Forces in mechanics最新文献_第3页

Investigation on crack initiation life of helical gears in wind turbine gearbox based on temperature field 基于温度场的风电齿轮箱斜齿轮起裂寿命研究

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100342

Yong Yue , Xin Jin , Meilin Jiang , An Wu

{"title":"Investigation on crack initiation life of helical gears in wind turbine gearbox based on temperature field","authors":"Yong Yue , Xin Jin , Meilin Jiang , An Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gearboxes are critical mechanical components commonly used for wind turbines. This study develops a damage-coupled model to predict the crack initiation life of wind turbine gears, explicitly incorporating the effects of temperature fields and residual stress. The findings reveal distinct failure mechanisms across the gear tooth. At the tooth root, life is governed by tensile bending stress, with the critical location shifting along the normalized profile under the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) criterion, while its minimum <strong>value</strong> remains largely unaffected. For the meshed tooth flanks, the region near a normalized profile of 0.28 is most prone to cracking. The temperature field significantly alters the life distribution, severely reducing the minimum life by over 45% near the pitch circle while causing a slight improvement at the gear ends. Furthermore, a critical subsurface life minimum at 0.4-0.6 mm depth is identified at the pitch circle. Although thermal loads reduce the minimum life at the root and pitch circle by over 42.89% and 24.91%, respectively, they do not alter the fundamental life distribution trends, which are primarily mechanical-stress-driven. The residual compressive stress extends the crack initiation life, while the residual tensile stress shortens it, with minimal impact on the distribution profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simplified numerical modeling with experimental validation of molten pool geometry in laser welding 激光焊接熔池几何形状的简化数值模拟与实验验证

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100333

Mahdi Ghamari , Pouria Oliazadeh , Mohammad Hossein Farshidianfar

{"title":"Simplified numerical modeling with experimental validation of molten pool geometry in laser welding","authors":"Mahdi Ghamari , Pouria Oliazadeh , Mohammad Hossein Farshidianfar","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser welding is widely adopted for its high speed, precision, and automation capabilities, delivering superior microstructural properties in material joining. However, suboptimal welding parameters can cause defects, necessitating accurate and computationally efficient simulation models. This study introduces a novel simplified numerical model for laser welding that optimizes the prediction of molten pool geometry while minimizing computational cost. By integrating a phase-change model with a calibrated Gaussian heat source, the approach balances accuracy and efficiency, addressing the limitations of complex fluid dynamics models and oversimplified temperature-based simulations. The model was validated against seven experimental cases involving Ti6Al4V and stainless steel 316 L, achieving zero error in melt pool depth prediction and maximum errors in top and bottom widths of <0.2 mm. This computationally efficient model enables rapid parameter optimization, making it ideal for large-scale industrial applications, including residual stress and distortion analysis. By offering a practical alternative to high-cost simulations, this work advances laser welding simulation for precision manufacturing and supports broader adoption in industries such as automotive and railway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A general mechanical formulation of two-dimensional bristle friction models with a focus on the LuGre model and its dynamics 一个二维猪鬃摩擦模型的一般力学公式，重点是LuGre模型及其动力学

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100340

Kai Pfitzer , Lucas Rath , Sebastian Kolmeder , Burkhard Corves , Günther Prokop

{"title":"A general mechanical formulation of two-dimensional bristle friction models with a focus on the LuGre model and its dynamics","authors":"Kai Pfitzer , Lucas Rath , Sebastian Kolmeder , Burkhard Corves , Günther Prokop","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction is an important phenomenon in the modeling of mechanical systems. To represent the dynamic properties of friction, bristle models such as the LuGre model are used mostly in the one-dimensional case. Since friction is a nonlinear phenomenon and the respective frictional degrees of freedom influence each other, independent modeling in the spatial dimensions is physically inadmissible. The two-dimensional description of friction in bristle models proves to be complex and has already been considered in some works, but without intuitive illustration and interpretation. In this paper, an intuitive derivation of the general bristle friction model is presented, summarizing validated existing model derivations. In addition, a geometric interpretation is given using a proposed mechanical equivalence model. Subsequently, all model parameters are discussed, which highlights the potential for extensions and the benefits of flexible parametrization. Based on the general form of the bristle friction model, the special case of the two-dimensional LuGre model is derived. Furthermore, the derived two-dimensional LuGre model is applied in a simple, two-dimensional friction system and the static and dynamic properties are visualized and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Free vibration analysis of rectangular plates with variable thickness using a meshless method 用无网格法分析变厚度矩形板的自由振动

