Collabra最新文献_第2页

Mental Number Representations Are Spatially Mapped Both by Their Magnitudes and Ordinal Positions 心数表征是由它们的大小和序数位置在空间上映射的

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.67908

Nadine N. Koch, Julia F. Huber, Johannes Lohmann, Krzysztof Cipora, Martin V. Butz, Hans-Christoph Nuerk

{"title":"Mental Number Representations Are Spatially Mapped Both by Their Magnitudes and Ordinal Positions","authors":"Nadine N. Koch, Julia F. Huber, Johannes Lohmann, Krzysztof Cipora, Martin V. Butz, Hans-Christoph Nuerk","doi":"10.1525/collabra.67908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.67908","url":null,"abstract":"The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect – i.e., faster responses to small numbers with the left compared to the right side and to large numbers with the right compared to the left side – suggests that numbers are associated with space. However, it remains unclear whether the SNARC effect evolves from a number’s magnitude or the ordinal position of a number in working memory. One problem is that, in different paradigms, the task demands influence the role of ordinality and magnitude. While single-task setups in which participants judge the parity of a displayed number indicate the importance of magnitude for the SNARC effect, evidence for ordinal influences usually comes from experiments where ordinal sequences have to be memorized or setups in which participants possess pre-existing knowledge of the ordinality of stimuli. Therefore, in this preregistered study, we employed a SNARC task without secondary ordinal sequence memorization. We dissociate ordinal and magnitude accounts by carefully manipulating experimental stimulus sets. The results indicate that even though the magnitude model better accounts for the observed data, the ordinal position seems to matter as well. Hence, numbers are associated with space in both a magnitude- and an order-respective manner, yielding a mixture of both compatibility effects. Moreover, a multiple coding framework may most accurately explain the roots of the SNARC effect.","PeriodicalId":93422,"journal":{"name":"Collabra","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136298133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Individual Difference Correlates of Being Sexually Unrestricted Yet Declining an HIV Test 性行为不受限制但拒绝艾滋病毒检测的个体差异

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.87458

Nicholas S. Holtzman, Stephen W. Carden, Stacy W. Smallwood, Janice N. Steirn, S. Mason Garrison, Amanda N. Gesselman

{"title":"Individual Difference Correlates of Being Sexually Unrestricted Yet Declining an HIV Test","authors":"Nicholas S. Holtzman, Stephen W. Carden, Stacy W. Smallwood, Janice N. Steirn, S. Mason Garrison, Amanda N. Gesselman","doi":"10.1525/collabra.87458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.87458","url":null,"abstract":"Which individual differences accurately predict one’s decision to get tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and do individuals who have regular short-term sex get tested at higher rates? Two studies—one lab study (total valid N = 69, with n = 20 who were tested) and one involving a student health center (valid N = 250, n = 4 who were tested)—involved participants (total valid N = 319, with n = 24 who got tested) taking a number of personality and individual difference measures, including the dark triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Then, in both studies, participants had the opportunity to actually get tested for HIV. After analyzing data from Study 1, for Study 2 we preregistered the prediction that narcissistic participants would tend to (a) show disinclination to get tested for HIV, and (b) show proclivity for unrestricted short-term sexual behavior, manifesting in (c) a significant difference between these two correlations. As predicted, such a difference in correlations was evident for narcissism as well as psychopathy (the latter, however, was not predicted), suggesting that such individuals are not likely to seek HIV diagnostic information, but are taking more sexual risks. A research synthesis was consistent with these ideas (although controlling for demographic factors diminished the effects). Narcissistic and psychopathic individuals may be undetected hubs in the network of sexually active individuals with HIV. These results are silent on whether the typical HIV patient is narcissistic or psychopathic; the results merely implicate narcissistic and psychopathic traits in the spread of the virus.","PeriodicalId":93422,"journal":{"name":"Collabra","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135403415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Brief Note on the Standard Error of the Pearson Correlation 关于皮尔逊相关标准误差的简要说明

