Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Study of Genetic Variation in Podocin Gene Associated with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome","authors":"A. Hamid, O. A. Haie, S. Mohammed, N. M. Hamid","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease predominantly present in children with idiopathic condition; final stage of the disease progresses into end-stage renal disease. Generally, NS is treated using standard steroid therapy, however; most of the children are steroid sensitive and about 15–20% are non-responders (SRNS). In SRNS patients, the most common histopathological subtype is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Mutations in several genes including NPHS2 have been implicated in SRNS. Gene R229Q polymorphism (p.R229Q) of NPHS2 is associated with adolescentor adult-onset SRNS in European and South American populations. The present work aimed to study the effect of NPHS2 R229Q genetic variations on the susceptibility to idiopathic NS and the treatment response in NS children from Benha University Hospital. Methods: Mutation analysis was carried out by Taqman allele discrimination of the NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism (rs61747728) using specific primers and probes in 40 INS (20 MCD and 20 FSGS) children and 20 healthy controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of NPHS2 gene were calculated for both cases and controls. Results: The wild allele and the wild genotype frequencies of rs61747728 were 100% for both nephrotic syndrome and control children. The mutant allele could not be detected in the population included. Conclusion: Only the wild allele and genotype were present in the population of this study (both nephrotic syndrome and control subjects). Bull. of Egyp. Soc. Physiol. Sci. (Official Journal of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences) (pISSN: 1110-0842; eISSN: 2356-9514)","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87978660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Activation of GHSR1a on Hepatic Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.","authors":"M. Adel","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is associated with nonalcoholic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and liver cirrhosis with their increased complications. In the current study, ghrelin, the agonist of GHS-R 1a was investigated.Materials and Methods: thirty rats were randomly divided into: control negative, control positive (Diabetic) and acylated ghrelin + T2DM groups each has 10 rats. Serum glucose and insulin, and also, triglyceride to high density lipoproteins (TG: HDL) ratio of all rats were measured to confirm the development of T2DM. Measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers in liver homogenate were performed. Results: In the diabetic group that received ghrelin, tissue MDA levels were sig­nificantly lower than in the diabetic group.  Moreover, serum AST and ALT levels were higher in the diabetic group, but there was a significant decrease in the ghrelin-treated group. These results suggested that GHSR-1a can protect the liver of diabetic rats against the oxidative stress effects.  Conclusion: the antioxidant activity of ghrelin could attenuate diabetic-induced liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85434910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting β-catenin and cytochrome p450 (1B1) by Ellagic Acid in Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Implications for Treatment Applications","authors":"Omar S. El-Masry, Amany I. Youssef","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8161","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge is growing to address ellagic acid (EA) as a promising anti-cancer agent in colon, as well as, other types of human cancers. Up-regulation of β-catenin in colon cancer supports tumorigenic pathways in numerous aspects, which makes the need pressing to target this pathway. Likewise, cytochrome p450 (1B1) sustains carcinogenicity and tumor growth by either; activation of pro-carcinogens, or by inactivation of chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore overexpression of the enzyme has been reported in colon and other types of cancers. The effect of ellagic acid treatment on the level of total and phospho-β-catenin and cytochrome p450 (1B1) was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in CaCo-2 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The influence of ellagic acid on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression was assessed using the CCK-8 kit and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Results revealed that ellagic acid exhibited an anti-proliferative potential in both cell types, which was associated with increasing number of sub-G1 (apoptotic) cells and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in ellagic acid-treated cells. This was in harmony with the ability of the drug to increase β-catenin phosphorylation (hence its degradation) and reduce cytochrome 1B1 levels in CaCo-2 and HCT-116 cell lines. These results altogether indicate that different cellular genetics (Ras oncogene and p53 status, in particular) had no impact on the anti-tumor effects of ellagic acid in this model","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81785816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Erythropoietin on Metabolic and Contractile Functions of Soleus Muscle in Type I Diabetic Rats.","authors":"G. Shaker, Reem Emam, Refka Messiha, H. A. Abdel-Moneim","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8209","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus has been linked  with specific morphological and metabolic abnormalities  in  skeletal  muscle  in  a  fiber specific manner. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the development of erythrocytes through binding to a high affinity receptor expressed in erythroid progenitor cells.EPO receptor expression in non-hematopoietic tissue, including skeletal muscle progenitor cells, raises the possibility of a role for EPO beyond erythropoiesis.  