PhotoniX最新文献

{"title":"Low-temperature conformal SnO2 coating enables efficient printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with industrial scalability","authors":"Kai Chen, Jiale Liu, Yongming Ma, Yanjie Cheng, Jianhang Qi, Yuan Shi, Dang Xu, Song Shen, Junwei Xiang, Qiaojiao Gao, Yang Zhou, Anyi Mei, Hongwei Han","doi":"10.1186/s43074-025-00219-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00219-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hole transport layer-free printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs) employing carbon electrodes offer cost-effective fabrication but face efficiency limitations due to suboptimal charge transport in the TiO 2 -based mesoporous electron transport layer (mp-ETL). Here, we develop a TiO 2 @SnO 2 bilayer mp-ETL for p-MPSCs and obtain encouraging performance enhancement. By performing tailored chemical bath deposition of the preformed triple mesoporous scaffold of TiO 2 ETL/ZrO 2 spacer/carbon electrode rather than the mp-TiO 2 alone, the conformal SnO 2 coating is formed without experiencing high-temperature annealing suffering, thus circumventing associated electronic property degradation. This approach enables selective conformal SnO 2 deposition exclusively on mp-TiO 2 , preventing the formation of undesired current leakage pathway in the spacer. Notably, intentional SnO 2 incorporation in the carbon electrode shows no detrimental effects. The conformal SnO 2 coating successfully improves interfacial energy alignment, suppresses non-radiative recombination, and boosts electron transport. The resulting TiO 2 @SnO 2 p-MPSCs achieve a well improved champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.5%. The bilayer mp-ETL also demonstrates scalability with 18.8% PCE achieved in 57.33-cm 2 minimodules. Furthermore, encapsulated devices exhibit good operational stability, with 90% efficiency retained after 2000-h maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination at 55 ± 5 °C. This work establishes a practical mp-ETL for high-performance printable perovskite photovoltaics. Graphical Abstract A bilayer mp-ETL of TiO 2 @SnO 2 is developed via low-temperature processing for hole-conductor-free, carbon-based fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, thereby enabling a PCE of 22.5% and 18.8% for 0.1-cm 2 and 57.33-cm 2 devices.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00219-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational optical streak microscopy of megahertz acoustic microbubble dynamics.","authors":"Miguel Marquez, Yingming Lai, Miao Liu, Elahe Memari, Brandon Helfield, Jinyang Liang","doi":"10.1186/s43074-026-00232-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43074-026-00232-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Real-time dynamic imaging of microbubbles is crucial for understanding their microscale biophysical interactions and advancing ultrasound therapy. Despite progress in time-resolved optical imaging, existing techniques still face trade-offs between acquisition speed, spatial resolution, affordability, and system complexity. Here, we introduce compressed optical-streaking dark-field ultrahigh-speed microscopy (COSDUM), a compact imaging platform that synergistically combines compressed sensing, streak imaging, dark-field microscopy, and deep learning. COSDUM compressively records megahertz acoustic microbubble dynamics over a wide field of view in a snapshot and reconstructs spatially resolved dynamics using a convolutional neural network-based algorithm. Using COSDUM, we captured stable cavitation, nonlinear oscillations, post-excitation free oscillations, and inertial collapse across microbubbles whose radii range from 0.5 to 2.1 μm. Applying COSDUM to microbubble-cell interaction in whole blood, we observed, for the first time, interplay between vibrating microbubbles and blood cells, including microbubble-driven platelet dynamics and highly asymmetric microbubble deformation and conformation around an adjacent red blood cell.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43074-026-00232-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pixel super-resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging using deep neural networks.","authors":"Paloma Casteleiro Costa, Parnian Ghapandar Kashani, Xuhui Liu, Alexander Chen, Ary Portes, Julien Bec, Laura Marcu, Aydogan Ozcan","doi":"10.1186/s43074-026-00277-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43074-026-00277-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful quantitative technique that provides metabolic and molecular contrast, offering strong translational potential for label-free, real-time diagnostics. However, its clinical adoption remains limited by long pixel dwell times and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which impose a more severe resolution-speed trade-off than conventional optical imaging approaches. Here, we introduce FLIM_{PSR_k}, a deep learning-based multi-channel pixel super-resolution (PSR) framework that reconstructs high-resolution FLIM images from data acquired with up to a fivefold increased pixel size. The model is trained using the conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) framework, which, compared to diffusion model-based alternatives, delivers a more robust PSR reconstruction with substantially shorter inference times, a crucial advantage for practical deployment. FLIM_{PSR_k} not only enables faster image acquisition but can also alleviate SNR limitations in autofluorescence-based FLIM. Blind testing on held-out patient-derived tumor tissue samples demonstrates that FLIM_{PSR_k} reliably achieves a super-resolution factor of k = 5, resulting in a 25-fold increase in the space-bandwidth product of the output images and revealing fine architectural features lost in lower-resolution inputs, with statistically significant improvements across various image quality metrics. By increasing FLIM's effective spatial resolution, FLIM_{PSR_k} advances lifetime imaging toward faster, higher-resolution, and hardware-flexible implementations compatible with low-numerical-aperture and miniaturized platforms, better positioning FLIM for translational applications.