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.87615

Timo Gnambs

引用次数: 3

COVID-19 and the Perceived Dangerousness of Everyday Objects: A Behavioural Online Study in Italy and Germany COVID-19和日常物品的感知危险:意大利和德国的一项行为在线研究

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.89171

Claudia Gianelli, Katharina Kühne, Alex Miklashevsky, Melinda Jeglinski-Mende, Nicola Canessa, Anna M. Borghi

{"title":"COVID-19 and the Perceived Dangerousness of Everyday Objects: A Behavioural Online Study in Italy and Germany","authors":"Claudia Gianelli, Katharina Kühne, Alex Miklashevsky, Melinda Jeglinski-Mende, Nicola Canessa, Anna M. Borghi","doi":"10.1525/collabra.89171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.89171","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of COVID-19 and efforts to contain it have likely impacted our daily lives, including how we interact with objects. This online study aimed to develop and test a task to measure how different contexts affect our perception of objects, particularly those that were regarded as potentially dangerous. Two pre-registered experiments conducted in Italy and Germany showed how linguistically processed affordances (e.g., nouns) referring to objects perceived as dangerous (such as a door handle during the pandemic) were processed differently than those referring to neutral objects (like a toothbrush) in a sensibility judgement task. This effect was observed across different contexts and in both experiments. Further research is needed to determine if this effect is similar to the processing of negative words, and if it differs between objects with immanent negative properties (like a broken glass or a fire) versus those with potentially negative properties that only emerge in certain contexts. Replications of the study may clarify if the effect was temporary or produced more permanent changes in behaviour.","PeriodicalId":93422,"journal":{"name":"Collabra","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135561899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.87546

Jens Mazei, Nils Backhaus, Anne Marit Wöhrmann, Corinna Brauner-Sommer, Joachim Hüffmeier

{"title":"Similar, but Different: Gender Differences in Working Time Arrangements and the Work–Life Interface","authors":"Jens Mazei, Nils Backhaus, Anne Marit Wöhrmann, Corinna Brauner-Sommer, Joachim Hüffmeier","doi":"10.1525/collabra.87546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.87546","url":null,"abstract":"Gender inequities can be partly traced back to gender differences in working time arrangements. In fact, it is established knowledge that women as compared to men are more (less) likely to work part-time (overtime). Based on social role theory, however, we also expect gender differences among part-time and overtime workers, such that women and men differ in why they work part-time or overtime. In a preregistered and highly powered study conducted in Germany (N = 3,844–17,361, depending on the analysis), we observed that, on average, women were more likely than men to work part-time (i.e., fewer than 35 hours per week) because of personal or family obligations. Moreover, in comparison to men, women were less likely to work overtime (i.e., at least two hours per week) to attain additional income, but more likely to work overtime to step in for colleagues. Altogether, people had “gendered” reasons to work certain hours. Furthermore, as people’s paid working time arrangements are intertwined with their lives outside of the workplace, we examined women’s and men’s work–life interface and observed that women (as compared to men) deemed it less acceptable to be available for work-related issues during leisure time. We discuss implications for future theorizing and for practitioners who aim to design work schedules that consider the different lived experiences of women and men.","PeriodicalId":93422,"journal":{"name":"Collabra","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135700978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dynamics of Self-Control Conflicts in Daily Life in Predicting Self-Control Success and Perceived Self-Regulatory Effectiveness 日常生活中自我控制冲突的动态预测自我控制成功和感知自我调节效能

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.88158

Emily M. Britton, Kristin Laurin, Igor Grossmann, Anna Dorfman, Harrison Oakes, Abigail A. Scholer

