BMC Biology最新文献

{"title":"California mice (Peromyscus californicus) adjust mouth movements for vocal production during early postnatal development.","authors":"Kuirsten Preston, Tobias Riede","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02098-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02098-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The order Rodentia is the largest group of mammals. Diversification of vocal communication has contributed to rodent radiation and allowed them to occupy diverse habitats and adopt different social systems. The mechanism by which efficient vocal sounds, which carry over surprisingly large distances, are generated is incompletely understood. Here we focused on the development and function of rhythmic mouth movements and laryngeal sound production. We studied spontaneously vocalizing California mice (Peromyscus californicus) through video and sound recordings. Mouth gape was estimated from video images and vocal characteristics were measured in synchronized sound recordings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>California mice coordinated their mouth movements with laryngeal sound production but differently in two call types. In high-frequency whistles (\"USV syllables\"), mouth movements were present on postnatal day 1 but were reduced within the first 2 weeks of life. Mouth movements were prominently present during sustained vocalizations (\"SV syllables\"), and movements became more and more adjusted to syllable beginning and end. Maximum mouth gape was correlated with sound intensity and fundamental frequency of SV syllables. The effect on sound intensity was the strongest during postnatal development and most predictable when the mouth was closed by temporarily immobilizing the mandible in an elevated position.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that rhythmic orofacial behavior not only plays a critical role in determining acoustic features of the vocal behavior of California mice but also shows remarkable adjustments during early development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of the second feedback loop in the circadian clock of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.","authors":"Chiara Stefanelli, Davide Colaianni, Gabriella M Mazzotta, Gabriele Sales, Cristiano Bertolucci, Bettina Meyer, Alberto Biscontin, Cristiano De Pittà","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02099-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02099-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is a keystone species in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. This crustacean has an ancestral clock whose main components have been identified and characterized in the past few years. However, the second feedback loop, modulating clock gene expression through two transcription factors, VRI and PDP1, has yet to be described. The presence of this second regulatory mechanism is suggested by the identification of its negative component, vrille, at the transcriptional level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we describe the second feedback loop of krill by identifying the positive component, pdp1, and functionally characterizing both pdp1 and vrille. Starting from the online transcriptome database KrillDB², we identified and cloned three putative pdp1 sequences which were subsequently analyzed for tissue expression and functional activity using luciferase assays, individually and in combination with two vrille isoforms. Among the pdp1 isoforms, Espdp1_3 displayed higher expression levels in relevant circadian districts than the other two. Furthermore, EsPDP1_3 and EsVRI_2 exhibited the expected positive and negative regulation of the V/P-box in our in vitro system. Finally, Espdp1_3 and Esvrille also showed rhythmic expression in light-dark cycles, supporting their involvement in the regulation of the main circadian clock of the Antarctic krill.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study expands our knowledge about the molecular architecture of the Antarctic krill circadian clock by defining the components that take part in the modulation of clock expression, establishing a second feedback loop.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mucus layer derived from porcine intestinal organoid air-liquid interface monolayer attenuates swine enteric coronavirus infection by antiviral activity of Muc2.","authors":"Ning Yang, Yang Li, Yifei Cai, Yuanyuan Liu, Yunhang Zhang, Yuguang Fu, Chen Tan, Luc Willems, Guangliang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02094-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02094-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mucus layer provides the first defense that keeps the epithelium free from microorganisms. However, the effect of the small intestinal mucus layer on pathogen invasion is still poorly understood, especially for swine enteric coronavirus. To better understand virus‒mucus layer‒intestinal epithelium interactions, here, we developed a porcine intestinal organoid mucus‒monolayer model under air‒liquid interface (ALI) conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully established a differentiated intestinal organoid monolayer model comprising various differentiated epithelial cell types and a mucus layer under ALI conditions. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the mucus derived from the ALI monolayer shared a similar composition to that of the native small intestinal mucus. Importantly, our results demonstrated that the ALI monolayer exhibited lower infectivity of both TGEV and PEDV than did the submerged monolayer. To further confirm the impact of ALI mucus on coronavirus infection, mucus was collected from the ALI monolayer culture system and incubated with the viruses. These results indicated that ALI mucus treatment effectively reduced the infectivity of TGEV and PEDV. Additionally, Mucin 2 (Muc2), a major component of native small intestinal mucus, was found to be abundant in the mucus derived from the ALI monolayer, as determined by mass spectrometry analysis. Our study confirmed the potent antiviral activity of Muc2 against TGEV and PEDV infection. Considering the sialylation of Muc2 and the known sialic acid-binding activity of coronavirus, further investigations revealed that the sialic acid residues of Muc2 play a potential role in inhibiting coronavirus infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We established the porcine intestinal organoid mucus monolayer as a novel and valuable model for confirming the pivotal role of the small intestinal mucus layer in combating pathogen invasion. In addition, our findings highlight the significance of sialic acid modification of Muc2 in blocking coronavirus infections. This discovery opens promising avenues for the development of tailor-made drugs aimed at preventing porcine enteric coronavirus invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic sleep deprivation disturbs energy balance modulated by suprachiasmatic