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43074-026-00277-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-running ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy enabling absolute electronic fingerprinting.","authors":"Lukas Fürst, Mithun Pal, Alexander Eber, Emily Hruska, Clemens Hofmann, Iouli E Gordon, Martin Schultze, Rolf Breinbauer, Birgitta Bernhardt","doi":"10.1186/s43074-026-00250-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43074-026-00250-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy reveals electronic transitions in matter that underpin atmospheric photochemistry and molecular dynamics. While dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) has revolutionized precision measurements in the infrared region and expanded to the THz to the visible regions, its extension into the UV has been accomplished only very recently with demanding experimental efforts. Here we introduce free-running ultraviolet dual-comb spectroscopy (UV-DCS), a straightforward, high-fidelity method for absolute absorption cross sections and rapid molecular fingerprinting in the atmospheric UV window. The approach delivers high spectral resolution (1 GHz), broad bandwidth (12 THz), and fast acquisition (500 ms) without active stabilization, resulting in a UV-DCS quality factor that exceeds previously reported values.. Applied to formaldehyde (HCHO), a key atmospheric pollutant and photochemical driver, the technique yields an unprecedented count of rovibrational transitions in this window, enriching the molecular line list used for atmospheric chemistry and remote sensing. The measurements produce refined rotational constants, enabling high-accuracy quantum simulations of molecular eigenstates and informing ab initio models. Beyond robust absolute cross sections, UV-DCS provides a universal, rapid fingerprinting tool for transmissive species, offering fast atmospheric sensing and a rigorous benchmark for quantum theory without stabilization requirements. Coupled with advanced formaldehyde synthesis, these results support improved atmospheric monitoring, more reliable retrievals of HCHO abundances, and enhanced validation of fundamental molecular physics. Overall, this work realizes a free-running UV-DCS platform combining GHz resolution, multi-terahertz bandwidth, and sub-second acquisition, and applies it to refine formaldehyde ultraviolet spectroscopic parameters relevant to atmospheric and molecular science.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43074-026-00250-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148019191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snapshot 3D at the speed frontier: redefining light-field microscopy for neuroimaging.","authors":"Ruixuan Zhao, Jongchan Park, Liang Gao","doi":"10.1186/s43074-026-00265-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43074-026-00265-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural activity unfolds across three-dimensional circuits on millisecond-to-microsecond timescales, yet most optical microscopes still acquire volumes sequentially, limiting their ability to capture fast, distributed dynamics. Light-field microscopy (LFM) addresses this unmet need by encoding spatial and angular information into a single camera exposure, enabling snapshot volumetric imaging with low latency and strong robustness to motion. Here we review emerging advances in light-field neuroimaging, from brain-wide calcium recordings in freely moving animals to recent progress that brings kilohertz-class volumetric voltage imaging within reach. We argue that LFM should be evaluated based on information throughput, latency, photon efficiency, and motion robustness at the speed frontier, but not as a direct resolution or contrast competitor to confocal, multiphoton, or light-sheet microscopy. We conclude by highlighting future directions that preserve the LFM's snapshot advantage, including speed-preserving improvements in image quality, extreme temporal-bandwidth architectures that prioritize quantitative inference over visual appearance, and multimodal light-field sensing that adds spectral, lifetime, and polarization contrast.</p>","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13323215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle beam two-photon microscopy for simultaneous multiplane neural and vascular imaging in awake mice.","authors":"Quanyu Zhou, Jingjing Zhao, Chaim Glück, Yu-Hang Liu, Lin Du, Lukas Glandorf, Tian Jin, Zhenyue Chen, Lingqi Jiang, Bruno Weber, Adam de la Zerda, Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1186/s43074-026-00237-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43074-026-00237-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comprehensive understanding of brain functions necessitates high-speed imaging of neuronal and vascular dynamics across extensive volumes. Functional neuroimaging investigations with two-photon microscopy are commonly hindered by its limited depth of field which restricts imaging rates across multiple planes. We introduce needle-shaped beam two-photon microscopy (NB-2PM), a versatile platform for high-throughput neurovascular imaging at sub-cellular resolution across multiple depths. It employs customized diffractive optical elements to generate single- or multi-plane needle beams with up to 10 times elongated depth of field relative to Rayleigh lengths and engineered axial energy distribution to effectively offset light attenuation with depth. The proposed method was applied to snapshot volumetric vascular imaging and multi-plane neurovascular dynamic recordings of resting state and stimulus-evoked activity in mice. NB-2PM can seamlessly be integrated into existing microscopy systems, thus providing a scalable platform for gaining comprehensive insights into the functional architecture of murine brain.