Forensic science international. Animals and environments最新文献

{"title":"Validation of a 60K SNP chip for caribou (Rangifer tarandus) for use in wildlife forensics, conservation, and management","authors":"Trottier-Lavoie Mallorie ,&nbsp;Prunier Julien ,&nbsp;Poisson William ,&nbsp;Carrier Alexandra ,&nbsp;Gilbert Isabelle ,&nbsp;Mastromonaco Gabriela ,&nbsp;Albert Vicky ,&nbsp;Cecilia Hernandez ,&nbsp;Bourret Vincent ,&nbsp;Taillon Joëlle ,&nbsp;Droit Arnaud ,&nbsp;Côté Steeve D. ,&nbsp;Robert Claude","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale genotyping platforms are currently being developed for several wild species. By querying thousands of polymorphic loci, genomics can be a useful ecological tool for describing and monitoring populations. Genomics is becoming increasingly useful as a forensic tool because of its ability to identify population of origin for purposes of enforcing anti-poaching laws. Our aim was to test the new SNP chip for caribou/reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>) (Illumina iSelect caribou 60 K) under recommended and non-optimal sample conditions. Impact on signal detection (call rate) and error rate were assessed using reference samples. The SNP chip was shown to be robust, highly sensitive, reliable, and accurate at more than 10-fold below the recommended DNA input. Biological source of DNA had minor impact, even with fecal pellets given sufficient amount of host DNA. Hybridization of non-<em>Rangifer</em> samples as well as samples bearing DNA from two <em>Rangifer</em> samples both showed a drop in call rate and shifted levels of heterozygosity. Based on a population-targeted subset of SNPs included in the chip design, reassignment of 981 samples to a functional group (here to a caribou ecotype) was highly accurate (99.59 %) and the relative probability of reassignment error was estimated using the logarithm of odds score. Overall, the SNP chip is suitable for analysis of caribou/reindeer genomes even with suboptimal sampling and hence useful for population management and forensics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A DNA profiling system for conservation management of Kamchatka brown bear (Ursus arctos piscator); population data and system performance from 16 autosomal STRs","authors":"Rune Andreassen ,&nbsp;Berit K. Hansen ,&nbsp;Liya Pokrovskaya ,&nbsp;Vladimir Zhakov ,&nbsp;Daniel Kling ,&nbsp;Cornelya F.C. Klütsch ,&nbsp;Ida Fløystad ,&nbsp;Hans G. Eiken ,&nbsp;Snorre B. Hagen","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the high density of brown bears (<em>Ursus arctos piscator</em>) on the Kamchatka peninsula their genetic variation has not been studied by STR analysis. Our aim was, therefore, to provide population data from the Kamchatka brown bear population applying a validated DNA profiling system. Twelve dinucleotide STRs commonly used in Western-European (WE) populations and four additional ones (G10C, G10J, G10O, G10X), were included. Template input ≥ 0.2 ng was successfully amplified. Measurements of precision, stutter and heterozygous balance showed that markers could be reliably genotyped applying the thresholds used for genotyping WE brown bears. However, locus G10X revealed an ancient allele-specific polymorphism that led to suboptimal amplification of all 174 bp alleles (Kamchatka and WE). Allele frequency estimates and forensic genetic parameters were obtained from 115 individuals successfully identified by genotyping 434 hair samples. All markers met the Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibrium expectations, and the power of discrimination ranged from 0.667 to 0.962. The total average probability of identity from the 15 STRs was 1.4 ×10⁻¹⁴ (F_ST = 0.05) while the total average probability of sibling identity was 6.0 ×10⁻⁶. Relationship tests revealed several parent-cub and full sibling pairs demonstrating that the marker set would be valuable for the study of family structures. The population data is the first of its kind from the Kamchatka brown bear population. Population pairwise F_ST`s revealed moderate genetic differentiation that mirrored the geographic distances to WE populations. The DNA profiling system, providing individual-specific profiles from non-invasive samples, will be useful for future monitoring and conservation purposes</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266693742400012X/pdfft?md5=65ddf80f375c2bc81825b0331acebaf9&pid=1-s2.0-S266693742400012X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of ITS barcode for the identification of CITES Malagasy Dalbergia (Fabaceae) species","authors":"Tahinarizaka Jenny Rakotonirina ,&nbsp;Erika Viljoen ,&nbsp;Jean Michel Leong Pock Tsy ,&nbsp;Tendro Radanielina","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The precious Malagasy rosewood species of the genus <em>Dalbergia</em> have been listed in Appendix II of CITES due to illegal logging and timber trade. Accurate identification and proper delimitation are of paramount importance for endangered species regulated by CITES. One of the most accurate methods of identifying precious woods is DNA barcoding which is a technique for rapid and accurate species identification based on a short DNA sequence or a few DNA