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100328

Reza Pilafkan , Peter D. Folkow

{"title":"Free vibration analysis of rectangular plates with variable thickness using a meshless method","authors":"Reza Pilafkan , Peter D. Folkow","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive study on the free vibration analysis of rectangular plates with variable thickness, utilizing three-dimensional elasticity theory and a meshless method. Traditional plate theories, such as classical and shear deformation theories, often fail to provide accurate results for thick plates or those with complex geometries. To overcome these limitations, the study adopts the three-dimensional elasticity approach, which considers the full material behavior and the entire plate structure. The meshless method, specifically the Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM) with multi-quadrics radial basis functions, is employed to solve the vibration problem. This method offers advantages over traditional finite element methods by using scattered nodes and higher-order shape functions, thus eliminating issues related to meshing and re-meshing. The plates’ thickness is assumed to vary linearly and nonlinearly in one or both directions in the plate plane, and the study investigates the impact of different thickness ratios, aspect ratios, and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies of the plate. The results show that the meshless method provides a high degree of accuracy and fast convergence for both thin and thick plates with variable thickness, making it a reliable and efficient tool for free vibration analysis. This work thus contributes with valuable insights to the dynamic behavior of variable-thickness plates, with applications in many engineering fields where weight reduction and structural performance are critical. The work also provides eigenfrequency results on several plate structures with varying thickness, which may serve as a reference using 3D theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elastic-damage characterization of fibre-bundle lamina of CFRP composite through 3D digital image correlation and finite element method 基于三维数字图像相关和有限元法的CFRP复合材料纤维束层弹性损伤表征

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100337

S․ S. R․ Koloor , A. Farokhi Nejad , N. Yidris , S.M. Sapuan , M.R. Abdullah , M.N. Tamin

{"title":"Elastic-damage characterization of fibre-bundle lamina of CFRP composite through 3D digital image correlation and finite element method","authors":"S․ S. R․ Koloor , A. Farokhi Nejad , N. Yidris , S.M. Sapuan , M.R. Abdullah , M.N. Tamin","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibers’ exceptional mechanical properties make them the major load-bearing component of CFRP composites, which are rapidly being used in modern aerospace applications. Design of multi-directionally (MD) laminated composite structures for specific operational load requires the exact determination and force analysis of 0°-laminas and their arrangement in the lamina assembly process. The significant property variation between carbon fibers and matrix components indicates that the mechanical behavior of the 0°-laminas is attributed largely to the fiber-bundle at the mesoscale. The elastic properties of fiber have been obtained through standard tests, however, many challenges are encountered in the characterization of fiber damage and fracture processes. In this research, a new experiment is introduced where tensile tests are performed on single edge-notch 0°-CFRP composite monitored by 3D digital image correlation (DIC), to demonstrate the mechanism of deformation and failure and determine the exact elastic-damage properties. A hybrid experimental-computational approach is developed where finite element models representing the experiment, are used to obtain and validate the damage evolution characteristics of fibers in CFRP lamina. In addition, test and simulation results are utilized to describe the mechanism and mechanics of deformation and damage of the composite structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling behaviours and damage mechanisms of 3D braided composites subjected to longitudinal and transverse tensile at room and elevated temperatures 室温和高温下纵向和横向拉伸三维编织复合材料的非线性热-力耦合行为和损伤机制

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100336

Dong Li, Jun-Jiang Xiong

{"title":"Nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling behaviours and damage mechanisms of 3D braided composites subjected to longitudinal and transverse tensile at room and elevated temperatures","authors":"Dong Li, Jun-Jiang Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines thermo-mechanical coupling behaviours and damage mechanisms of 3D4D (three-dimensional four-directional) braided composites subjected to longitudinal and transverse tensile at room and elevated temperatures. New nonlinear constitution model of 3D braided composites is derived in consideration of thermo-mechanical coupling effect, non-linear shear constitutive relationship of fibre yarn and elastoplastic deformation characteristics of matrix, and novel mixed criterion is then presented based on von-Mises rule, 3D Hashin criterion, B-K energy and quads damage model. After this, an improved progressive damage algorithm is devised for modelling progressive thermo-mechanical coupling damage process of 3D braided composites. Quasi-static longitudinal and transverse tensile tests are respectively performed on 3D4D braided composites at RT (room temperature) and 85 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>, and nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling behaviours are analyzed and discussed from experiment results. In order to verify the model and algorithm mentioned previously, a high-fidelity full-scale mesoscale finite element (HFFSMFE) model is generated and integrated with improved algorithm for modelling progressive damage process of 3D4D braided composites subjected to longitudinal and transverse tensile at both temperatures, and numerical predictions agree well with experimental findings, demonstrating the apt and effective usage of new model proposed in the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tensegrity metamaterial-based shear band structure for non-pneumatic tires 非充气轮胎用张拉整体超材料剪切带结构