{"title":"The Dynamics of Self-Control Conflicts in Daily Life in Predicting Self-Control Success and Perceived Self-Regulatory Effectiveness","authors":"Emily M. Britton, Kristin Laurin, Igor Grossmann, Anna Dorfman, Harrison Oakes, Abigail A. Scholer","doi":"10.1525/collabra.88158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.88158","url":null,"abstract":"People often face conflicts where they must choose between their long-term goals and tempting alternatives. Using an open-ended daily diary design, we investigated the characteristics of self-control conflicts in daily life, both replicating and extending past work. Specifically, we examined the factors that affected self-control conflict success, as well as how the nature and resolution of the conflict affected general perceptions of self-regulatory effectiveness. Self-control conflicts varied considerably within-persons including the domain of the conflict, the use of strategies, and whether they were successfully resolved. There was also variability in people’s subjective perceptions of how pulled they felt towards the temptation and the opposing goal, as well as how difficult and important the overall decision was. Furthermore, these factors predicted whether a conflict was resolved successfully (i.e., in favor of the goal), with pull towards the temptation emerging as the strongest predictor. People were also more successful in resolving self-control conflicts when they reported using any type of self-regulatory strategy; no specific strategy emerged as most effective. On days when participants successfully resolved conflicts, they also felt more confident in their general ability to self-regulate. Overall, our findings largely conceptually replicate past work using an open-ended diary format, and suggest that factors influencing self-control conflict resolution are also linked to general feelings of self-regulatory effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":93422,"journal":{"name":"Collabra","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Association Between Smokers’ Approach Bias and Heaviness of Use: A Focus on Light Smokers 吸烟者方法偏差与烟瘾的关系:以轻度吸烟者为研究对象

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.88926

Marine Rougier, Dominique Muller, Annique Smeding, Reinout W. Wiers, Lison Neyroud

{"title":"The Association Between Smokers’ Approach Bias and Heaviness of Use: A Focus on Light Smokers","authors":"Marine Rougier, Dominique Muller, Annique Smeding, Reinout W. Wiers, Lison Neyroud","doi":"10.1525/collabra.88926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.88926","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between heaviness of use and the approach bias (i.e., stronger approach than avoidance tendencies) toward tobacco remains ambiguous at both theoretical and empirical levels. Indeed, some models of addition would formulate opposite predictions (i.e., positive vs. negative relationship) and, as it turns out, current evidence is mixed. In three studies, we investigated this relationship among smokers (relying on a continuous measure of heaviness) and compared approach/avoidance tendencies of light smokers and non-smokers (relying on group comparison). To measure approach/avoidance tendencies, we used the Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST) that visually simulates whole body movements. This task was used as irrelevant-feature version (i.e., instructions about another dimension). Heaviness of use was assessed continuously with daily cigarette use. Data were analyzed in two Integrative Data Analyses (IDAs; a kind of meta-analysis considering jointly the raw data of the three studies), thus taking into account both significant and non-significant effects (total N = 173). In our first integrative analysis (Studies 1-3), we observed an increase in the approach bias toward tobacco as a function of heaviness of use, as well as an avoidance bias among light smokers. In our second integrative analysis (Studies 2 and 3), we found that light smokers have a stronger avoidance bias than non-smokers. While the positive relationship between heaviness of use and approach tendencies toward tobacco is consistent with most addiction models, our finding on light smokers’ avoidance bias stands in sharp contrast. These findings, however, can be incorporated into general motivational models or single-process propositional models that consider the role of goal-oriented or propositional processes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":93422,"journal":{"name":"Collabra","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Roadmap for Future Interactions Between Research on Personality and Learning 未来人格研究与学习互动的路线图

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.88334

Jan De Houwer, Marco Perugini, Yannick Boddez, Florin Sava

引用次数: 0

A Deep Dive Into Distributive Concession Making and the Likelihood of Impasses in Negotiations 深入探讨分配让步和谈判僵局的可能性

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.88929

Marc Mertes, Dana Kunz, Joachim Hüffmeier

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Replicability of Cognitive Psychology During Remote Experiential Learning via Mobile Phone Technology 基于移动电话技术的远程体验式学习认知心理可复制性评估

Collabra Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/collabra.88320

Benjamin Dyson

引用次数: 0