Analytical science advances最新文献

{"title":"Overview of systematic toxicological analysis strategies and their coverage of substances in forensic toxicology","authors":"Karen Rygaard,&nbsp;Meiru Pan,&nbsp;Marie Katrine Klose Nielsen,&nbsp;Petur Weihe Dalsgaard,&nbsp;Brian Schou Rasmussen,&nbsp;Kristian Linnet","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Systematic toxicological analysis (STA) is the process of using an adequate analytical methodology to detect and identify as many potentially toxicologically relevant compounds as possible in biological samples. STA is an important part of everyday routine work within forensic toxicology, and several methods for STA have frequently been published and reviewed independently. However, the many drugs and other substances involved, as well as the constant emergence of new ones, may pose a major challenge in STA, which often demands a strategy involving multiple analytical methods in parallel. Such strategies have been published and evaluated less frequently despite their relevance in forensic toxicology. This mini-review briefly summarizes commonly applied methods for STA in forensic toxicology, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–MS (LC–MS) methods, and highlights some of their potential pitfalls. Second, it provides an overview of previously reported strategies to conduct STA, including a presentation of the STA strategy applied in the authors’ laboratory. This involves broad drug screening by LC–high-resolution MS, supported by targeted screening and quantification using LC–tandem MS, headspace (HS)-GC–MS, HS-GC–flame ionization detector and other complementary methods. The STA strategy aims to cover as many potentially relevant drugs as possible and seeks to reduce potential pitfalls arising in forensic casework. The review underlines that not every substance can be identified in all circumstances even with a comprehensive STA strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 3-4","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49282636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Sportrometry: An annual look back at applications of mass spectrometry in sport and exercise science","authors":"Marilyn LY Ong,&nbsp;Christopher G Green,&nbsp;Samantha N Rowland,&nbsp;Liam M Heaney","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202300003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202300003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research in sport and exercise science (SES) is reliant on robust analyses of biomarker measurements to assist with the interpretation of physiological outcomes. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical approach capable of highly sensitive, specific, precise, and accurate analyses of a range of biomolecules, many of which are of interest in SES including, but not limited to, endogenous metabolites, exogenously administered compounds (e.g. supplements), mineral ions, and circulating/tissue proteins. This annual review provides a summary of the applications of MS across studies investigating aspects related to sport or exercise in manuscripts published, or currently in press, in 2022. In total, 93 publications are included and categorized according to their methodologies including targeted analyses, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, and isotope ratio/elemental MS. The advantageous analytical opportunities afforded by MS technologies are discussed across a selection of relevant articles. In addition, considerations for the future of MS in SES, including the need to improve the reporting of assay characteristics and validation data, are discussed, alongside the recommendation for selected current methods to be superseded by MS-based approaches where appropriate. The review identifies that a targeted, mostly quantitative, approach is the most commonly applied MS approach within SES, although there has also been a keen interest in the use of <i>‘omics’</i> to perform hypothesis-generating research studies. Nonetheless, MS is not commonplace in SES at this time, but its use to expand, and possibly improve, the analytical options should be continually considered to exploit the benefits of analytical chemistry in exercise/sports-based research. Overall, it is exciting to see the gradually increasing adoption of MS in SES and it is expected that the number, and quality, of MS-based assays in SES will increase over time, with the potential for 2023 to further establish this technique within the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 3-4","pages":"60-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202300003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49426533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of bacteria","authors":"Linsey Rodriguez,&nbsp;Zhiyun Zhang,&nbsp;Danhui Wang","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid and sensitive bacteria detection and identification are becoming increasingly important for a wide range of areas including the control of food safety, the prevention of infectious diseases, and environmental monitoring. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technology which provides comprehensive information for the analysis of bacteria in a short time and with high sensitivity. Raman spectroscopy offers many advantages including relatively simple operation, non-destructive analysis, and information on molecular differences between bacteria species and strains. A variety of biochemical properties can be measured in a single spectrum. This short review covers the recent advancements and applications of Raman spectroscopy for bacteria analysis with specific focuses on bacteria detection, bacteria identification and discrimination, as well as bacteria antibiotic susceptibility testing in 2022. The development of novel substrates, the combination with other techniques, and the utilization of advanced data processing tools for the improvement of Raman spectroscopy and future directions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 3-4","pages":"81-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47676681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden in the photograph: The myth of complete metabolic coverage possible in metabolomics investigations","authors":"C. Benjamin Naman,&nbsp;Sajeevan Thavarool Puthiyedathu,&nbsp;ChaeYeon C. Poulin,&nbsp;Remington X. Poulin","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the late 1970s, many ‘omics-style investigations have advanced our understanding of systems at all levels, from community level, through organismal, to individual cellular processes. Beginning with genomics and progressing through transcriptomics, proteomics and finally to metabolomics, the scope of interest shifts significantly from what is genetically possible to what is currently expressed, produced and measurable in a system. While the ideal goal of any ‘omics investigation is to fully describe a system, loss of information occurs at each decision-making juncture. These losses are often not considered in the experimental planning stage but, when combined, they drastically affect the power of an investigation and the conclusions that can be drawn from it. Herein we discuss through the analogy of photography many of the decision-making junctures of metabolomics investigations and the resultant losses of information occurring at each.