regions. Recent studies have shown that the <em>ITS</em> barcode can identify Malagasy <em>Dalbergia</em> species, but the number of species has been limited. In this research study, a total of 136 nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nr<em>ITS</em>) DNA sequences representing 41 species of Malagasy <em>Dalbergia</em> were used to assess the effectiveness of the <em>ITS</em> barcode in species identification. Each sequence was evaluated by genetic distance and tree-based methods. Using clustering analyses, estimating genetic distances, and comparing sequences of 136 samples, we were able to distinguish species. The interspecific distance was greater than the intraspecific distance, but no barcoding gap was observed. It was found that <em>ITS</em> has a very high discriminatory power for Malagasy <em>Dalbergia</em> species using both NJ and TaxonDNA methods. Considering the \"Best Match\" and \"Best Close Match\" analyses, the discrimination powers of <em>ITS</em> were 98.54% and 93.40%, respectively. Our research indicates that the use of <em>ITS</em> as a barcode enables the identification of Malagasy <em>Dalbergia</em> species and contributes to completing the reference library for controlling the trade in precious woods. These results are essential to ensure effective enforcement of regulations and promote the long-term conservation of these species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266693742400009X/pdfft?md5=a1998603195e5301a9d9dfcf6d4a1025&pid=1-s2.0-S266693742400009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic Identification of Commercial Boswellia spp. Resins by Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Erin R. Price ,&nbsp;Kierra R. Cano ,&nbsp;Megahn H. Pinedo ,&nbsp;Pamela J. McClure ,&nbsp;Doina Voin ,&nbsp;Alan Forrest ,&nbsp;Robert A. Running ,&nbsp;Edgard O. Espinoza","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Historically, <em>Boswellia</em> resin, commonly known as frankincense, has been used for a variety of applications, including medicinal purposes and in religious ceremonies. These practices continued into the modern era, in which the trade of resin has increased dramatically. The genus <em>Boswellia</em> contains many species that are not currently protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), but research has found that some of these populations are predicted to decrease by 50 % in the next two decades due to overexploitation (Bongers et al., 2019). This highlights the need for a method that can identify <em>Boswellia</em> resins. In this research, resin from nine different species of <em>Boswellia</em> were collected and analyzed in positive ion mode by Direct Analysis in Real Time Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (DART TOFMS) by dissolving the resin in methanol to obtain a chemotype devoid of background noise. Chemometric analysis of the data indicated that positive ion spectra from the resins separated the species effectively, indicating that DART TOFMS can be used to identify resins in trade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000106/pdfft?md5=cbc08551e1e939e2cd39bafbf249eefa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic removal of Numts from Panthera tigris DNA samples","authors":"James Creecy ,&nbsp;Billi Coil ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Hickey","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forensic mitochondrial DNA analysis is a vital investigative tool for wildlife casework, but <em>numts</em> continue to complicate DNA analysis. A major goal of wildlife forensic DNA analysis is to identify non-human biological evidence to its taxonomic source. Species identification is accomplished by sequencing genetic markers on the mitochondrial genome and comparing evidentiary sequence data to published reference sequences. Due to the high level of sequence similarity between mitochondrial genes and <em>numts</em>, current sequencing methods result in co-amplification of the target gene marker and non-target <em>numt</em>. Co-amplification of target and non-target loci results in ambiguous nucleotide calls in sequence data. Reducing the influence of <em>numts</em> during sequence analysis will provide a technique that will maximize accuracy and minimize error in taxonomic identifications. To overcome the analytical burden of <em>numts</em>, we studied the enzymatic removal of <em>numts</em> using exonuclease V. To evaluate the feasibility of exonuclease V as a <em>numt</em> removal method, total <em>Panthera tigris</em> DNA was extracted from blood and liver and divided into three treatment groups: untreated, 1st digest, and 2nd digest. For the untreated sample, 7.6 % of the 620 bp sequence data was classified as ambiguous. Following treatment, all samples demonstrated a reduction in ambiguous calls: liver-1st digest (48 h): 6.6 %, liver-2nd digest (48 h + 16 h): 1.8 %, and blood-1st digest (48 h): 0 %. Based on this preliminary study, exonuclease V treatment effectively removed <em>numts</em> before sequencing analysis. While exonuclease V treatment has demonstrated potential, additional studies are required to optimize the reaction and fully validate the