Journal of global health science最新文献

{"title":"An integrated community-based hypertension improvement program improves hypertension awareness in Ghana","authors":"A. Laar, A. Adler, D. Prieto-Merino, Reina Der, Debbie Mangortey, Rebecca Dirks, P. Perel, P. Lamptey","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2021.3.e16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2021.3.e16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89648412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of dearth of information in Tanzania’s COVID-19 response","authors":"Allan Kangwerema, Hipolite Thomas, Simfukwe Knovicks, Jackson Safari, Mutale Diluxe, Shekiba Madadi, Y. A. M. Elhadi, Attaullah Ahmadi, Y. Adebisi, D. Lucero‐Prisno","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2021.3.e20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2021.3.e20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79232606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 started again","authors":"So Yoon Kim","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2021.3.e14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2021.3.e14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78524898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caries status and risk factors among urban and rural primary students in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam","authors":"T. Tran, T. Hoang, Dinh Tuyen Hoang, Ngoc Hoat Luu","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries is an essential public health problem in most developing countries including Vietnam. This study's aims were to discover the dental caries prevalence in selected areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, and to detect the association of sweet food consumption and oral hygiene practices with caries among Vietnamese primary school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hue City and in Nam Dong District as one urban and one rural areas of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam that identifies the dental caries prevalence and to find participants for the matched case-control study. Each child in the dental caries group was matched to a student in the non-caries group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporated the propensity score. Practices related to dental hygiene and sweet food consumption were obtained using an intervieweradministered questionnaire for the matched case-control study. Results: Prevalence of dental caries in Hue City was 77.9% and in Nam Dong District was 77.3%, giving no statistically significant difference between two areas. Brushing teeth and replacing toothbrush frequently were related to the presence of dental caries in both urban and rural areas. Children who brushed teeth at least twice a day were less likely to have dental caries compared to those who did not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.29–0.62; P < 0.001). The odds of having dental caries were significantly higher among children who replaced their toothbrush after at least each nine months than among those who replaced toothbrushes less than every three months (aOR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.77–4.01; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries was equally high among primary students in Hue City and Nam Dong District. Using toothbrush correctly more than twice per day and replacing the toothbrush every three months can reduce dental caries among primary school students.","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78244381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive, maternal and child health services in the wake of COVID-19: insights from India","authors":"Chandan Kumar, Chhavi Sodhi, Abdul Jaleel CP","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e28","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Development Programme has designated severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a ‘systematic human development crisis’.1 In the span of a few short months, this pandemic has upended and overrun healthcare systems in countries across the world.2,3 The worst afflicted have been lowand middle-income countries,4-6 which had already been straining hard to meet their population's health needs and achieve the targets outlined under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83460391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A study with healthcare workers in Ghana","authors":"P. Afulani, Akua O. Gyamerah, R. Aborigo, J. J. Nutor, H. Malechi, A. Laar, Mona Sterling, J. Awoonor-Williams","doi":"10.1101/2020.07.10.20151142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.20151142","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Healthcare workers' (HCWs) preparedness to respond to pandemics is critical to containing disease spread. Low-resource countries, however, experience barriers to preparedness due to limited resources. In Ghana, a country with a constrained healthcare system and high COVID-19 cases, we examined HCWs' perceived preparedness to respond to COVID-19 and associated factors. Methods: 472 HCWs completed questions in a cross-sectional self-administered online survey. Perceived preparedness was assessed using a 15-question scale (Cronbach alpha=0.91) and summative scores were created (range=0-45). Higher scores meant greater perceived preparedness. We used linear regression with robust standard errors to examine associations between perceived preparedness and potential predictors. Results: The average preparedness score was 24 (SD=8.9); 27.8% of HCWs felt prepared. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with higher perceived preparedness were: training ({beta}=3.35, 95%CI: 2.01 to 4.69); having adequate PPE ({beta}=2.27, 95%CI: 0.26 to 4.29), an isolation ward ({beta}=2.74, 95%CI: 1.15 to 4.33), and protocols for screening ({beta}=2.76, 95%CI: 0.95 to 4.58); and good perceived communication from management ({beta}=5.37, 95%CI: 4.03 to 7.90). When added to the model, perceived knowledge decreased the effect of training by 28.0%, although training remained significant, suggesting a partial mediating role. Perceived knowledge was associated with a 6-point increase in perceived preparedness score ({beta}=6.04, 95%CI: 4.19 to 7.90). Conclusion: HCWs reported low perceived preparedness to respond to COVID-19. Training, clear protocols, PPE availability, isolation wards, and communication play an important role in increasing preparedness. Government stakeholders must institute necessary interventions to increase HCWs' preparedness to respond to the ongoing pandemic and prepare for future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88519471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equal risk, unequal burden? Gender differentials in COVID-19 mortality in India","authors":"W. Joe, Abhishek Kumar, S. Rajpal, U. Mishra, S. Subramanian","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case