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 11-12","pages":"319-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47690928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of triglycerides photooxidation under solar radiations: A stepwise Raman study","authors":"Ali Assi,&nbsp;Rime Michael-Jubeli,&nbsp;Carine Jacques-Jamin,&nbsp;Arlette Baillet-Guffroy,&nbsp;Hélène Duplan,&nbsp;Ali Tfayli","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triglycerides (TGs) are one of the main components of the glycerolipid family. Their main task in cells is to store excess fatty acids. TG energy storage is mainly concentrated in adipocytes. TGs and free fatty acids constitute the majority (57.5%) of the skin surface lipids (SSLs). TGs are essential for the formation of the skin water barrier. This work is the second part of a global study that aims to evaluate the effect of solar radiations on SSLs using vibrational spectroscopy. In the first part of this work, a stepwise characterization of free fatty acids was performed, and different spectral descriptors were used to follow the different structural modifications during the photo-oxidation process, that is hydrogen abstraction, formation of hydroperoxides and peroxyl radicals as primary oxidation products and the formation of aldehydes, ketones, alcohol as secondary products. In this second part, the photo-oxidation of TGs was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. A decrease in the CH₂/CH₃ stretching bands ratio that confirmed the hydrogen abstraction, an increase in the 1165/1740 cm⁻¹ ((<i>δ</i>(OH) and <i>υ</i>(C–O))/<i>ν</i>(C=O) (ester)) ratio indicated the formation of secondary oxidation products such as hydroperoxides. And finally, an increase in the 1725/1740 cm⁻¹ (<i>υ</i>(C=O) (ald.)/<i>υ</i>(C=O) (ester)) ratio and the <i>trans ν</i>(C=C)/<i>cis ν</i>(C=C) ratio highlighted the formation of aldehydes, alcohols, ketone, <i>trans</i> secondary products and others.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 9-10","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of detecting snake envenomation biomarkers from dried blood spots","authors":"Cara F. Smith,&nbsp;Nicklaus P. Brandehoff,&nbsp;Lesley Pepin,&nbsp;Maxwell C. McCabe,&nbsp;Todd A. Castoe,&nbsp;Stephen P. Mackessy,&nbsp;Travis Nemkov,&nbsp;Kirk C. Hansen,&nbsp;Anthony J. Saviola","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biofluid proteomics is a sensitive and high throughput technique that provides vast amounts of molecular data for biomarker discovery. More recently, dried blood spots (DBS) have gained traction as a stable, noninvasive, and relatively cheap source of proteomic data for biomarker identification in disease and injury. Snake envenomation is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, much remains unknown about the systemic molecular response to envenomation and acquiring biological samples for analysis is a major hurdle. In this study, we utilized DBS acquired from a case of lethal rattlesnake envenomation to determine the feasibility of discovering biomarkers associated with human envenomation. We identified proteins that were either unique or upregulated in envenomated blood compared to non-envenomated blood and evaluated if physiological response pathways and protein markers that correspond to the observed syndromes triggered by envenomation could be detected. We demonstrate that DBS provide useful proteomic information on the systemic processes that resulted from envenomation in this case and find evidence for a massive and systemic inflammatory cascade, combined with coagulation dysregulation, complement system activation, hypoxia response activation, and apoptosis. We also detected potential markers indicative of lethal anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and brain death. Ultimately, DBS proteomics has the potential to provide stable and sensitive molecular data on envenomation syndromes and response pathways, which is particularly relevant in low-resource areas which may lack the materials for biofluid processing and storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 1-2","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To determine the bioactivity of IL-1β monoclonal antibodies: Introduction of a reliable reporter gene assay","authors":"Shiyu Chen,&nbsp;Zhihao Fu,&nbsp;Chuanfei Yu,&nbsp;Chunyu Liu,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Gang Wu,&nbsp;Xiao Guo,&nbsp;Xumei Liu,&nbsp;Lan Wang,&nbsp;Junzhi Wang","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>IL-1β is a essential molecule in inflammatory signalling pathways and plays an essential role in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target IL-1β has become the focus of developing new anti-inflammatory drugs. The successful clinical application of therapeutic antibodies is dependent on good quality control, which is based on accurate bioactivity determination. The aim of this work was to develop an elegant and accurate reporter gene assay to determine the bioactivity of anti-IL-1β antibody drugs. The D10-G4-1 cell line with a naturally high expression of IL-1 receptor was selected as the effector cell, and the plasmid containing luciferase reporter gene with NF-κB as a regulatory element was transfected into D10-G4-1 cells. After a period of pressure screening, a monoclonal cell line with good reactivity and stable expression of reporter gene was finally screened out. Stimulation of this cell line via IL-1β addition increased the expression of the luciferase gene by activating the NF-κB signalling pathway, with the addition of luciferase substrate, which can be quantified by relative luminescence units. When anti-IL-1β antibodies are present in the system, the expression of luciferase gene is inhibited, which demonstrates the bioactivity of anti-IL-1β antibodies. Detailed methodological optimization and comprehensive methodological validation were followed to establish a reporter gene assay for the bioactivity of anti-IL-1β antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 9-10","pages":"282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41962203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM2.5","authors":"Wei Wang,&nbsp;Guodong Cao,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Han Qiao,&nbsp;Fuyue Wang,&nbsp;Zongwei Cai","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ambient