methodology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000088/pdfft?md5=54876bd103e26085c6d754d28cfdb303&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of legal veterinary medicine: Main toxic agents versus real cases of intentional intoxication in domestic animals analyzed in criminal expertize in central Brazil","authors":"Daniel Santos Araújo ,&nbsp;Adriana da Silva Santos ,&nbsp;Raimundo Alberto Tostes ,&nbsp;Marina Pacheco Miguel ,&nbsp;Liliana Borges Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Situations involving crimes against animals are receiving increased social attention, resulting in a high demand for complaints and the initiation of police investigations. Overall, the quality of investigations and the production of material evidence in alleged crimes against fauna is crucial. For this, there is a need for trained professionals to implement protocols and tools based on animal welfare science and Legal Veterinary Medicine (LVM). In the routine and history of Veterinary Medicine, cases of suspected intoxication in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, are common. In Brazil, the act of intoxicating animals is considered a crime of mistreatment under the Environmental Crimes Law (Article 32, n. 9.605 of February 12, 1998). Therefore, it is necessary to examine the cadaver to confirm this suspicion. In this way, Legal Veterinary Medicine is a recent specialty in Brazil, created by the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine's resolution in 2003. In this area, the evaluation of clinical signs, characteristic anatomopathological lesions, and toxicological analysis for identification of the toxic agents allow confirmation of suspected cases. Thus, the objective of this review is to address the application of scientific knowledge to Forensic Veterinary Medicine in confirming cases of animal poisoning and to list the main toxic substances found in animal poisoning cases identified through forensic examinations in the central region of Brazil. Additionally, it is intended to demonstrate that expertize in this area ensures the production of material evidence used in judicial criminal proceedings to defend animal welfare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000076/pdfft?md5=f262d3b7691667b46bd3b395e096ebec&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000076-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species and origin determinations of an ivory chess set: An application of the ivory workflow implemented by California’s Wildlife Forensic Laboratory","authors":"Kelly L. Carrothers ,&nbsp;Nicole M. Slattengren ,&nbsp;Mary K. Kuhner ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Brown ,&nbsp;Ashley M. Spicer","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the prevalence of elephant poaching and ivory trafficking, domestic and international ivory markets around the world are slowly closing due to increased education and enforcement efforts. This includes California’s ivory market in 2016 after the passage of Assembly Bill 96 (AB 96), which prohibits the purchase, sale, offer for sale, possession, or importation with intent to sell, of ivory from elephant, mammoth, and mastodon along with other non-proboscidean species. To assist with enforcement efforts, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s Wildlife Forensic Laboratory (CDFW-WFL) has created and implemented a scientific workflow to taxonomically identify, geographically assign, and age California’s seized ivory. Here we discuss the application of this scientific workflow to a 32-piece ivory chess set, which was purchased in 1969 and donated to and examined by the WFL in 2021. Genetic data revealed 11 unique haplotypes and 19 unique genotypes, suggesting a diverse set of African elephants from numerous locations in Africa were used to assemble the chess set. Stable isotope data corroborated these findings and radiocarbon dating suggested the ivory used to carve these chess pieces grew approximately 6 years prior to the chess set being purchased. Our results indicate that the use of a variety of scientific techniques provides a wide scope of information; furthermore, taxonomically identifying, geographically assigning, and aging the ivory chess set demonstrates to law enforcement officers how our ivory workflow can assist them in coordinating efforts locally, nationally, and internationally to help stop the illegal importation of ivory into California.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000064/pdfft?md5=3ab28d1a54c33150cdcb1b89008a8524&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000064-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140540141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of forensic ecology applied for marine megafauna conservation","authors":"Hernani Gomes da Cunha Ramos ,&nbsp;Adriana Castaldo Colosio ,&nbsp;Milton César Calzavara Marcondes ,&nbsp;Anders Jensen Schmidt ,&nbsp;Renato David Ghisolfi ,&nbsp;Brittany Ederer Michalski ,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Júlio Ernesto Baumgarten† ,&nbsp;Ricardo Siqueira Bovendorp","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ocean currents, driven by gravity, wind, and water density, disperse marine biota worldwide, often leading species to