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43074-026-00237-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12992400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable, ultrathin, highly selective and emissive films by microsphere-polymer coupled metasurfaces for passive radiative cooling","authors":"Qian Zhu, Yinggang Chen, Tong Wang, Hua Lu, Limin Wu, Min Gu, Yinan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s43074-025-00198-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00198-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a recently developed zero-carbon cooling technology that harnesses the coldness of the universe as an inexhaustible and environmentally sustainable energy source, holding immense promise for revolutionizing the global energy landscape. Photonic structures with tailored optical responses across solar and thermal wavelengths play pivotal roles in daytime radiative cooling. However, the design of spectrally selective structures with simultaneously high performance, scalable manufacturability and reduced material usage toward real-world deployment remains a significant challenge. Here we report scalable, ultrathin and high-performance selective radiative cooling photonic films by microsphere-polymer coupled metasurface (M-PCM), which consists of subwavelength-thick (~ 8 µm) polymeric elastomer embedded with a monolayer hexagonally close-packed microsphere array on the top and an optically thick reflector underneath via an inexpensive and scalable-manufactured strategy. By controlling the light coupling between the glass sphere and polymers, Mie resonances are spectrally selective excited or suppressed leading to a strong infrared emissivity of 0.96 within 8–13 µm and a large spectral selectivity of 1.50, with simultaneously a high solar reflectance of 0.96, surpassing the state-of-the-art selective PDRC designs. More critically, the M-PCM film yields a maximum temperature drop of 7.1 °C in a represented rooftop test. Promisingly, the mass-produced yet economically viable ultrathin flexible M-PCM films are portable to be integrated into diverse realistic scenarios, such as building exteriors, automobile bodies and water tanks, which could potentially contribute to the global energy conservation and carbon emission reduction.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://photonix.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00198-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface plasmon driven atomic migration mediated by molecular monolayer","authors":"Qihong Hu, Jieyi Zhang, E. Ramya, Junchao Yang, Xin Zuo, Yiran Wang, Yonggang Huang, Dong Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s43074-025-00190-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00190-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Highly efficient controlling the individual atomic migration is the basis of the modern atomic manufacturing. Although one-by-one atom migration can be realized precisely by STM technique, such a delicate operation is time consuming and restrictive conditions ( e.g ., high-vacuum) needed to be satisfied. Here, we reported that individual metal atoms can be efficiently transferred from the nanoparticle surface to the underneath substrate via instantaneous laser irradiation under ambient conditions. By inserting self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules into nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) structures, a pronounced resonance shift that depends on the dipole moments of the SAM molecules, was observed upon laser irradiation. Assisted by the in-situ measurement of Raman spectra, synchronously capturing dark-field (DF) scattering spectra and DF imaging, it is clarified that the laser-induced localized surface plasmons, which generates strong dipole–dipole interactions, play a critical role in triggering atomic migration. Our study opens an avenue for the highly efficient fabrication of atomic patterns.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://photonix.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00190-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive visible-infrared camouflage with wide-range radiation control for extreme ambient temperatures","authors":"Yixiang Huang, Huanzheng Zhu, Yiwei Zhou, C. J. Dai, Rongxuan Zhu, Pintu Ghosh, Min Qiu, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1186/s43074-025-00184-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00184-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://photonix.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00184-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme anti-interference capability in temporal and frequency domain by utilizing laser Antenna in optical wireless communication system","authors":"Kun Qian, Hongyu Yang, Jingzhou Li, Dong Liang, Jiaxi Li, Yichi Zhong, Zhuhua Xu, Jiahao Zhang, Hanhuai Yang, Xizhe Liang, Junping Zhang, Hongxing Dong, Long Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s43074-025-00181-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-025-00181-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fluorescent antennas have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional lens modules in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems, offering an expanded field of view (FOV) by surpassing the étendue limit. However, their limited anti-interference performance in both time and frequency domains has constrained their widespread applications. Herein, we introduce a novel “laser antenna” that integrates stimulated emission from high-quality perovskite microlasers into the optical antenna design. Achieving a theoretical bandwidth of up to 36.2 GHz and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 40 dB, this laser antenna demonstrates strong anti-interference capabilities in the temporal domain. Furthermore, spectral analysis using amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation reveals its distinct periodicity, tunability, and recoverability, enabling robust frequency selectivity even in the presence of interference. These findings establish the laser antenna’s potential to overcome critical limitations of conventional OWC systems, thereby paving the way for efficient, stable, and high-performance optical wireless links.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43074-025-00181-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}