PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00139-2

Wenwu Chen, Shijie Feng, Wei Yin, Yixuan Li, Jiaming Qian, Qian Chen, Chao Zuo

{"title":"Deep-learning-enabled temporally super-resolved multiplexed fringe projection profilometry: high-speed kHz 3D imaging with low-speed camera","authors":"Wenwu Chen, Shijie Feng, Wei Yin, Yixuan Li, Jiaming Qian, Qian Chen, Chao Zuo","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00139-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00139-2","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in imaging sensors and digital light projection technology have facilitated rapid progress in 3D optical sensing, enabling 3D surfaces of complex-shaped objects to be captured with high resolution and accuracy. Nevertheless, due to the inherent synchronous pattern projection and image acquisition mechanism, the temporal resolution of conventional structured light or fringe projection profilometry (FPP) based 3D imaging methods is still limited to the native detector frame rates. In this work, we demonstrate a new 3D imaging method, termed deep-learning-enabled multiplexed FPP (DLMFPP), that allows to achieve high-resolution and high-speed 3D imaging at near-one-order of magnitude-higher 3D frame rate with conventional low-speed cameras. By encoding temporal information in one multiplexed fringe pattern, DLMFPP harnesses deep neural networks embedded with Fourier transform, phase-shifting and ensemble learning to decompose the pattern and analyze separate fringes, furnishing a high signal-to-noise ratio and a ready-to-implement solution over conventional computational imaging techniques. We demonstrate this method by measuring different types of transient scenes, including rotating fan blades and bullet fired from a toy gun, at kHz using cameras of around 100 Hz. Experiential results establish that DLMFPP allows slow-scan cameras with their known advantages in terms of cost and spatial resolution to be used for high-speed 3D imaging tasks.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical steelyard: high-resolution and wide-range refractive index sensing by synergizing Fabry–Perot interferometer with metafibers 光学秤砣：通过法布里-珀罗干涉仪与金属纤维的协同作用实现高分辨率和宽范围折射率传感

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00138-3

Lei Zhang, Xinggang Shang, Simin Cao, Qiannan Jia, Jiyong Wang, Wei Yan, Min Qiu

{"title":"Optical steelyard: high-resolution and wide-range refractive index sensing by synergizing Fabry–Perot interferometer with metafibers","authors":"Lei Zhang, Xinggang Shang, Simin Cao, Qiannan Jia, Jiyong Wang, Wei Yan, Min Qiu","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00138-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00138-3","url":null,"abstract":"Refractive index (RI) sensors play an important role in various applications including biomedical analysis and food processing industries. However, developing RI sensors with both high resolution and wide linear range remains a great challenge due to the tradeoff between quality (Q) factor and free spectral range (FSR) of resonance mode. Herein, the optical steelyard principle is presented to address this challenge by synergizing resonances from the Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity and metasurface, integrated in a hybrid configuration form on the end facet of optical fibers. Specifically, the FP resonance acting like the scale beam, offers high resolution while the plasmonic resonance acting like the weight, provides a wide linear range. Featuring asymmetric Fano spectrum due to modal coupling between these two resonances, a high Q value (~ 3829 in liquid) and a sensing resolution (figure of merit) of 2664 RIU−1 are experimentally demonstrated. Meanwhile, a wide RI sensing range (1.330–1.430 in the simulation and 1.3403–1.3757 in the experiment) is realized, corresponding to a spectral shift across several FSRs (four and two FSRs in the simulation and experiment, respectively). The proposed steelyard RI sensing strategy is promising in versatile monitoring applications, e.g., water salinity/turbidity and biomedical reaction process, and could be extended to other types of sensors calling for both high resolution and wide linear range.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-low-defect homoepitaxial micro-LEDs with enhanced efficiency and monochromaticity for high-PPI AR/MR displays 用于高 PPI AR/MR 显示屏的超低缺陷同外延微型 LED，具有更高的效率和单色性

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00137-4

Yibo Liu, Guobin Wang, Feng Feng, Mengyuan Zhanghu, Zhengnan Yuan, Zichun Li, Ke Xu, Hoi Sing Kwok, Zhaojun Liu