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100341

Yuling Wei , Fei Pan , Jintao Du , Jinwu Xiang , Yuli Chen

{"title":"Tensegrity metamaterial-based shear band structure for non-pneumatic tires","authors":"Yuling Wei , Fei Pan , Jintao Du , Jinwu Xiang , Yuli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-pneumatic tires (NPTs) represent a revolutionary advancement in the tire industry, owing to their puncture-proof nature and high design flexibility. To achieve both high load-bearing capability and low, evenly distributed ground pressure, the shear band structure of NPTs must balance high compressive stiffness with shear flexibility. To address this challenge, this work proposes a novel shear band structure based on tensegrity metamaterials. By adjusting the stiffness of two types of springs, the proposed shear band enables independent control of its compressive and shear stiffness. The shear band is subsequently integrated with various types of spokes, and the effects of multiple design parameters on the tire’s load-bearing capacity, peak material stress, and contact pressure are systematically analyzed. To achieve performance customization, a Bayesian optimization framework is developed to autonomously explore parameter sets that satisfy performance requirements while minimizing stress and contact pressure. Finally, the feasibility of the tensegrity metamaterial-based shear band design is validated through its successful integration into a four-wheel-drive vehicle model. The proposed shear band offers a new approach for the customized performance and practical application of NPTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Axially crashworthy performance of thin-walled tubes with various configurations under the same scale 相同尺度下不同结构薄壁管的轴向耐撞性能

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100334

Qingliang Zeng , Zhaoji Li , Peng Liu , Naihao Gong , Lirong Wan

{"title":"Axially crashworthy performance of thin-walled tubes with various configurations under the same scale","authors":"Qingliang Zeng , Zhaoji Li , Peng Liu , Naihao Gong , Lirong Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin-walled tubes with various design strategies as energy absorbers have been widely proposed and applied in the engineering fields. However, the comparison of the crashworthy performance of tubes with various cross-sectional topologies under axial compression remains scarce. In this paper, twelve types of thin-walled tubes (e.g., single-celled, bi-tubular and hierarchical square, hexagonal and circular tubes), which have the identical material, height, apparent area and mass, have been fairly compared. Validation is accomplished through axial quasi-static crushing tests, ensuring the accuracy of the finite element models. The crushing behaviors of all tubes studied are investigated using six crashworthiness indicators. The results show that thin-walled tubes with hierarchical features primarily deform in the preferrable stable deformation mode, with more lobes and higher energy dissipation. Then, hierarchical features can reduce the fluctuations and enhance the load-carrying capacity. In addition, the mean crushing force (<em>MCF</em>) and specific energy absorption (<em>SEA</em>) of bi-tubular tubes also do not increase significantly compared with single-celled tubes. Specifically, the increases in <em>SEA</em> from square tubes to circular tubes for single-celled, bi-tubular and edge-based hierarchical are 65.4 %, 75.0 % and 49.6 %, respectively. Furthermore, all tubes studied are comprehensively evaluated by applying the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Considering the effect of dimension, four non-dimensional indicators are selected, namely <em>ESR, EEA, CFE</em> and <em>ULC</em>. EH_C has the best overall performance among all the tubes studied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of stress state on the fracture behavior of Al6061-T6 via combined experimental and numerical approaches 试验与数值结合研究应力状态对Al6061-T6断裂行为的影响

IF 3.5

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100332

Mohsen Mansouri, Mehdi Ganjiani

{"title":"Effect of stress state on the fracture behavior of Al6061-T6 via combined experimental and numerical approaches","authors":"Mohsen Mansouri, Mehdi Ganjiani","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation into the influence of stress triaxiality, Lode angle parameter, and ductile fracture behavior in Al 6061-T6 aluminum alloy. To explore negative stress triaxiality conditions, uniaxial tensile and compressive tests were conducted on geometrically tailored specimens, including dumbbell-shaped and rectangular samples with elliptical curved holes. Negative triaxiality values ranging from –0.355 to –0.554 were successfully achieved. A hybrid experimental–numerical approach was adopted to characterize the fracture behavior. In the numerical approach, the Ganjiani fracture model incorporating damage parameters, was implemented in finite element simulations using Abaqus via custom VUHARD and VUSDFLD subroutines. Comparative analysis of experimental and numerical results revealed good agreement in fracture strain predictions. Numerical evaluations indicated that the fracture occurs at the site where maximum plastic strain is observed. The results confirm that stress triaxiality significantly influences ductile fracture, and notably, the variation in fracture strain exhibits different trends under positive and negative triaxiality conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bending deformation of polyethylene solid 聚乙烯固体的弯曲变形

IF 3.2

Forces in mechanics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100324

Koh-hei Nitta, Sakina Tatsuta

引用次数: 0