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Novel function of single-target regulator NorR involved in swarming motility and biofilm formation revealed in Vibrio alginolyticus. 揭示了藻溶弧菌中参与蜂拥运动和生物膜形成的单目标调节器 NorR 的新功能。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02057-y
Tongxian Chen, Xiaoling Zhou, Ruonan Feng, Shuhao Shi, Xiyu Chen, Bingqi Wei, Zhong Hu, Tao Peng
{"title":"Novel function of single-target regulator NorR involved in swarming motility and biofilm formation revealed in Vibrio alginolyticus.","authors":"Tongxian Chen, Xiaoling Zhou, Ruonan Feng, Shuhao Shi, Xiyu Chen, Bingqi Wei, Zhong Hu, Tao Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02057-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02057-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NorR, as a single-target regulator, has been demonstrated to be involved in NO detoxification in bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Here, the norR gene was identified and deleted in the genome of Vibrio alginolyticus. The results showed that deletion of norR in Vibrio alginolyticus led to lower swarming motility and more biofilm formation on aerobic condition. Moreover, we proved that NorR from E. coli had a similar function in controlling motility. NorR overexpression led to increased resistance to oxidative stress and tetracycline. We also observed a reduced ability of the NorR-overexpressing strain to adapt to iron limitation condition. Transcriptome analysis showed that the genes responsible for bacterial motility and biofilm formation were affected by NorR. The expressions of several sigma factors (RpoS, RpoN, and RpoH) and response regulators (LuxR and MarR) were also controlled by NorR. Furthermore, Chip-qPCR showed that there is a direct binding between NorR and the promoter of rpoS. Based on these results, NorR appears to be a central regulator involved in biofilm formation and swarming motility in Vibrio alginolyticus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hibernation reduces GABA signaling in the brainstem to enhance motor activity of breathing at cool temperatures. 冬眠会减少脑干中的 GABA 信号,从而在低温条件下增强呼吸运动。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02050-5
Sandy E Saunders, Joseph M Santin
{"title":"Hibernation reduces GABA signaling in the brainstem to enhance motor activity of breathing at cool temperatures.","authors":"Sandy E Saunders, Joseph M Santin","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02050-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02050-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neural circuits produce reliable activity patterns despite disturbances in the environment. For this to occur, neurons elicit synaptic plasticity during perturbations. However, recent work suggests that plasticity not only regulates circuit activity during disturbances, but these modifications may also linger to stabilize circuits during future perturbations. The implementation of such a regulation scheme for real-life environmental challenges of animals remains unclear. Amphibians provide insight into this problem in a rather extreme way, as circuits that generate breathing are inactive for several months during underwater hibernation and use compensatory plasticity to promote ventilation upon emergence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using ex vivo brainstem preparations and electrophysiology, we find that hibernation in American bullfrogs reduces GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) inhibition in respiratory rhythm generating circuits and motor neurons, consistent with a compensatory response to chronic inactivity. Although GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs are normally critical for breathing, baseline network output at warm temperatures was not affected. However, when assessed across a range of temperatures, hibernators with reduced GABA<sub>A</sub>R signaling had greater activity at cooler temperatures, enhancing respiratory motor output under conditions that otherwise strongly depress breathing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hibernation reduces GABA<sub>A</sub>R signaling to promote robust respiratory output only at cooler temperatures. Although frogs do not ventilate lungs during underwater hibernation, we suggest this would be beneficial for stabilizing breathing when the animal passes through a large temperature range during emergence in the spring. More broadly, these results demonstrate that compensatory synaptic plasticity can increase the operating range of circuits in harsh environments, thereby promoting adaptive behavior in conditions that suppress activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A powerful and versatile new fixation protocol for immunostaining and in situ hybridization that preserves delicate tissues. 用于免疫染色和原位杂交的功能强大、用途广泛的新固定方案,可保护脆弱的组织。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02052-3
Carlos Guerrero-Hernández, Viraj Doddihal, Frederick G Mann, Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