nucleus efferents in mice.","authors":"Tingting Du, Shuailing Liu, Honghong Yu, Tian Hu, Lina Huang, Lanyue Gao, Lihong Jia, Jiajin Hu, Yang Yu, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02097-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02097-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiologic researches show that short sleep duration may affect feeding behaviors resulting in higher energy intake and increased risk of obesity, but the further mechanisms that can interpret the causality remain unclear. The circadian rhythm is fine-tuned by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as the master clock, which is essential for driving rhythms in food intake and energy metabolism through neuronal projections to the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed that chronic SD-induced aberrant expressions of AgRP/NPY and POMC attributed to compromised JAK/STAT3 signals and reduced energy expenditure in the mice, which can be rescued with AAV-genetic overexpression of BMAL1 into SCN. The potential mechanism may be related to the disruptions of SCN efferent mediated by BMAL1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic SD impairs energy balance through directly dampening BMAL1 expression, probably in the transcription level, in the SCN, which in turn affects the neuron projections to ARC and PVN. Remarkably, we provide evidence that may explain the causal mechanisms associated with sleep curtailment and obesity in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced plastid genomes of colorless facultative pathogens Prototheca (Chlorophyta) are retained for membrane transport genes.","authors":"Kacper Maciszewski, Gabriela Wilga, Tomasz Jagielski, Zofia Bakuła, Jan Gawor, Robert Gromadka, Anna Karnkowska","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02089-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02089-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plastids are usually involved in photosynthesis, but the secondary loss of this function is a widespread phenomenon in various lineages of algae and plants. In addition to the loss of genes associated with photosynthesis, the plastid genomes of colorless algae are frequently reduced further. To understand the pathways of reductive evolution associated with the loss of photosynthesis, it is necessary to study a number of closely related strains. Prototheca, a chlorophyte genus of facultative pathogens, provides an excellent opportunity to study this process with its well-sampled array of diverse colorless strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have sequenced the plastid genomes of 13 Prototheca strains and reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny that reveals evolutionary patterns within the genus and among its closest relatives. Our phylogenomic analysis revealed three independent losses of photosynthesis among the Prototheca strains and varied protein-coding gene content in their ptDNA. Despite this diversity, all Prototheca strains retain the same key plastid functions. These include processes related to gene expression, as well as crucial roles in fatty acid and cysteine biosynthesis, and membrane transport.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The retention of vestigial genomes in colorless plastids is typically associated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In contrast, the remarkable conservation of plastid membrane transport system components in the nonphotosynthetic genera Prototheca and Helicosporidium provides an additional constraint against the loss of ptDNA in this lineage. Furthermore, these genes can potentially serve as targets for therapeutic intervention, indicating their importance beyond the evolutionary context.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The human Dicer helicase domain is capable of ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding.","authors":"Kinga Ciechanowska, Agnieszka Szczepanska, Kamil Szpotkowski, Klaudia Wojcik, Anna Urbanowicz, Anna Kurzynska-Kokorniak","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02082-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02082-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vertebrates have one Dicer ortholog that generates both microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), in contrast to the multiple Dicer-like proteins found in flies and plants. Here, we focus on the functions of the human Dicer (hDicer) helicase domain. The helicase domain of hDicer is known to recognize pre-miRNA substrates through interactions with their apical loop regions. Besides interacting with canonical substrates, the hDicer helicase domain has also been suggested to bind many different cellular RNAs; however, a comprehensive study of the biochemical activities and substrate specificity of the hDicer helicase domain towards different nucleic acids has yet to be undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we reveal that full-length hDicer, through its helicase domain, hydrolyzes ATP. The ATPase activity of hDicer can only be observed under low-turnover conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time this activity has been reported for vertebrate Dicers. We also show that the hDicer helicase domain binds single- but not double-stranded RNAs and DNAs and that this binding activity presumably is not nucleotide-dependent. Moreover, the hDicer helicase domain may influence the structure of the RNA to which it binds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preservation of ATPase activity by hDicer suggests that this enzyme performs many more functions in the cell than is currently assumed. Our findings open new avenues for future studies aimed at defining the cellular activities of hDicer that may be associated with these newly described biochemical properties: ATP hydrolysis and single-stranded nucleic acid binding activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pheromone relay networks in the honeybee: messenger workers distribute the queen's fertility signal throughout the hive.","authors":"Thomas O Richardson, Tomas Kay, Laurent Keller, Nathalie Stroeymeyt","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02083-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02083-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The harmonious operation of many insect societies depends upon colony-wide dissemination of a non-volatile pheromone produced by a single queen, which informs workers of her presence. This represents a major challenge in large colonies. Honeybee colonies, which can exceed 60,000 bees, are believed to solve this challenge using 'messenger' workers that actively relay the queen pheromone throughout the hive. However, little is known about the structure and effectiveness of the underlying relay network or the biology of messaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we combine automated tracking with modelling to address these outstanding questions. We find that both queen movement and worker