{"title":"Ultra-low-defect homoepitaxial micro-LEDs with enhanced efficiency and monochromaticity for high-PPI AR/MR displays","authors":"Yibo Liu, Guobin Wang, Feng Feng, Mengyuan Zhanghu, Zhengnan Yuan, Zichun Li, Ke Xu, Hoi Sing Kwok, Zhaojun Liu","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00137-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00137-4","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of brightness in strong ambient light conditions is one of the critical obstacles restricting the application of augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR). Gallium nitride (GaN)-based micro-LEDs, renowned for their exceptional brightness and stability, are considered the foremost contenders for AR applications. Nevertheless, conventional heteroepitaxial growth micro-LED devices confront formidable challenges, including substantial wavelength shifts and efficiency droop. In this paper, we firstly demonstrated the high-quality homoepitaxial GaN-on-GaN micro-LEDs micro-display, and thoroughly analyzed the possible benefits for free-standing GaN substrate from the material-level characterization to device optoelectronic properties and micro-display application compared with sapphire substrate. The GaN-on-GaN structure exhibits a superior crystal quality with ultra-low threading dislocation densities (TDDs) of ~ 105 cm−2, which is three orders of magnitude lower than that of GaN-on-Sapphire. Through an in-depth size-dependent optoelectronic analysis of blue/green emission GaN-on-GaN/ Sapphire micro-LEDs from 100 × 100 shrink to 3 × 3 μm2, real that a lower forward voltage and series resistance, a consistent emission wavelength (1.21 nm for blue and 4.79 nm for green @ 500 A/cm2), coupled with a notable reduction in efficiency droop ratios (15.6% for blue and 28.5% for green @ 500 A/cm2) and expanded color gamut (103.57% over Rec. 2020) within GaN-on-GaN 10 μm micro-LEDs. Last but not least, the GaN-on-GaN micro-display with 3000 pixels per inch (PPI) showcased enhanced display uniformity and higher luminance in comparison to its GaN-on-Sapphire counterpart, demonstrating significant potentials for high-brightness AR/MR applications under strong ambient light.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time monitoring of fast gas dynamics with a single-molecule resolution by frequency-comb-referenced plasmonic phase spectroscopy 利用频率-梳状参比等离子体相位光谱以单分子分辨率实时监测快速气体动力学

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00140-9

Duy-Anh Nguyen, Dae Hee Kim, Geon Ho Lee, San Kim, Dong-Chel Shin, Jongkyoon Park, Hak-Jong Choi, Seung-Woo Kim, Seungchul Kim, Young-Jin Kim

{"title":"Real-time monitoring of fast gas dynamics with a single-molecule resolution by frequency-comb-referenced plasmonic phase spectroscopy","authors":"Duy-Anh Nguyen, Dae Hee Kim, Geon Ho Lee, San Kim, Dong-Chel Shin, Jongkyoon Park, Hak-Jong Choi, Seung-Woo Kim, Seungchul Kim, Young-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00140-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00140-9","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are based on photon-excited surface charge density oscillations confined at metal-dielectric interfaces, which makes them highly sensitive to biological or chemical molecular bindings to functional metallic surfaces. Metal nanostructures further concentrate surface plasmons into a smaller area than the diffraction limit, thus strengthening photon-sample interactions. However, plasmonic sensors based on intensity detection provide limited resolution with long acquisition time owing to their high vulnerability to environmental and instrumental noises. Here, we demonstrate fast and precise detection of noble gas dynamics at single molecular resolution via frequency-comb-referenced plasmonic phase spectroscopy. The photon-sample interaction was enhanced by a factor of 3,852 than the physical sample thickness owing to plasmon resonance and thermophoresis-assisted optical confinement effects. By utilizing a sharp plasmonic phase slope and a high heterodyne information carrier, a small atomic-density modulation was clearly resolved at 5 Hz with a resolution of 0.06 Ar atoms per nano-hole (in 10–11 RIU) in Allan deviation at 0.2 s; a faster motion up to 200 Hz was clearly resolved. This fast and precise sensing technique can enable the in-depth analysis of fast fluid dynamics with the utmost resolution for a better understanding of biomedical, chemical, and physical events and interactions.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh-fidelity full-color holographic display via color-aware optimization 通过色彩感知优化实现超高保真全彩全息显示

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00134-7

Chun Chen, Seung-Woo Nam, Dongyeon Kim, Juhyun Lee, Yoonchan Jeong, Byoungho Lee

{"title":"Ultrahigh-fidelity full-color holographic display via color-aware optimization","authors":"Chun Chen, Seung-Woo Nam, Dongyeon Kim, Juhyun Lee, Yoonchan Jeong, Byoungho Lee","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00134-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00134-7","url":null,"abstract":"Holographic display offers the capability to generate high-quality images with a wide color gamut since it is laser-driven. However, many existing holographic display techniques fail to fully exploit this potential, primarily due to the system’s imperfections. Such flaws often result in inaccurate color representation, and there is a lack of an efficient way to address this color accuracy issue. In this study, we develop a color-aware hologram optimization approach for color-accurate holographic displays. Our approach integrates both laser and camera into the hologram optimization loop, enabling dynamic optimization of the laser’s output color and the acquisition of physically captured feedback. Moreover, we improve the efficiency of the color-aware optimization process for holographic video displays. We introduce a cascade optimization strategy, which leverages the redundant neighbor hologram information to accelerate the iterative process. We evaluate our method through both simulation and optical experiments, demonstrating the superiority in terms of image quality, color accuracy, and hologram optimization speed compared to previous algorithms. Our approach verifies a promising way to realize a high-fidelity image in the holographic display, which provides a new direction toward the practical holographic display.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lensless fiber endomicroscopy in biomedicine 生物医学中的无镜头纤维内窥镜

