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The measurement of spin-lattice relaxation times at very low power levels 极低功率水平下自旋晶格弛豫时间的测量
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/309
G. Brown, J. Thorp
{"title":"The measurement of spin-lattice relaxation times at very low power levels","authors":"G. Brown, J. Thorp","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/309","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-lattice relaxation times in ruby and sapphire have been measured at 35 and 70 Gc/s by a pulse-response technique using a grid-modulated reflex klystron, the peak pulse power at the specimen being about 10 μW. Relaxation times at 42°K covering the range from 2 msec to 24 msec have been measured at 35 Gc/s, the results in each case agreeing with those obtained from pulse-saturation measurements on the same specimens. Preliminary data are given of the relaxation in ruby at 70 Gc/s, the microwave power being obtained by harmonic generation from 35 Gc/s. The range of applicability of the method is discussed.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":"1423-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72803500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Reduction of stainless-steel outgassing in ultra-high vacuum 减少不锈钢在超高真空下的放气
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/313
R. Calder, G. Lewin
{"title":"Reduction of stainless-steel outgassing in ultra-high vacuum","authors":"R. Calder, G. Lewin","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/313","url":null,"abstract":"The outgassing rate of a 2 mm thick stainless-steel sheet was measured in ultra-high vacuum at constant pressure to avoid the readsorption occurring in a `rate of pressure rise' determination. The rate was typically 10-12 torr l. cm-2 sec-1 and about 99% or more of the gas was hydrogen. Since stainless steel usually contains large amounts of hydrogen and the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in stainless steel is high, it was suspected that the hydrogen diffuses to the surface from the interior of the metal and is released into the vacuum. Calculations show that the observed outgassing rate could be explained by such a process and should be reduced by several orders of magnitude by a high-temperature treatment. The effects of residual hydrogen in the treatment furnace and hydrogen permeation from the atmosphere are also considered in these calculations. The greater the thickness of the metal, the higher the temperature has to be. Measurements are in reasonable agreement with these calculations.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"235 1","pages":"1459-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79946629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 129
Magnetic characteristics of a high-permeability Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo alloy 高磁导率Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo合金的磁特性
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/306
R. Enoch, Anne Winterborn
{"title":"Magnetic characteristics of a high-permeability Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo alloy","authors":"R. Enoch, Anne Winterborn","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/306","url":null,"abstract":"The first anisotropy constant at room temperature of a 77Ni-14Fe-5Cu -4Mo wt.% alloy has been measured; both its magnitude and its sign are shown to be dependent on the degree of short-range order in the alloy. The effect of the anisotropy on the magnetic properties of the alloy has been determined for various states of order. The highest initial permeability and the lowest coercivity occur for a vanishingly small anisotropy associated with a critical amount of order. Infinite permeability is prevented by the presence of a magnetoelastic anisotropy arising from internal stresses: the magnitude of this anisotropy can be determined.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"69 1","pages":"1407-1413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Single-crystal films of silicon on insulators 绝缘体上的单晶硅膜
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/301
J. Filby, S. Nielsen
{"title":"Single-crystal films of silicon on insulators","authors":"J. Filby, S. Nielsen","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/301","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation and properties of single-crystal films of silicon on insulating substrates are reviewed. Attempts have been made to prepare single-crystal films by epitaxial deposition on insulating substrates such as Al2O3, SiO2, MgAl2O4, SiC and BeO, and to a lesser extent by recrystallization and controlled-nucleation experiments on amorphous substrates. Evaporation, sublimation, sputtering, vapour-liquid-solid processes, and vapour techniques, including silane, silicon tetrachloride and other silicon halides, have been used to deposit silicon films. The differences between these processes and the factors affecting the perfection of films are discussed. A good deal of research has been devoted to silicon films on single-crystal sapphire substrates. Although diode, field-effect and bipolar devices have been fabricated the perfection of the films is still inadequate for some purposes. Factors affecting the perfection include interaction of the substrate and film during deposition, the perfection of the substrate surface, the nucleation and growth processes, and the presence of impurities and stresses in the film. Particular attention is paid to the orientation relationships between the silicon and the sapphire.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1357-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87042125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
The low-field ferroelectric switching behaviour of barium titanate 钛酸钡的低场铁电开关行为
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/302
R. Latham