{"title":"A powerful and versatile new fixation protocol for immunostaining and in situ hybridization that preserves delicate tissues.","authors":"Carlos Guerrero-Hernández, Viraj Doddihal, Frederick G Mann, Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02052-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02052-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding how genes function to heal wounds and restore lost tissue is essential for studying regeneration. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) is a powerful and widely used technique to visualize the expression patterns of genes in different biological systems. Yet, existing methods to permeabilize samples for WISH can damage or destroy fragile regenerating tissues, thereby preventing such experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we describe a new protocol for in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunostaining in the highly regenerative planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. This new Nitric Acid/Formic Acid (NAFA) protocol is compatible with both the assays and prevents degradation of the epidermis and regeneration blastema. The NAFA protocol achieves this without the use of proteinase K digestion which likely leads to better preservation of antigen epitopes. We show that the NAFA protocol successfully permits development of chromogenic and fluorescent signals in situ, while preserving the anatomy of the animal. Furthermore, the immunostaining of different proteins was compatible with the NAFA protocol following fluorescent in situ hybridization. Additionally, the tissue fixation protocol was easily adapted for regenerating killifish tail fin, which yielded better ISH signal with minimal background.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus, the NAFA protocol robustly preserves the delicate wounded tissues while also facilitating probe and antibody penetration into internal tissues. Furthermore, the fixation protocol is compatible for WISH on regenerating teleost fins suggesting that it will be a valuable technique for studying the processes of wounding response and regeneration in multiple species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary divergent clusters of transcribed extinct truncated retroposons drive low mRNA expression and developmental regulation in the protozoan Leishmania. 原生动物利什曼原虫中转录已灭绝的截短反转录子的进化分化群驱动低 mRNA 表达和发育调控。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02051-4
Gabriel Reis Ferreira, Jean-Guillaume Emond-Rheault, Lysangela Alves, Philippe Leprohon, Martin A Smith, Barbara Papadopoulou
{"title":"Evolutionary divergent clusters of transcribed extinct truncated retroposons drive low mRNA expression and developmental regulation in the protozoan Leishmania.","authors":"Gabriel Reis Ferreira, Jean-Guillaume Emond-Rheault, Lysangela Alves, Philippe Leprohon, Martin A Smith, Barbara Papadopoulou","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02051-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02051-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Leishmania genome harbors formerly active short interspersed degenerated retroposons (SIDERs) representing the largest family of repetitive elements among trypanosomatids. Their substantial expansion in Leishmania is a strong predictor of important biological functions. In this study, we combined multilevel bioinformatic predictions with high-throughput genomic and transcriptomic analyses to gain novel insights into the diversified roles retroposons of the SIDER2 subfamily play in Leishmania genome evolution and expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that SIDER2 retroposons form various evolutionary divergent clusters, each harboring homologous SIDER2 sequences usually located nearby in the linear sequence of chromosomes. This intriguing genomic organization underscores the importance of SIDER2 proximity in shaping chromosome dynamics and co-regulation. Accordingly, we show that transcripts belonging to the same SIDER2 cluster can display similar levels of expression. SIDER2 retroposons are mostly transcribed as part of 3'UTRs and account for 13% of the Leishmania transcriptome. Genome-wide expression profiling studies underscore SIDER2 association generally with low mRNA expression. The remarkable link of SIDER2 retroposons with downregulation of gene expression supports their co-option as major regulators of mRNA abundance. SIDER2 sequences also add to the diversification of the Leishmania gene expression repertoire since ~ 35% of SIDER2-containing transcripts can be differentially regulated throughout the parasite development, with a few encoding key virulence factors. In addition, we provide evidence for a functional bias of SIDER2-containing transcripts with protein kinase and transmembrane transporter activities being most represented.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Altogether, these findings provide important conceptual advances into evolutionary innovations of transcribed extinct retroposons acting as major RNA cis-regulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cold snaps lead to a 5-fold increase or a 3-fold decrease in disease proliferation depending on the baseline temperature. 根据基线温度的不同,寒流会导致病害扩散增加 5 倍或减少 3 倍。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02041-6
Niamh McCartan, Jeremy Piggott, Sadie DiCarlo, Pepijn Luijckx