So the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EPO on skeletal muscle changes as a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus in STZ- rat experimental model. Methods: 40 male Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 5 groups: control group , diabetic group (STZ-induced , 50 mg/kg I.P.), insulin treated diabetic ; (received 0.75 IU/ 100g body weight daily, S.C; for 4 weeks) , EPO treated diabetic; (received EPIAO® S.C , 200 I.U/Kg, 3 times weekly, day after day for 4 weeks),and insulin and EPO treated diabetic groups. At the end of the experiments, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid profile, contractile changes in soleus muscle and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in soleus muscle were evaluated. Results: All biochemical parameters were improved in the group treated with insulin or EPO with greater improvement in insulin treated group. The greatest improvement was in the group treated with combined insulin and EPO. Contractile function of soleus muscle in diabetic group showed significant decrease in muscle tension either before or after fatigue, significant decrease in time taken to reach complete fatigue, significant increase in time taken to reach peak and in time taken to relax to 50% when compared with normal group. All parameters were improved in insulin treated and EPO treated groups, with greater improvement in insulin treated group. The greatest improvement was in combined insulin and EPO treated group. The reduced GLUT 4 expression in diabetic soleus muscle was significantly increased in insulin treated group as compared to EPO treated group, however combined EPO and insulin treated group showed greater increase in GLUT4 expression. Conclusion: The present results showed that, EPO injection improved hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and   skeletal muscle changes observed in STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Therefore, EPO could be beneficial in managing diabetic disorders and the application of EPO in treatment of diabetes can be considered.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88671949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin D levels in Rheumatoid arthritis and Relationship with disease activity","authors":"A. Elamir, T. Ibrahim, N. Fouad, Mohamed Masoud","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8206","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was designed to measure the serum level of vitamin D in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to correlate it with disease activity. Method: 41 patients of Rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. Disease activity was evaluated by DAS-28 score. 25 (OH) vitamin D and CRP levels were measured using ELISA Kit. Results: 9 patients had high disease activity (DAS-28 score >5.1), 25 patients had moderate disease activity (DAS 28 score 3.2-5.1, group B) and 7 patients had low disease activity (DAS-28 score ≤ 3.2). Mean serum level of vitamin D of RA patients was significantly low compared to healthy controls (P<0.0001). There was statistically significant negative correlation between vitamin D and DAS-28 (r = -0.388, P = 0.031). Conclusion: Serum level of vitamin D of RA patients was significantly low compared to healthy controls and vitamin D had statistically significant negative correlation with disease activity in RA.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75248138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Cinnamon Zeylanicum, Berberis Vulgaris and Ulva Lactuca Extracts on Hepatocellular Toxicity Induced by Aspergillus Flavus Intake in Rats","authors":"N. Ismail, D. Ghareeb, E. Hafez, M. El-Saadani, M. Sayed, Tarek S. El Sewedy","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aflatoxin B1 produced by the fungus Asperagillus flavus causes great economic losses and poses health hazards to human and animals through its toxic biological effects on liver, kidney and lungs. The aim of this work was to study the potential protective effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Berberis vulgaris and Ulva lactuca extractson hepatocyte toxicity induced by A. flavus intakein rats. We also investigated the effect of A. flavus and the studied extracts on liver and kidney structure and function and the potential modulation of p53 and ICAM-1 gene expression as well as the liver antioxidant status. Our results showed a damaging effect of A. flavus intake on both liver and kidney as reflected by liver histopathological examination and the impaired liver and kidney functions measured by ALT, AST, Albumin, Urea, creatinine and glucose. Cinnamon and Berberis and Ulva pre-treatment kept these parameters to almost its normal levels compared to the induced unprotected animals. All tested extracts reduced the oxidative stress status and increased the antioxidant status by lowering TBARS and increasing NO levels significantly but had no significant effect on SOD activity. A.flavus intake causeda significant decline in both P53 and ICAM-1 gene expression; however, administration of Cinnamon or Berberis caused a significant increase in expression with Cinnamon causing the highest increase in p53 and Berberiscausing the highest increase in ICAM-1. In conclusion, we recommended the use of cinnamon Zeylanicum or Berberis vulgaris as protective natural antioxidants against hepatocellular aflatoxin induced toxicity.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79965050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin versus Alendronate in Treating Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Female Rats; Which is Better?","authors":"A. Mahmoud, H. A. Aziz","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: post menopausal period is a critical period for each female. How to minimize the complications of this period is a matter of major concern. Materials and Methods: 40 females' albino rates were included in this study; they were divided into four equal groups. G1: Sham ovariectomized group, G2: ovariectomized group receiving vehicle (Ve) 1mg/kg/day for 7 weeks intraperitoneal injection (Ip) after 7 weeks from ovariectomy. G3: ovariectomized group receiving alendronat 0.1mg/kg/day for 7 weeks (Ip) after 7 weeks from ovariectomy.G4: ovariectomized group receiving Oxytocin 0.1mg/kg/day for 7 weeks (Ip) after 7 weeks from ovariectomy. Serum level of (Alkaline phosphatase, Oxytocin) was determined, Body Mass Density (BMD) was measured by (DEXA), also a histological examination of the femur and tibia was done. Results: Marked increase in serum levels of ALP and marked decrease of serum Oxytocin in G2 compared to G1 associated with picture of osteoporosis. Marked decrease of serum ALP with improvement in osteoporotic picture in both G3 and G4.Conclusion: Treatment by either alendronat or oxytocin (G3 and G4) improves the osteoporotic condition with better improvement by Oxytocin.