pollution correlated to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is a worldwide environmental issue as it is highly associated with human health and eco-environmental safety. A significant part regarding the toxicity of PM_2.5 is attributed to its bonded contaminants. Appreciable efforts have been performed to study the occurrence, exposure, and toxicological properties of chemicals of emerging concerns in PM_2.5. Recent works indicated a broad environmental transformation of emerging contaminants in the atmospheric environment and highlighted the significance of PM_2.5 bonded transformation products, which may exhibit higher environmental concentrations and toxicities compared to their parent compounds. Among these studies, mass spectrometry has been widely applied for the analysis of transformation products of emerging contaminants in PM_2.5 on the aspects of suspect/non-target screening, structure elucidation, concentration profiling, and toxicity determination. This review describes key mass spectrometry-based analytical strategies and applications for determining transformation products in PM_2.5 and presents outlooks for their analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 3-4","pages":"49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45383588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dried blood spot characterization of sex-based metabolic responses to acute running exercise","authors":"Francesca Cendali,&nbsp;Angelo D'Alessandro,&nbsp;Travis Nemkov","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolomics and lipidomics techniques are capable of comprehensively measuring hundreds to thousands of small molecules in single analytical runs and have been used to characterize responses to exercise traditionally using venipuncture-produced liquid samples. Advanced microsampling devices offer an alternative by circumventing the requirement to maintain frozen samples. This approach combines a microneedle puncture for blood draw with microfluidic sample collection onto a dried carrier and has thus far been employed for targeted measurements of a few analytes. To demonstrate the utility of advanced dried microsampling to characterize metabolomic and lipidomic changes during exercise, we obtained samples before and after a 2-mile run from twelve (8 male, 4 female) healthy volunteers with various ranges in activity levels. Results highlighted significant changes in whole blood levels of several metabolites associated with energy (glycolysis and Tricarboxylic Acid cycle) and redox (Pentose Phosphate Pathway) metabolism. Lipid changes during this same period were individualized and less uniform. Sex-based differences in response to running highlighted reliance on carbohydrate or fat substrate utilization in males or females, respectively. The results presented herein illustrate the ability of this approach to monitor circulating metabolome and lipidome profiles from field sampled blood in response to exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 1-2","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45342464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet up-and-coming analytical scientists – Yulin Qi","authors":"Yulin Qi","doi":"10.1002/ansa.202200046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ansa.202200046","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt; Analytical sciences are among the most dynamically developing fields and have been inherently integrated into many various scientific disciplines. At the same time, early career researchers (ECRs) are among those whose contribution to this dynamic growth cannot be simply overestimated. Hence, in this special issue “From one ECR to the next”, we are presenting a series of editorials with questions and answers from five emerging scientists of different analytical fields including omics, environmental, and data sciences. Importantly, all our guests boast not only scientific excellence and high-quality research but also the substantial international experience gained during their PhD or postdoctoral training. For this editorial, we are presenting Dr Yulin Qi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Yulin Qi received his PhD degree from the University of Warwick in 2013, under the supervision of Prof. Peter O'Connor. After that, he worked at Saarland University and the Humboldt University of Berlin, with Prof. Dietrich Volmer. In 2019, he went back to China and joined Tianjin University, and he was promoted to full professor in 2021. In 2020, he was awarded the Mattauch-Herzog Award by the German Society for Mass Spectrometry, and he is the first Asian awardee in its 34-year history. Yulin's research is focused on the development and application of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to the study of natural organic matter (NOM).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Well, I was major in pharmaceutics as an undergraduate, but I found it too boring to remember the massive medical prescriptions, so I decided to study analytical chemistry afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As we know that NOM is a complex mixture of degraded natural compounds which plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling. It is actively involved in many biogeochemical processes. Additionally, NOM also leads to issues such as water odour, disinfectant demands, membrane fouling, and the production of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts. Revealing the elemental composition and molecular reactivities of NOM is the key to understanding its role in biogeochemical processes. Of the wide varieties of analytical instruments available, FT-ICR MS holds the greatest potential for state-of-the-art NOM research, given its inherently ultra-high resolving power and mass accuracy for unequivocal molecule assignments. For this reason, it is currently the instrument of choice in geochemistry, environmental science and atmospheric chemistry for the analysis of organic matter in different environmental matrices at the molecular level. My current research is based upon the development and application of FT-ICR MS to the study of NOM, including structural characterization, quantitative analysis, biogeochemical cycle, data processing and other related fields.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As I said, I was not good at remembering medical prescriptions, but I found it enjoyable to play with analytical instruments during my undergraduate study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;That was my PhD proj","PeriodicalId":93411,"journal":{"name":"Analytical science advances","volume":"4 1-2","pages":"13-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ansa.202200046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42962595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}