognosis","authors":"Emmanuel Chileshe Phiri, T. Tango, T. Olobatoke, B. Maroo, Racheal Mpokota, W. H. Bouche Djatche, E. Mukambo, U. F. Chiazo, N. Mugenyi, Emmanuel Mduma, V. M. Kyaruzi, E. Shimber, F. Gankpé, I. Esene, G. Hassen","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common brain dysfunction due to an external force as opposed to disease-induced brain damage. TBI is a leading global cause of high morbidity and mortality rates in the neurosurgical department. It contributes to ~30% of deaths related to brain damage. A common complication of TBIs is hyponatremia secondary to neuroendocrine causes, including syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), cerebral salt wasting syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. Most recent studies suggest SIADH as the main cause of hyponatremia in TBI. This study aims to evaluate the effects of neuroendocrine-induced hyponatremia on the prognosis of TBI, demonstrate the epidemiology of hyponatremia in patients with TBI, assess all possible etiologies of hyponatremia in TBI, determine the prognostic outcomes of hyponatremia in TBI and determine the effect of hyponatremia on the prognosis of severe and moderate TBI. This study is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guideline. A 10-year retrospective analysis of original published studies from January 2013 to January 2023 will be performed. This study will include the adult TBI patients (age ≥ 18 years old) who developed neuroendocrine-induced hyponatremia and original studies, randomized control trials, case controls, cohort studies and studies in English language. This study excludes the pediatric population and animal studies. For information sources, several electronic databases, including EMBASE, Pubmed, SCOPUS and Cochrane, will be searched. No ethical approval is required since the study does not involve human subject participation. However, the study findings will be applied for dissemination at scientific conferences and the manuscript will be submitted for publication to a reputable peer review journal. The research protocol is registered with PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023391854 and is available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023391854.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An E-survey study protocol for the perception of African healthcare professionals on the intrathecal injection of antitetanic serum for the treatment of tetanus","authors":"Djabo Eric Adrien Tangmi, Voufo Jolyvette Mbougo, Abdulbasit Opeyemi Muili, Ngassam Fustel Valmy Tchato, Ahmed Naeem, Jonas Lotanna Ibekwe, Marwa SaedAli Emhemed, Chukwebuka Stanley Asogwa, Victor Meza Kyaruzi","doi":"10.1093/jsprm/snad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsprm/snad008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Tetanus remains a public health neuroinfectious burden in Africa, accounting for the long stay in hospitals. For the past two decades, intrathecal injection of antitetanic serum has been described by several meta-analyses as the therapy for the treatment of tetanus with the best outcome. Particularly with neonatal tetanus, but in Africa, the reality faced by healthcare professionals is in contradiction to the literature. This study aims to assess the perception of healthcare professionals regarding the intrathecal administration of antitetanic serum for the treatment of tetanus, to decide on which action to undertake to preserve patients’ health. Methodology Data will be collected through a self-administered Qualtrics questionnaire from a Qualtrics account. The minimum and maximum sample sizes calculated were, respectively, 384 and 426. Anonymous links to the three versions of the questionnaire will be disseminated from 15 May 2023 to 15 July 2023, through mobile phones, social media (WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Telegram) and e-mail. Ata shall be analyzed with SPSS version 26 (IBM, WA, USA). The analyzed data will be presented as frequency tables and charts. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, Chi-Square test and analysis of variance will be used to test for associations between independent and dependent variables. A P-value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Dissemination Our study findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and the abstract will be presented at an international conference.","PeriodicalId":93590,"journal":{"name":"Journal of surgical protocols and research methodologies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}