Buildings & cities最新文献_第2页

Common sources of occupant dissatisfaction with workspace environments in 600 office buildings 600座办公大楼中，居住者对工作环境不满的常见原因

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.274

Thomas Parkinson, S. Schiavon, Jungsoo Kim, Giovanni Betti

引用次数: 5

Pandemics and the built environment: A human–building interaction typology 流行病与建筑环境:人与建筑互动类型学

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.280

Stacy Ann Vallis, A. Karvonen, Elina Eriksson

{"title":"Pandemics and the built environment: A human–building interaction typology","authors":"Stacy Ann Vallis, A. Karvonen, Elina Eriksson","doi":"10.5334/bc.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.280","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys of urban history from ancient times to the present reveal a continuum of collective responses to pandemics ranging from quarantine facilities and monitoring the spread of disease to building new wastewater networks. The contemporary COVID-19 pandemic includes new digital tools and techniques that supplement (and sometimes replace) the existing analogue responses, while raising new ethical issues with respect to privacy. A typology of pandemic responses in cities is created, based on human–building interaction (HBI) principles. This typology can be used to compare and contrast analogue and digital responses relating to distancing, monitoring and sanitising. It provides a summary of a wide range of individual and collective implications of pandemics and demonstrates the indelible connections between pandemics and the built environment. In addition, the typology provides a tool to interpret some of the opportunities and drawbacks of digitalising cities. PRACTICE RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the enduring co-evolution of cities and disease through history. This study aims to inform future pandemic preparedness by providing a framework for designers, managers and users of public spaces to evaluate the multiple implications of emerging technologies that are integrated within the urban fabric. While the rapid rise of digitalisation to advance urban health agendas continues to raise new questions relating to individual and civic freedoms, HBI qualitatively provides a lens through which to examine the overlapping spatial, ethical, and temporal consequences for humans and the built environment. Urban planning researchers and designers can use HBI principles to humanise the sustainable smart city. © 2023 The Author(s).","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71051611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat stress: adaptation measures in South African informal settlements 热应激:南非非正式住区的适应措施

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.269

J. Hugo

引用次数: 0

Urban expansion: theory, evidence and practice 城市扩张:理论、证据与实践

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.348

S. Angel

引用次数: 0

Decision-support for selecting demolition waste management strategies 选择拆除废物管理策略的决策支持

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.318

Marc van den Berg, Lars Hulsbeek, Hans Voordijk

{"title":"Decision-support for selecting demolition waste management strategies","authors":"Marc van den Berg, Lars Hulsbeek, Hans Voordijk","doi":"10.5334/bc.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.318","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is increasingly challenged to reduce its waste production, resource consumption and energy emissions. Moving towards more circular and sustainable practices therefore seems imperative. Demolition contractors play a vital role in this move as they need to select waste management strategies for distinct obsolete building elements. Previous research has nevertheless overlooked how demolition contractors can gain insights into the consequences of such strategies. This research therefore adopts a design science research methodology to iteratively develop a decision-support tool for selecting demolition waste management strategies. Through collaborating with a pioneering demolition contractor in the Netherlands, in-depth insights into actual decision-making processes were obtained. A tool was subsequently designed that compares and ranks three different waste management strategies (reuse, recycle and recover) by evaluating their impacts in terms of technical feasibility, economic costs, environmental gain and social gain. This tool enables demolition contractors to make more informed waste management decisions and, as such, offers new opportunities to adopt circular and sustainable demolition methods. Practice relevance Demolition contractors are pressured to adopt more circular and sustainable methods. This requires these firms to consider waste management strategies other than traditional energy recovery or landfilling. A new decision-support tool offers demolition firms insights into the consequences of different waste management strategies. This tool compares and ranks reuse, recycle, and recover waste management strategies. The tool was demonstrated and evaluated by a demolition contractor in the Netherlands. It was found that the decision-support tool assists in making more informed waste management decisions through illuminating technical feasibility, economic costs, environmental gains and social gains. A suggested ranking of strategies is provided for distinct obsolete building elements. Implementing the tool will require changes to local project routines.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135212416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the influence of neighbourhood-scale vertical greening application 评估社区尺度垂直绿化应用的影响

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.282

Kanchane Gunawardena, K. Steemers

引用次数: 1

Politics of social value in the built environment 建筑环境中的社会价值政治

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.334

Mustafa Selçuk Çıdık

引用次数: 0

Impact of 2050 tree shading strategies on building cooling demands 2050年树木遮阳策略对建筑降温需求的影响

