Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of The Anti-glucagon Treatment (Amylin) on Isolated Hearts Performance in Experimentally Induced Type II Diabetes in Rats","authors":"Yasmin Assal, N. Saleh, B. elKafoury, Ghida Hassan, H. Saleh, Mohamed Hassan Elsayed","doi":"10.21608/besps.2022.121958.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2022.121958.1120","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: Patients with type II diabetes (T2D) have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that increase their cardiovascular disease risk. Anti-glucagon medications as amylin and its analogs are emerging antihyperglycemic agents which recently have gained attention. However, studies exploring cardiovascular effects of amylin have shown mixed outcomes. We, therefore, aimed to assess the effects of amylin on cardiac performance in experimentally induced T2D in rats. Methods: This study was carried out in a total duration of 5 weeks on 40 adult female Wistar Albino rats were allocated into 3 groups (control group, diabetic group and a group of diabetic rats treated with amylin). Rats in the diabetic and amylin treated groups were rendered diabetic by receiving high fat diet for 2 weeks, then subjected to a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in a dose of 35 mg/Kg dissolved in 1 mL of 0.05 M citrate buffer. Rats in the amylin group were treated with amylin which was started at the fifth week in a dose of 20 μg/Kg once daily for 7 days. ECG as well as the in vitro responses of isolated hearts to isoproterenol infusion by Langendorff’s preparation were also assessed. Blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon, HbA1c and serum lipid profile. Results: Median baseline peak developed tension (PT) and PT per left ventricular weight (PT/LV) were significantly lowered in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Both parameters in the amylin treated group were significantly increased compared to the diabetic group and approached the normal control values. As regards cardiac responses to isoproterenol infusion, maximal and delta changes of heart rate (HR), PT and PT/LV were significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Whereas these parameters were significantly elevated in the amylin treated group compared to the diabetic group. Maximal and recovery HR values as well as maximal PT and PT/LV became normalized in the amylin treated group. The diabetic group also showed significant prolongation of time to peak tension (TPT), half relaxation time (HRT) and decrease of tension generation per unit time (TGPT), myocardial flow rate per left ventricular weight (MFR/LV) maximal responses to isoproterenol compared to control group. Those parameters were significantly improved in the amylin treated group and reached the control values, but the maximal responses of MFR/LV remained significantly lowered compared to the control group. Biochemically, amylin treatment lowered plasma glucagon level compared to diabetic and to control groups but did not increase plasma insulin level compared to diabetic group and remained significantly lowered compared to control group. Conclusions: Amylin, the anti-glucagon therapy, was able to impose partial improvement on cardiac chronotropic, inotropic functions and myocardial blood flow in diabetic","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81836806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetuin A Levels Among Different Grades Of Obesity With Its Potential Link To Its Complication With Elaboration Of Physical Training Effects In Rats","authors":"R. El-Shaer, R. Abd-Ellatif, Eman El-Tabaa, M. Awad","doi":"10.21608/besps.2022.111806.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2022.111806.1115","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to examine the link between fetuin A and different grades of obesity with its potential link to its complication and to determine the effect of exercise on its levels as well as on obesity complications. Methods: 40 male rats were classified based on adiposity index by using cluster analysis to 4 groups: G1: normal weight with no physical training n=10, G2: Overweight n=9, G3: Obese n=11 and G4: normal weight with physical training n=10. Albumin and creatinine were determined in urine and serum levels of fetuin-A, adiponectin, TNF-α, MDA, GSH, lipid profile and HOMA IR were measured. Also, liver NFkappa and renal relative AMPK mRNA expression were determined. Results: Fetuin–A, MDA, TNF-α, LDL, TG, HOMA IR, NFkappa, Adiposity index and ACR were significantly higher while adiponectin, GSH, HDL and relative AMPK mRNA expression were significantly lower in group2,3 as compared to group1,4 and as compared to each other. While, group3 showed significant increase in ACR, as compared to group1,2,4 but there was no significant change in ACR in group2. Group4 showed significant increase in adiponectin, GSH, HDL and relative AMPK mRNA expression and significant decrease in fetuin-A, TNF-α, MDA, HOMA IR, LDL ,TG, NFkappa, adiposity index and ACR as compared to group2,3. Also, positive correlation between fetuin-A and Adiposity index, ACR and NFkappa with negative correlation between it and adiponectin detected in group2,3,4.Conclusion: Fetuin-A level is directly proportional to obesity grades and its complication. Also, exercise appears to have protective role by decreasing fetuin-A level.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73010072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of the combined use of L-carnitine and L-arginine against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","authors":"Magdi A. Eldamarawi, N. Nassef","doi":"10.21608/besps.2022.108614.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2022.108614.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can be mainly caused by oxidative stress, decreased nitric oxide (NO) level, activation of hepatic Kupffer cells, neutrophils adhesions, increased level of intercellular adhesion molecules, and inflammatory process. Aim: Studying the ability of L-carnitine (LC) and L-arginine (LG) to protect the liver cells against the damage caused by IRI. Methods: This study was carried out on 40 male Wistar albino rats which were divided into 5 groups; shamoperated, hepatic IRI, IRI rats pretreated with L-carnitine, IRI rats pretreated with Larginine, IRI rats pretreated with both substances. Results: The pretreatment with LC and LG separately protected the liver cells against IRI damage with preservation of liver functions by significantly improving the oxidative stress and inflammatory states, increasing NO level, decreasing the expression of vascular adhesion molecules in liver tissue, and protecting the liver cells from the damage. It was obvious that LC effects were more significant on all the tested parameters except on the NO level where the LG effect was more significant. Moreover, the combined use of both LC and LG produced a highly significant improvement of all the tested parameters approaching near the control level than that observed by their separate use. Conclusion: The combined use of both LC and LG could effectively protect the liver cells from the harmful effects of IRI.