shorelines alive or as carcasses. These carcasses provide vital information about species' health conditions and threats within their habitats. Marine animal strandings thus offer crucial insights into the ecological implications of population mortality. This research is instrumental for conservation efforts and identifying trends and threats. Scientists use human and animal forensics approaches to trace the origins of beached bodies. The capability to backtrack carcass drift and estimate death sites helps evaluate anthropogenic impacts. This information also forms the basis for legal applications and gives ecological indicators for marine megafauna conservation. Using backtracking in forensic ecology for conservation research presents expansive investigative opportunities. This paper offers a comprehensive review of: 1) Physical and environmental processes; 2) Drift applications; 3) Marine megafauna examples; 4) Forensic principles; 5) Postmortem intervals; 6) Marine megafauna backtracking. We further discuss these findings' potential conservation applications for endangered species. Our review aims to enhance understanding of coastal animal distribution, estimate mortality rates from strandings, explore seasonal variations for beach monitoring programs, and investigate anthropogenic impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000052/pdfft?md5=104e877dc3428c45a9f270e9ec671e30&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint detection of microsatellites and flanking sequences – SNPSTR markers for Athene noctua to fight illegal wildlife trade","authors":"Annika Mozer ,&nbsp;Albia Consul ,&nbsp;Bernhard Misof ,&nbsp;Richard Jäger ,&nbsp;Klaus Olek ,&nbsp;Jonas J. Astrin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trade of wild-caught animals is illegal for many taxa and in many countries. Common regulatory procedures involve documentation and marking techniques. However, these procedures are subject to fraud and thus should be complemented by routine genetic testing in order to authenticate the captive-bred origin of animals intended for trade. A suitable class of genetic markers are SNPSTRs that combine a short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within one amplicon. This combined marker type can be used for genetic identification and for parentage analyses and in addition, provides insight into haplotype history. As a proof of principle, this study establishes a set of 20 SNPSTR markers for <em>Athene noctua,</em> one of the most trafficked owls in CITES Appendix II. These markers can be coamplified in a single multiplex reaction. Based on population data, the percentage of observed and expected heterozygosities of the markers ranged from 0.400 to 1.000 and 0.545 to 0.850, respectively. A combined probability of identity of 5.3 * 10⁻²³ was achieved with the whole set, and combined parentage exclusion probabilities reached over 99.99%, even if the genotype of one parent was missing. A direct comparison of an owl family and an unrelated owl demonstrated the applicability of the SNPSTR set in parentage testing. The established SNPSTR set thus proved to be highly useful for identifying individuals and analysing parentage to determine wild or captive origin. We propose to implement SNPSTR-based routine certification in wildlife trade as a way to reveal animal laundering and misdeclaration of wild-caught animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000040/pdfft?md5=f5e71796c020b02ebefe49f608e6e29a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139719067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Identification of harp seal and other select marine mammals","authors":"Megahn H. Pinedo ,&nbsp;Deborah A. Duffield ,&nbsp;Dalin N. D’Alessandro ,&nbsp;Erin R. Price ,&nbsp;Edgard O. Espinoza","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiae.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because of the rich omega-3 fatty acids content, harp seal (<em>Pagophilus groenlandicus</em>) oil is a popular supplement that is packaged as pills in Canada and sold for medicinal purposes, although this practice is banned in the United States. Due to US regulations, it is important to be able to distinguish between fish oil and seal oil, but the taxonomic determination of oils provenance has been a difficult problem to solve. In this study, Direct Analysis in Real Time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART TOFMS) was used to analyze the chemotypes of blubber samples collected from seven species of marine mammals, including seals, sea lions, and a porpoise. Results indicated that the chemotype profiles found in negative-ion mode could be used to separate all of the species using Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC). Consequently, this study suggests that it may be possible to identify the taxonomic source of marine mammal oils based on chemical chemotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93435,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international. Animals and environments","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666937424000039/pdfft?md5=deb78033aaec2b05b0552bde8df65d10&pid=1-s2.0-S2666937424000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}