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85635049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective effect of Angiotensin (1-7) on myocardial infarction: Possible role of Nitric oxide and prostaglandins.","authors":"Zienab Abdullah, S. Helmy, Hanaa G. Elserougy, A. Abbas, Gehan A. Alwakeel","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8217","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to detect the possible cardioprotective effect of Ang-(1-7) in rat model of MI; Also, possible role of NO and PGs in this probable cardioprotective effect of Ang- (1-7) was studied. Methods: Rats were divided randomly into 6 groups (8 rats each): Group I : Control group:, Group II: rats received S.C isoprenaline at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day on two consecutive days with an interval of 24 hours between applications, Group III: rats received Ang (1-7) (576μg/kg/day) S.C for 6 days after induction of MI ,Group IV: in which rats received Ang (1-7) (576μg/kg/day)+ L-NAME in the drinking water (80 mg/l) for 6days after induction of MI ,Group V: in which rats received Ang (1-7) (576μg/kg/day) +Indomethacin 5 mg/kg/day IP for 6 days after induction of MI ,Group VI: in which rats received both Ang-(1-7)+ L- NAME and Indomethacinat dose mentioned previously. Biochemical, histopathologial , and ECG changes were studied \u0000Results: ISO –MI group exhibited a significant rise in serum cardiac enzymes and disturbed lipid profile, increased myocardial damage score and Caspase3 expression when it is compared to the normal group (p<0.001). ECG changes of rat revealed elevation ST segment, QT interval prolongation, decrease QRS duration and voltage, and accelerated heart rate. Ang-(1-7) caused significant improvement in the studied parameters ,while co-infusion of L-NAME and or indomethacin prevent this effect of Ang-(1-7) .Combined L-NAME and  indomethacin produce more deleterious effect than separate administration of them. Conclusion: Ang-(1-7) is considered one of the cardioprotective components of RAS .NO and PGs mediate the action of Ang-(1-7) and they may have an additive effect.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86780519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Short Term High Dietary Salt on Insulin sensitivity in the Peripheral Tissues.","authors":"A. Abdelsadik, M. Faisal","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8212","url":null,"abstract":"It has been noted that high salt intake is allied with the risk of renal failure and cardiovascular diseases. Effects of the salt intake on insulin sensitivity were extensively studied, but findings were changeable and somewhat contradictory. Collectively, the mechanism of salt has modulated insulin sensitivity still so far ambiguous. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of different sodium diets on insulin sensitivity, adipokines and free radicals in the adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. In this article, rat were distributed into three groups whether received normal sodium (0.45% NaCl, NS), Low sodium (0.02% NaCl, LS) or high sodium diet (8% NaCl, HS) for a period of two weeks. Results demonstrated a remarkable increase in the body weight and fat content of LS in comparison to HS group. Moreover, the LS treated group showed increased level of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin. Contrariwise HS diet increased adiponectin and reduced the leptin gene expression, as well, the level of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). There was no change in nitric oxide (NO) in the skeletal muscle among all groups, while ROS were increased only in the LS group. These data offered the HS intake as another modulator of insulin sensitivity in the insulin sensing tissues. HS regulate insulin sensitivity by modulation of ACE, adiponectin and appetite via reduction of leptin levels in the peripheral tissue.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74472785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Melatonin on the progression of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats","authors":"R. Mehanna, P. Hassaan, H. Nomeir, F. Dwedar","doi":"10.21608/BESPS.2018.8159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/BESPS.2018.8159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Melatonin (Mel) have gained a considerable amount of attention as antioxidants, their effect on the progression of DCM has not yet determined. Aim: To evaluate effects of ALA and Mel on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and the state of oxidative stress (OS) in DCM in rats. It also aims at correlating the pathogenesis of DCM to AMPK activity. Methods: 60 rats were divided into 6 groups (n=10); control (CG), C + ALAG, C + MelG, Diabetic (DG), D + ALAG and D + MelG. Diabetes was induced by 60mg/Kg streptozotocin. ALA and Mel were given in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day respectively for 12 weeks. The heart/body weight (Ht/BW) ratio, AMPK activity and oxidative state in cardiac tissue, serum cardiac enzymes (serum lactate dehydrogenase \"LDH\" and creatine kinase \"CK\"), lipid profile, fasting glucose level and histologic examination were assessed at the end of the study. Results: Ht/BW and OS increased in DG compared to CG, decreased subsequently by ALA and Mel treatment with no significant difference between both groups. LDH and CK were higher in DG as compared to CG. Cardiac AMPK activity was decreased in DCM and increased subsequently by ALA and Mel treatment. Normal cardiac architecture was restored by both of them. ALA and Mel showed a hypolipidemic effect while ALA had a hypoglycemic effect. Conclusions: ALA and Mel enhanced AMPK activity, and antioxidant activity in the heart thus decreased the progression of cardiac dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89502715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}