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90512556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D3 and Alpha-Lipoic Acid alleviate chronic immobilization stress induced metabolic changes in adult male rats","authors":"Ienass Bahaa El-Dein, M. Ahmed, F. Mohamed, N. Soliman, Noha N Lasheen, D. Abou-Bakr","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.102328.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.102328.1112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74532194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy promotion and fibrosis inhibition by combination of GLP1 analogue and metformin decreasing the progression of type II diabetic cardiomyopathy of albino rats: Immunohistochemical study","authors":"M. Hendawy, Abdelsalam Ramy, Ibrahim Mohie","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.103465.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.103465.1113","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the most serious chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of GLP1 and metformin combination as oral antidiabetic drugs on diabetic cardiomyopathy through promotion of oxidative stress, improvement of autophagy of the cardiomyocytes and regression of cardiac fibrosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by feeding the rats high fat diet for 12 week then injecting streptozotocin (30mg/kg) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks. One group of diabetic rats received metformin (30mg/kg), another group of diabetic rats received GLP1 analogue; liraglutide (75 μg/kg) and the last group of diabetic rats received combination of both drugs. After 24 hours of the experiment, the cardiac tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin blocks to be examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for autophogic markers (LC3 and P62). Also homogenate of heart tissues was made to measure oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH) in the supernatant. Light microscope examination showed typical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic group with increase in fibrous tissue interstitially and around blood vessels, which markedly improved in diabetic rats which received combination of both drugs, also combination of both drugs showed significant increase in early and late markers autophagy LC3 and P62 respectively when compared with diabetic rats, finally synergetic effect of both drug markedly improved oxidative stress (MDA,GSH activity). So we think that our study is the first study that discuss the therapeutic effect of combination of GLP1 analogue and metformin on diabetic cardiomyopathy through the antioxidative stress, antifibrotic and autophagic improving","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75545602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of Platelet Rich Plasma in Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Autonomic Dysreflexia Induced by Spinal Cord Injury in Rats","authors":"Mohamed Hassan Elsayed, S. Khedr","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.91404.1110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.91404.1110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a high risk of cardiovascular complications during the acute phase following the trauma, affecting their prognosis and quality of life. These cardiovascular complications require prompt medical attention to avoid neurological compromisation, morbidity, and mortality. This work aims to provide an overview of the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on SCI and its cardiovascular hazardous sequelae. Methods: 26 adult female Wister rats were randomly allocated into three groups; shamoperated control group, a group that underwent compression of the spinal cord at the T4 level, with no further intervention (SCI group), and a treated group with PRP following spinal cord injury at T4 level on the site of injury (SCI-PRP group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), as well as core temperature, were recorded under basal conditions and in response to colorectal distension (CRD). Results: Under the basal condition, hypotension and hypothermia were observed during the initial 4 weeks post-injury while tachycardia was prominent all through the study starting from the 2 week onwards in the SCI rats compared to sham controls. Meanwhile, the study of cardiovascular sequelae of SCI in response to CRD revealed a marked elevation in the MAP, hyperthermia as well as bradycardia associated with ventricular/supraventricular ectopic rhythm in the SCI group which may be accounted for by autonomic dysreflexia (AD). PRP treatment ameliorated partially the cardiovascular complications under basal conditions and in response to CRD as well. Moreover, rats with SCI showed a significant increase in atherogenic index, body weight gain in addition to hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. This effect was blunted in the SCI-PRP group compared to the SCI group, though not normalized. Histopathological and electron microscopic (EM) examination revealed that the SCI-PRP group had more myelinated regenerating axons of the spinal cord (SC) than the injured group but fewer than the sham group. Conclusion: The application of PRP immediately to the site of SCI facilitated its regeneration, had a potential repairing effect, and prevented, at least partially, cardiovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85428532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition with etanercept on renal functions in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats: insights into the possible mechanisms","authors":"Mona A. Said, R. Ibrahim, M. Allam","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.93323.