{"title":"Cold snaps lead to a 5-fold increase or a 3-fold decrease in disease proliferation depending on the baseline temperature.","authors":"Niamh McCartan, Jeremy Piggott, Sadie DiCarlo, Pepijn Luijckx","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02041-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02041-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change is driving increased extreme weather events that can impact ecology by moderating host-pathogen interactions. To date, few studies have explored how cold snaps affect disease prevalence and proliferation. Using the Daphnia magna-Ordospora colligata host-parasite system, a popular model system for environmentally transmitted diseases, the amplitude and duration of cold snaps were manipulated at four baseline temperatures, 10 days post-exposure, with O. colligata fitness recorded at the individual level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cold snaps induced a fivefold increase or a threefold decrease in parasite burden relative to baseline temperature, with complex nuances and varied outcomes resulting from different treatment combinations. Both amplitude and duration can interact with the baseline temperature highlighting the complexity and baseline dependence of cold snaps. Furthermore, parasite fitness, i.e., infection prevalence and burden, were simultaneously altered in opposite directions in the same cold snap treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that cold snaps can yield complicated outcomes that are unique from other types of temperature variation (for example, heatwaves). These results underpin the challenges and complexity in understanding and predicting how climate and extreme weather may alter disease under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bridging chemical structure and conceptual knowledge enables accurate prediction of compound-protein interaction. 在化学结构和概念知识之间架起桥梁,可以准确预测化合物与蛋白质之间的相互作用。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02049-y
Wen Tao, Xuan Lin, Yuansheng Liu, Li Zeng, Tengfei Ma, Ning Cheng, Jing Jiang, Xiangxiang Zeng, Sisi Yuan
{"title":"Bridging chemical structure and conceptual knowledge enables accurate prediction of compound-protein interaction.","authors":"Wen Tao, Xuan Lin, Yuansheng Liu, Li Zeng, Tengfei Ma, Ning Cheng, Jing Jiang, Xiangxiang Zeng, Sisi Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02049-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02049-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate prediction of compound-protein interaction (CPI) plays a crucial role in drug discovery. Existing data-driven methods aim to learn from the chemical structures of compounds and proteins yet ignore the conceptual knowledge that is the interrelationships among the fundamental elements in the biomedical knowledge graph (KG). Knowledge graphs provide a comprehensive view of entities and relationships beyond individual compounds and proteins. They encompass a wealth of information like pathways, diseases, and biological processes, offering a richer context for CPI prediction. This contextual information can be used to identify indirect interactions, infer potential relationships, and improve prediction accuracy. In real-world applications, the prevalence of knowledge-missing compounds and proteins is a critical barrier for injecting knowledge into data-driven models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we propose BEACON, a data and knowledge dual-driven framework that bridges chemical structure and conceptual knowledge for CPI prediction. The proposed BEACON learns the consistent representations by maximizing the mutual information between chemical structure and conceptual knowledge and predicts the missing representations by minimizing their conditional entropy. BEACON achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple datasets compared to competing methods, notably with 5.1% and 6.6% performance gain on the BIOSNAP and DrugBank datasets, respectively. Moreover, BEACON is the only approach capable of effectively predicting knowledge representations for knowledge-lacking compounds and proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our work provides a general approach for directly injecting conceptual knowledge to enhance the performance of CPI prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hoxa5 alleviates adipose tissue metabolic distortions in high-fat diet mice associated with a reduction in MERC. Hoxa5 可减轻高脂饮食小鼠脂肪组织代谢的扭曲,这与 MERC 的减少有关。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02047-0
Qi Chen, Zeyu Ren, Liping Dang, Zunhai Liu, Simeng Wang, Xinhao Chen, Guiping Qiu, Chao Sun
{"title":"Hoxa5 alleviates adipose tissue metabolic distortions in high-fat diet mice associated with a reduction in MERC.","authors":"Qi Chen, Zeyu Ren, Liping Dang, Zunhai Liu, Simeng Wang, Xinhao Chen, Guiping Qiu, Chao Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02047-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02047-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact (MERC) is an important mode of intercellular organelle communication and plays a crucial role in adipose tissue metabolism. Functionality of Hoxa5 is an important transcription factor involved in adipose tissue fate determination and metabolic regulation, but the relationship between Hoxa5 and MERC is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, we established an obesity model mouse by high-fat diet (HFD), induced the alteration of Hoxa5 expression by adenoviral transfection, and explored the effect of Hoxa5 on MERC dysfunction and metabolic distortions of adipose tissue with the help of transmission electron microscopy, calcium ion probe staining, and other detection means. The results showed Hoxa5 was able to reduce MERC production, alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and calcium over-transport, and affect cGAS-STING-mediated innate immune response affecting adipose tissue energy metabolism, as well as affect the AKT-IP3R pathway to alleviate insulin resistance and ameliorate metabolic distortions in adipose tissue of mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that Hoxa5 can ameliorate high-fat diet-induced MERC overproduction and related functional abnormalities, in which finding is expected to provide new ideas for the improvement of obesity-related metabolic distortions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thymosin β4 promotes zebrafish Mauthner axon regeneration by facilitating actin polymerization through binding to G-actin. 胸腺肽β4通过与G-肌动蛋白结合促进肌动蛋白聚合,从而促进斑马鱼毛氏轴突再生。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02045-2