messaging play fundamental roles in queen pheromone dissemination. Fine-grained analyses of worker behaviour confirmed the existence of active messaging, as physical contacts with the queen caused workers to move faster and straighter, thereby accelerating pheromone transmission. Finally, we show that messaging follows a stereotypical developmental trajectory, resulting in an age-dependent hierarchical relay network, with the most intense messaging observed between three and five days of age, when workers undergo a suite of physiological changes associated with queen rearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that the individuals that contribute most to advertising the presence of the queen are also the ones that control queen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LADS: a powerful vaccine platform for cancer immunotherapy and prevention.","authors":"Jing Sun, Jing Wang, Xin Jiang, Jing Xia, Yue Han, Mianmian Chen, Jiali Xu, Simin Deng, Changyong Cheng, Houhui Song","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02086-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02086-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is an attractive vector for cancer immunotherapy as it can effectively deliver tumor antigens to antigen-presenting cells, leading to a robust antitumor response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we developed a novel vaccine platform called Listeria-based Live Attenuated Double Substitution (LADS), which involves introducing two amino acid substitutions (N478AV479A) into the virulence factor listeriolysin O (LLO). LADS is a safe vaccine platform, with an attenuation of nearly 7000-fold, while retaining complete immunogenicity due to the absence of deletion of any virulence factors. We developed two LADS-based vaccines, LADS-E7 and LADS-AH1, which deliver the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7 oncoprotein and murine colon carcinoma immunodominant antigen AH1, respectively. Treatment with LADS-E7 or LADS-AH1 significantly inhibited and regressed established tumors, while also dramatically increasing the populations of tumor-infiltrated antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells. RNA-sequencing analysis of tumor tissue samples revealed that LADS-E7 altered the expression of genes related to the immune response. Moreover, intratumoral injection of LADS-based vaccines induced strong antitumor responses, generating systemic antitumor responses to control distant tumor growth. Encouragingly, LADS-E7 or LADS-AH1 immunization effectively prevented tumor formation and growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that LADS-based vaccines represent a more powerful platform for the development of immunotherapeutic and preventive vaccines against cancers and infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two highly selected mutations in the tandemly duplicated CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b genes drive pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus in West Africa.","authors":"Nelly M T Tatchou-Nebangwa, Leon M J Mugenzi, Abdullahi Muhammad, Derrick N Nebangwa, Mersimine F M Kouamo, Carlos S Djoko Tagne, Theofelix A Tekoh, Magellan Tchouakui, Stephen M Ghogomu, Sulaiman S Ibrahim, Charles S Wondji","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02081-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-024-02081-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is crucial for optimising the effectiveness of insecticide-based vector control methods and developing diagnostic tools for resistance management. Considering the heterogeneity of metabolic resistance in major malaria vectors, the implementation of tailored resistance management strategies is essential for successful vector control. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that two highly selected mutations in CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b are driving pyrethroid insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus, in West Africa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Continent-wide polymorphism survey revealed escalated signatures of directional selection of both genes between 2014 and 2021. In vitro insecticide metabolism assays with recombinant enzymes from both genes showed that mutant alleles under selection exhibit higher metabolic efficiency than their wild-type counterparts. Using the GAL4-UAS expression system, transgenic Drosophila flies overexpressing mutant alleles exhibited increased resistance to pyrethroids. These findings were consistent with in silico predictions which highlighted changes in enzyme active site architecture that enhance the affinity of mutant alleles for type I and II pyrethroids. Furthermore, we designed two DNA-based assays for the detection of CYP6P4a-M220I and CYP6P4b-D284E mutations, showing their current confinement to West Africa. Genotype/phenotype correlation analyses revealed that these markers are strongly associated with resistance to types I and II pyrethroids and combine to drastically reduce killing effects of pyrethroid bed nets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this study demonstrated that CYP6P4a and CYP6P4b contribute to pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus and provided two additional insecticide resistance molecular diagnostic tools that would contribute to monitoring and better management of resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR in mobile genetic elements: counter-defense, inter-element competition and RNA-guided transposition.","authors":"Eugene V Koonin, Kira S Makarova","doi":"10.1186/s12915-024-02090-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12915-024-02090-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR are adaptive immunity systems that protect bacteria and archaea from viruses and other mobile genetic elements (MGE) via an RNA-guided interference mechanism. However, in the course of the host-parasite co-evolution, CRISPR systems have been recruited by MGE themselves for counter-defense or other functions. Some bacteriophages encode fully functional CRISPR systems that target host defense systems, and many others recruited individual components of CRISPR systems, such as single repeat units that inhibit host CRISPR systems and CRISPR mini-arrays that target related viruses contributing to inter-virus competition. Many plasmids carry type IV or subtype V-M CRISPR systems that appear to be involved in inter-plasmid competition. Numerous Tn7-like and Mu-like transposons encode CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) in which interference-defective CRISPR systems of type I or type V mediate RNA-guided, site-specific transposition. The recruitment of CRISPR systems and their components by MGE is a manifestation of extensive gene shuttling between host immune systems and MGE, a major trend in the coevolution of MGE with their hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9339,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}