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.93323.1111","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies suggest the dominant role of the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the prognosis of hypertension and end stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of TNF-α inhibition on renal functions in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats and the potential underlying mechanisms. Four groups of rats were used in the study for 3 weeks period; normal control group, TNFα inhibitor (etanercept) group, L-NAME-induced hypertensive group and L-NAME + etanercept group. L-NAME group showed elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma urea, creatinine, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, kidney tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, TNFα and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with decreased creatinine clearance rate and renal antioxidants. Treatment with etanercept affords antihypertensive effect and ameliorates L-NAME induced renal impairment by improving renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and NADPH oxidase as well as by attenuating oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77063963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium Attenuates Cholestasis-Induced Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Alleviating Liver Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats","authors":"N. Nassef, Fatma M. Lebda, S. E. El Agaty, Marina Atef","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.90723.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.90723.1109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation are primarily implicated in the development and progression of liver injury during cholestasis. Selenium, a known essential antioxidant trace element, was found to provide a remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on various diseases. Aim: This study was planned to evaluate the possible protective effect of selenium supplementation in a rat model of chronic cholestasis. Design: Experimental study. Methods: This study was carried out on adult male rats allocated randomly into sham, 4 weeks bile duct ligated (BDL), and BDLselenium treated (BDL-Se) groups. Sodium selenite was given by gavage daily, in a dose of 100 μg/kg for 6 weeks, starting 2 weeks before the BDL. Results: BDL group presented a significant increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1), associated with a significant decrease in serum levels of total proteins (TP) compared to sham group . Selenium supplementation significantly lowered serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and liver levels of MDA, TNF-α, and TGF-β1, along with a significant increase in serum TP in BDL-Se group versus BDL rats. Histological analysis of liver showed a significant attenuation of the inflammatory score and a significant decrease in the percentage area of collagen deposition in BDL-Se group versus BDL rats. Conclusion: Selenium supplementation reduces liver injury and improves liver functions in experimental cholestasis probably by its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, which further alleviate the liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"370 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80453858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the Role of Vitamin D on Some Brain Degenerative Disorders in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Fatma Alzhraa Fayed, S. Elsawy, M. Shebl, Haidy Khattab","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.76942.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.76942.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D, a steroid hormone that plays an important role in bone and calcium metabolism, now is known it has different beneficial functions and actions on various tissues and cell types. There are evidences that vitamin D implies some functions in the central nervous system as a neurosteroid hormone. Aim: Study the role of vitamin D on aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced brain degeneration in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 50 adult male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups: Group I (Control group) received normal saline followed by corn oil. Group II (AlCl3 treated group) received AlCl3 followed by corn oil. Group III (VD3 treated group): subdivided into Group IIIa received VD3 followed by both AlCl3 and VD3. Group IIIb: received AlCl3 followed by VD3. Behavioral tests were done. Brain tissue acetylcholinesterase activity, malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase were assessed. Results: The results revealed that in AlCl3 treated group, there was a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase level and glutathione peroxidase and a significant increase in malondialdehyde compared to the control group and significant increase in acetylcholinesterase level and glutathione peroxidase, and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in VD3 treated group compared to AlCl3 treated group; there was also improvement in behavioral parameters inVD3 treated group compared to AlCl3 treated group. Conclusion: We concluded that either the protective or the therapeutic effect of vitamin D produced significant improvement in motor impairment, learning, and memory. Keywords","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89647375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, Wide Spread and Treatment Need","authors":"E. El-Shafey, E. Elsherbiny","doi":"10.21608/besps.2021.51022.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2021.51022.1086","url":null,"abstract":"Human coronavirus, hCoV-19, is highly pathogenic with severe pneumonia linked to rapid replication of the virus and worldwide spread. Originating in Wuhan China December 2019, the current COVID-19 epidemic has grown rapidly with individual-toperson infection expanding to become a pandemic-scale global health emergency. As a pandemic, COVID-19 has led many researchers from various areas of biomedicine to pursue approaches or therapies to handle the pandemic. COVID-2019 cure is in part based on the patient's own immune system. When the over-activated immune system kills the virus, a large number of inflammatory factors are produced which lead to severe cytokine storms. This appears that the key explanation for damage to these organs may be due to a cytokine storm caused by the virus. Current therapies available-including non-specific anti-viral, antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections and sepsis, and inflammatory corticosteroids-fail in serious disease where the hallmark is the COVID19-induced cytokine storm in the lung. Until now, however, no specific treatment has been found for this disease. Thus, there is a significant unmet need for safe and efficient care. Keywords","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80228332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}