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.353

Agatha Czekajlo, Julieta Alva, Jeri Szeto, Cynthia Girling, Ron Kellett

{"title":"Impact of 2050 tree shading strategies on building cooling demands","authors":"Agatha Czekajlo, Julieta Alva, Jeri Szeto, Cynthia Girling, Ron Kellett","doi":"10.5334/bc.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.353","url":null,"abstract":"As urban heatwaves become more severe, frequent and longer, cities seek adaptive building cooling measures. Although passive building design, energy-efficient materials and technologies and mechanical means are proven cooling methods, the potential of nature-based solutions (particularly trees as shading elements) has been understudied despite its significant opportunity. Using a new framework to explore this at the neighbourhood level, three future (2050) potential tree planting strategies are modelled for increasing tree volume and canopy cover and their impacts assessed for summer building-level solar radiation absorption (SRA) and building cooling energy demand (BCED) for a densifying neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada. The boldest tree planting strategy, with 287% more trees than baseline and 16% canopy cover, reduced neighbourhood-scale total SRA (22%) and BCED (48%) over a no-trees scenario. BCED reductions of up to 64% for retrofitted/redeveloped buildings and 53–79% for low/medium-height buildings (mostly single-family residential) were associated with targeted south-side tree planting. Taller/larger buildings (predominantly mixed use) and buildings along north–south-oriented streets (mainly commercial and mixed use) encountered more tree shading challenges and would require more site-specific interventions. The methodology presented provides a framework to assess current and potential future shading and cooling energy benefits through various tree planting strategies. Practice relevance This research illustrates the tree shading and cooling potential to improve indoor liveability, reduce energy demand and reduce vulnerabilities amidst mounting extreme heat risks. This novel framework and method can be used by planners and urban designers to understand the potential cooling reduction and to develop tree planting and management strategies for effective shading and indoor cooling at the neighbourhood scale. Based on a case study neighbourhood in Vancouver for 2050 climate scenarios, this research shows increased tree volume and canopy cover can significantly reduce building SRA and BCED during the summer. The level of tree shading impact on buildings’ SRA and BCED was associated with the intensity and location of tree planting, but also the relative amount of lower height (and smaller) buildings. The boldest tree planting strategy yielded a 48% reduction in energy demand for cooling.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136006301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for moisture damage presence and severity in Finnish homes 芬兰家庭中水分损害存在和严重程度的风险因素

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.366

Jonathon Taylor, Anniina Salmela, Martin Täubel, Antti Heimlander, Anne M. Karvonen, Toni Pakkala, Jukka Lahdensivu, Juha Pekkanen

{"title":"Risk factors for moisture damage presence and severity in Finnish homes","authors":"Jonathon Taylor, Anniina Salmela, Martin Täubel, Antti Heimlander, Anne M. Karvonen, Toni Pakkala, Jukka Lahdensivu, Juha Pekkanen","doi":"10.5334/bc.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.366","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture-damaged buildings are a prominent issue in Finland, but with limited information on damage prevalence, degree of severity and risk factors. This paper analyses 14,996 Finnish detached and semidetached houses that have undergone a standardised moisture assessment of interior spaces and at-risk structures inside the building envelope. Confirmed damage (a binary indicator of damage presence) and a damage index (an ordinal indicator of severity) were calculated for each home and their association with different building and area characteristics estimated. Frequently damaged structures include pre-1950s log walls, walls contacting soil, wooden ground floors and false plinths. Around 15% of surveyed houses had risk structure damage, 19% had at least one confirmed damage anywhere in the house and 49% had either confirmed, likely or possible damage. The greatest risk factor for confirmed damage was house age (odds ratio = 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–1.51) for each decade since construction), with nearly half of all houses built pre-1939 damaged. Other risk factors explained a third of the effect of building age, and included log external walls, fibreboard roofs, absence of mechanical ventilation, detached properties and wind-driven rain precipitation. Results can support targeted remediation efforts, protect health and estimate exposure–response relationships for moisture damage. Practice relevance Moisture damage in homes causes various health concerns for occupants, and in colder climates such as Finland such damage often occurs within the building structure. This study finds confirmed moisture damage in 19% of surveyed Finnish homes. Most damage was within the building structure, supporting the need for surveys investigating inside known-risk structures. Older homes had much higher damage risk, reflecting different construction methods and ageing, but also suggesting modern building standards are helping to reduce damage. Increased risk in higher wind-driven precipitation regions indicates a need for regulations and research that improve the resilience of all housing to the projected increases in driving rain from climate change. Understanding the building characteristics and structures that increase moisture risk can support targeted remediation and maintenance in vulnerable buildings, conserve older buildings and avoid demolition, and help protect occupant health.","PeriodicalId":93168,"journal":{"name":"Buildings & cities","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban growth in peri-urban, rural and urban areas: Mexico City 近郊、农村和城市地区的城市增长:墨西哥城

Buildings & cities Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/bc.230

G. Cruz-Bello, J. M. Galeana-Pizaña, Salomón González-Arellano

引用次数: 2