{"title":"The low-field ferroelectric switching behaviour of barium titanate","authors":"R. Latham","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/302","url":null,"abstract":"Using single-crystal barium titanate with liquid electrodes, the pyroelectric effect has been used in a technique to extend the measurements of ferroelectric switching times to low fields. In the field range studied (0·2 ts > 10-4 sec) two significant transitions have been found in the switching behaviour at 0·54 kv cm-1 and 0·3 kv cm-1, appearing experimentally as discrete changes in the activation field. They have been shown to be due respectively to a modification in the nucleation mechanism of reversed domains and to the onset of charge compensation behind the moving domain walls.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"94 1","pages":"1383-1388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87506279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
A study of the vapour pressure of manganese using a new high-temperature torsion - effusion apparatus 用一种新型高温扭液装置研究锰的蒸气压
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/314
P. Spencer, J. N. Pratt
{"title":"A study of the vapour pressure of manganese using a new high-temperature torsion - effusion apparatus","authors":"P. Spencer, J. N. Pratt","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/314","url":null,"abstract":"The vapour pressure of manganese has been measured over the temperature range 1250-1550°K by means of the torsion-effusion technique. The data have been treated by the Third Law method and a value of the standard heat of sublimation (ΔH0298) of 68 095 ± 400 cal per gramme atom obtained (ΔH00 = 67 805 cal per gramme atom). Vapour pressure equations for the β, γ, δ and liquid forms of manganese have been computed.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"87 1","pages":"1473-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90869221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Cerenkov radiation by a point charge moving parallel to the plane interface between two semi-infinite dielectric media 平行于两个半无限介质之间的平面界面运动的点电荷的切伦科夫辐射
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/311
R. Khan
{"title":"Cerenkov radiation by a point charge moving parallel to the plane interface between two semi-infinite dielectric media","authors":"R. Khan","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/311","url":null,"abstract":"Cerenkov radiation in two semi-infinite dielectric media due to a point charge moving parallel to the plane interface has been calculated as a simple boundary-value problem. The results obtained differ from those of Danos, Linhart and Pafomov but are in complete agreement with the formulae for Cerenkov radiation in an infinite homogeneous dielectric medium and in a semi-infinite homogeneous dielectric medium with the plane conducting boundary as the limiting case. No discrepancy arises on interchanging dielectric constants if the particle moves along the common boundary plane. The result obtained from the radiation formula by a Linhart-type approximation is superior to Linhart's result from the point of view of rigour.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"64 1","pages":"1443-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81028984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A practical method for the deconvolution of experimental curves 实验曲线反褶积的一种实用方法
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/315
A. Jones, D. L. Misell
{"title":"A practical method for the deconvolution of experimental curves","authors":"A. Jones, D. L. Misell","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/315","url":null,"abstract":"A general method is given for the correction of experimental spectra when they have been distorted according to the convolution integral described, where F(x) is the observed spectrum, f(x) is the true profile and S(x) is the slit function or intrinsic broadening function. The method is applied to the three main types of slit functions which are encountered in practice, namely the exponential, Gaussian and Cauchy distributions.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":"1479-1483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86866692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
The effect of atomic number in electron-probe microanalysis of copper-nickel alloys 原子序数对铜镍合金电子探针显微分析的影响
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/305
G. Ranzetta, V. Scott
{"title":"The effect of atomic number in electron-probe microanalysis of copper-nickel alloys","authors":"G. Ranzetta, V. Scott","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/305","url":null,"abstract":"Microanalysis measurements have been carried out on a series of copper-nickel alloys. An atomic-number effect which could lead to errors exceeding 5% in quantitative work was found to be present in this system, a result which substantiates theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":"1403-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87217381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Tables of the Brillouin function and of the related function for the spontaneous magnetization 自发磁化的布里渊函数及相关函数表
British Journal of Applied Physics Pub Date : 1967-10-01 DOI: 10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/307
M. Darby
{"title":"Tables of the Brillouin function and of the related function for the spontaneous magnetization","authors":"M. Darby","doi":"10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/18/10/307","url":null,"abstract":"The Brillouin function and the spontaneous magnetization derived from it are tabulated for spin values ½ to 7/2 in half-integral steps and for J = ∞.","PeriodicalId":9350,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Applied Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1415-1417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86110441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 62
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