fatalities in India suggests that males are at a greater disadvantage than females, but it is unclear whether males experience a higher risk of mortality throughout the age-spectrum or there are sexdifferentials in survival risk. We adopt a gender lens and present a disaggregated view of agesex specific COVID-19 infection and mortality risk in India. Methods: We use crowdsourced data (https://www.covid19india.org/) to provide preliminary estimates for age-sex specific COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) for India. We analyse the burden of the cases and deaths for age-sex categories. CFR is estimated as the ratio of confirmed deaths in total confirmed cases. We report binomial confidence interval for the CFR estimates. Also, an adjusted-CFR is developed to capture the potential mortality among the currently active infections. Results: As of May 20, 2020, males share a higher burden (66%) of COVID-19 infections than females (34%) but the infection is more or less evenly distributed in under-five as well as elderly age groups. The CFR among males and females is 2.9% and 3.3%, respectively. The age-specific COVID-19 CFR assumes ‘Nike-swoosh’ pattern with elevated risks among the elderly. The World Health Organization world standard population structure standardized CFR for India is 3.34%. The adjusted-CFR is estimated to be 4.8%. Conclusion: Early evidence indicates that males have higher overall burden, but females have a higher relative-risk of COVID-19 mortality in India. Elderly males and females both display high mortality risk and require special care when infected. Greater focus on data collection and sharing of age-sex specific COVID-19 cases and mortality data is necessary to develop robust estimates of COVID-19 case fatality to support policy decisions.","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77072588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where do women birth during a pandemic? Changing perspectives on Safe Motherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Lucia Rocca-Ihenacho, C. Alonso","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e4","url":null,"abstract":"During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems all over the world are either stressed to their maximum capacity or anticipating becoming overwhelmed. The population is advised not to attend hospital unless strictly necessary, yet this advice seems to apply to all but healthy women during childbirth. \u0000 \u0000Specialized hospital care during childbirth can be lifesaving in case of obstetric complications or for COVID-19 symptomatic women, while strong evidence suggests the appropriateness of midwifery units that are integrated into the healthcare system for eligible women. We must ask ourselves whether obstetric units are the appropriate birthing facilities for healthy women during the pandemic. \u0000 \u0000We have learned from previous crises that the needs of women and children are often badly served during disasters. The COVID-19 pandemic raises concerns over escalation of mistreatment and abuse media are already reporting on restrictions to the rights of birthing women in Europe and the US. In addition, concerns have emerged over increased risk of infection to COVID-19 among birthing women and familied by concentrating all women in obstetric units and lack of optimal care due to pressure on staff and resources. Women's rights in childbirth are being threatened by lack of care during labor, restrictions on accompaniment, unnecessary interventions including inductions, separation of mother and baby and prohibition on breastfeeding. \u0000 \u0000An effective response to the crisis depends on strong and coordinated health care systems where mothers can birth safely, and the needs of the newborn babies are met. The interpretation of what constitute safe care is a stimulus for a strong debate between those who argue for strengthening community and primary care services and those who recommend for centralization of all births in hospitals. This debate is particularly salient during this pandemic and in preparation of future pandemics. \u0000 \u0000We propose a strategic response in the face of the pandemic by expanding the use of midwifery units both alongside the obstetric unit and freestanding (in the community). Where midwifery units are absent pop-up units can be created quickly following the example of the Netherlands. This strategy in high income countries is evidence-based and also serves as a response to the surge in requests of safe childbirths pathways away from the obstetric unit by concerned women at unprecedented rates. We urge policy makers to consider replicating this model in low- and middle-income countries where hospital conditions are more precarious. \u0000 \u0000A strong collaboration between midwives, nurses, obstetricians and neonatologists and the integration of primary care and acute services could ensure safety while maximizing the rational use of resources. Immediate strategic action would ensure that women are able to access appropriate care at the appropriate time, while hospitals continue to respond to the COVID-19 crisis and obstetric unit","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75244678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive NTD elimination project in Mayuge district, Uganda to effectively eliminate schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths","authors":"Eun Seok Kim","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e35","url":null,"abstract":"Four years ago, I worked in Kirudu Hospital as a visiting physician in Kampala, Uganda. One day, I went to an endoscopy room in Kirudu Hospital, where I met a young man in his early twenties. I was curious why this young man came to the endoscopy room because he was too young to come to endoscopy room as a patient. A Ugandan gastroenterologist in charge of the endoscopy room explained that he had an esophageal varix bleeding a week ago and came back for follow up endoscopy examination. Then again why did he have esophageal varix? When I reviewed some published articles, I soon learned that there were huge diseases burdens of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Uganda. Esophageal varix was one of common chronic complications of schistosomiasis (SCH) which is a representative NTD. During my stay in this country, I have realized that this young man's case is not uncommon in Uganda.","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81233625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congratulatory comment from Association of Pacific Rim Universities Global Health Program","authors":"M. Withers","doi":"10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of global health science","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91238298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}