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00133-8

Jiawei Sun, Robert Kuschmierz, Ori Katz, Nektarios Koukourakis, Juergen W. Czarske

引用次数: 0

Cascaded chiral birefringent media enabled planar lens with programable chromatic aberration 具有可编程色差的级联手性双折射介质平面透镜

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00132-9

Dewei Zhang, Chun-Ting Xu, Quan-Ming Chen, Han Cao, Hong-Guan Yu, Qing-Gui Tan, Yan-qing Lu, Wei Hu

{"title":"Cascaded chiral birefringent media enabled planar lens with programable chromatic aberration","authors":"Dewei Zhang, Chun-Ting Xu, Quan-Ming Chen, Han Cao, Hong-Guan Yu, Qing-Gui Tan, Yan-qing Lu, Wei Hu","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00132-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00132-9","url":null,"abstract":"Wavefront control is the fundamental requirement in optical informatics. Planar optics have drawn intensive attention due to the merits of compactness and light weight. However, it remains a challenge to freely manipulate the dispersion, hindering practical applications, especially in imaging. Here, we propose the concept of frequency-synthesized phase engineering to solve this problem. A phasefront-frequency matrix is properly designed to encode different spatial phases to separate frequencies, thus makes arbitrary dispersion tailoring and even frequency-separated functionalization possible. The periodically rotated director endows cholesteric liquid crystal with a spin and frequency selective reflection. Moreover, via presetting the local initial orientation of liquid crystal, geometric phase is encoded to the reflected light. We verify the proposed strategy by cascading the chiral anisotropic optical media of specifically designed helical pitches and initial director orientations. By this means, planar lenses with RGB achromatic, enhanced chromatic aberration and color routing properties are demonstrated. Inch-sized and high-efficient lenses are fabricated with low crosstalk among colors. It releases the freedom of dispersion control of planar optics, and even enables frequency decoupled phase modulations. This work brings new insights to functional planar optics and may upgrade the performance of existing optical apparatuses.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astronomical adaptive optics: a review 天文自适应光学：综述

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00118-7

Changhui Rao, Libo Zhong, Youming Guo, Min Li, Lanqiang Zhang, Kai Wei

引用次数: 0

Large-scale optical switches by thermo-optic waveguide lens 利用热光学波导透镜实现大规模光学开关

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00131-w

Tao Chen, Zhangqi Dang, Zeyu Deng, Shijie Ke, Zhenming Ding, Ziyang Zhang

{"title":"Large-scale optical switches by thermo-optic waveguide lens","authors":"Tao Chen, Zhangqi Dang, Zeyu Deng, Shijie Ke, Zhenming Ding, Ziyang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s43074-024-00131-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-024-00131-w","url":null,"abstract":"Optical switches are desired in telecom and datacom as an upgrade to electrical ones for lower power consumption and expenses while improving bandwidth and network transparency. Compact, integrated optical switches are attractive thanks to their scalability, readiness for mass production, and robustness against mechanical disturbances. The basic unit relies mostly on a microring resonator or a Mach–Zehnder interferometer for binary “bar” and “cross” switching. Such single-mode structures are often wavelength / polarization dependent, sensitive to phase errors and loss-prone. Furthermore, when they are cascaded to a network, the number of control units grows quickly with the port count, causing high complexity in electronic wiring and drive circuit integration. Herein, we propose a new switching method by thermo-optic waveguide lens. Essentially, this multimode waveguide forms a square law medium by a pair of heater electrodes and focuses light within a chip by robust 1 × 1 imaging. A 1 × 24 basic switch is demonstrated with 32 electrodes and only two are biased at a time for a chosen output. By two-level cascading, the switch expands to 576 ports and only four electrodes are needed for one path. The chips are fabricated on wafer scale in a low-budget laboratory without resorting to foundries. Yet, the performance goes beyond state of the art for low insertion loss, low wavelength dependence and low polarization dependence. This work provides an original, alternative, and practical route to construct large-scale optical switches, enabling broad applications in telecom, datacom and photonic computing.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-dimensional Poincaré beams generated through cascaded metasurfaces for high-security optical encryption 通过级联元曲面生成的高维 Poincaré 光束用于高安全性光学加密

PhotoniX Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1186/s43074-024-00125-8

Jitao Ji, Chen Chen, Jiacheng Sun, Xin Ye, Zhizhang Wang, Jian Li, Junyi Wang, Wange Song, Chunyu Huang, Kai Qiu, Shining Zhu, Tao Li

引用次数: 0

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