Zheng Song, Along Han, Bing Hu
{"title":"Thymosin β4 promotes zebrafish Mauthner axon regeneration by facilitating actin polymerization through binding to G-actin.","authors":"Zheng Song, Along Han, Bing Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02045-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02045-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) is a monomeric actin-binding protein that plays many roles in biological activities. However, some studies on the role of Tβ4 in central axon regeneration have yielded contradictory results. Previous research has focused primarily on cultured cells, leading to a deficiency in in vivo experimental evidence. Therefore, we used a single axon injury model of Mauthner cells in zebrafish larvae to investigate the role of Tβ4 in central axon regeneration in vivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated that knockout of Tβ4 impaired axon regeneration, whereas overexpression of Tβ4 promoted axon regeneration. Moreover, this promotion is mediated through the interaction between Tβ4 and G-actin. Furthermore, our results suggest that the binding of Tβ4 to G-actin promotes actin polymerization rather than depolymerization. In the rapid escape behavior test, larvae with damaged axons presented impaired tail muscle control, resulting in a lack of normal tail bending, termed the straight tail phenomenon. The proportion of straight tails was significantly negatively correlated with axon regeneration length, suggesting that it is a new indicator for assessing rapid escape behavior recovery. Finally, the results showed that the overexpression of Tβ4 effectively restored the functionality of rapid escape behaviors mediated by Mauthner cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide evidence that Tβ4 promotes central axon regeneration in vivo through binding to G-actin and suggest that Tβ4 could serve as a potential polypeptide drug for clinical therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking muscle: neurotoxic and myotoxic effects of Central American snake venoms and the relative efficacies of antivenom and varespladib. 破坏肌肉:中美洲蛇毒的神经毒性和肌毒性作用以及抗蛇毒血清和伐雷司他啶的相对疗效。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02044-3
Lee Jones, Mimi Lay, Edgar Neri-Castro, Vanessa Zarzosa, Wayne C Hodgson, Matthew Lewin, Bryan G Fry
{"title":"Breaking muscle: neurotoxic and myotoxic effects of Central American snake venoms and the relative efficacies of antivenom and varespladib.","authors":"Lee Jones, Mimi Lay, Edgar Neri-Castro, Vanessa Zarzosa, Wayne C Hodgson, Matthew Lewin, Bryan G Fry","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02044-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02044-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The snake genera Atropoides, Cerrophidion, and Metlapilcoatlus form a clade of neotropical pit vipers distributed across Mexico and Central America. This study evaluated the myotoxic and neurotoxic effects of nine species of Atropoides, Cerrophidion, and Metlapilcoatlus, and the neutralising efficacy of the ICP antivenom from Costa Rica against these effects, in the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. Given the prominence of PLA<sub>2</sub>s within the venom proteomes of these species, we also aimed to determine the neutralising potency of the PLA<sub>2</sub> inhibitor, varespladib.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All venoms showed myotoxic and potential neurotoxic effects, with differential intra-genera and inter-genera potency. This variation was also seen in the antivenom ability to neutralise the muscle damaging pathophysiological effects observed. Variation was also seen in the relative response to the PLA<sub>2</sub> inhibitor varespladib. While the myotoxic effects of M. mexicanus and M. nummifer venoms were effectively neutralised by varespladib, indicating myotoxicity is PLA<sub>2</sub> mediated, those of C. godmani and M. olmec venoms were not, revealing that the myotoxicity is driven by non-PLA<sub>2</sub> toxin types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study characterises the myotoxic and neurotoxic venom activity, as well as neutralisation of venom effects from the Atropoides, Cerrophidion, and Metlapilcoatlus clade of American crotalids. Our findings contribute significant clinical and evolutionary knowledge to a clade of poorly researched snakes. In addition, these results provide a platform for future research into the reciprocal interaction between ecological niche specialisation and venom evolution, as well as highlighting the need to test purified toxins to accurately evaluate the potential effects observed in these venoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New insights into the phylogenetic relationships within the Lauraceae from mitogenomes. 从有丝分裂基因组看月桂科植物系统发育关系的新见解。
IF 4.4 1区 生物学
BMC Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02040-7
Yu Song, Qun-Fei Yu, Di Zhang, Li-Gang Chen, Yun-Hong Tan, Wen Zhu, Hua-Long Su, Xin Yao, Chao Liu, Richard T Corlett
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