Open access journal of toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Liponax® sol, A Patented Food Supplement in Liquid Dosage Form: Study of Pharmacokinetics Parameters of R-α-Lipoic Acid in Healthy Volunteers","authors":"Nicola D'Anzi","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2021.05.555651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further studies in translatable model systems are needed to predict the impacts of human microplastic exposure.","authors":"Sarah E Morgan, Lisa A DeLouise","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics are a pervasive environmental contaminant that have been found in many media including water sources, soils, and foodstuff. Due to the worldwide presence and persistence of microplastic debris, human exposure is inevitable. Human exposure occurs predominantly through ingestion, although dermal and inhalation exposures are probable. Microplastic single exposure studies in aquatic species and fish have shown various toxic effects including those on reproduction and survival. In addition to potential intrinsic toxicity, microplastics often have chemicals adsorbed to their surfaces. Studies report that these chemicals can have innate toxicity that is modulated by the composition of microplastics. Both the impacts of microplastics alone and co-exposures with adsorbed chemicals exhibit size dependent effects. Analysis of the current literature has revealed published studies predominantly investigate the toxicity of microplastic exposure in fish and other aquatic species, with limited knowledge about the effects in mammals and cell lines. Toxicity has been shown to vary widely between taxonomic groups, suggesting inferring human health relevance will require model systems where human routes of exposure can be mimicked. Although it may be difficult to extrapolate the results from aquatic model systems to relevant human health impacts, they may suggest effects to investigate. In order to best estimate the short- and long-term impacts of human microplastic exposure, it is imperative that studies in model systems with increased similarity to human anatomy and cellular processes be done.</p>","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"4 3","pages":"79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7644109/pdf/nihms-1640700.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38583037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inappropriate Use of Risk Assessment in Addressing Health Hazards Posed by Civil Aircraft Cabin Air","authors":"Howard Cv","doi":"10.19080/OAJT.2020.04.555634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/OAJT.2020.04.555634","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicological reviews of data on Aerotoxic Syndrome that have been widely referenced by the airline industry tend to use a toxicological endpoint, Organo-Phosphate Induced Neuropathy (OPIDN), that is acknowledged to be the result of a very high dose of organophosphate exposure. Additionally, the reviews tend to only address one chemical, Tri-Ortho Cresyl Phosphate (TOCP), ignoring the presence of other toxic compounds in a complex mixture. In using this to justify the safety of the continued use of unfiltered engine bleed air to ventilate civil aircraft cabins, this represents a misuse of toxicological risk assessment. The approach totally ignores the scientific literature on repeated low-dose exposure to OPs over extended periods, the constant presence of a complex mixture of OPs in engine bleed air and their overall toxicity and the variable susceptibility of individuals to toxicological damage. This paper lists the above-mentioned studies and reviews a sub-set. We present the scientific literature that should be considered to make a realistic risk assessment of the hazards of aircraft engine bleed air.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48091980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdermal Methimazole for Feline Hyperthyroidism","authors":"Pilar Z Murphy","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2019.04.555630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2019.04.555630","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthyroidism is a common disorder in older cats causing detrimental adverse effects if left untreated. The three most recommended treatment options include thyroidectomy, radioiodine treatment, and antithyroid medication therapy. Oral methimazole has been the most widely used option due to low cost and accessibility. The topical application of transdermal methimazole is an ideal route of administration for cat owners. The purpose of this review article is to give insight into the efficacy and recommended indication for use of the pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) formulated transdermal delivery system of methimazole, in the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. PLO compounded methimazole is uniquely transported through the skin, and chronic use has been shown effective in treating feline hyperthyroidism. In many cases, once daily application of the gel has provided enough methimazole activity for lowering hormone levels. The compounded formulation also allows for more individualized dosing than the oral tablets. There is limited information regarding long-term treatment of PLO methimazole, however, the formulation continues to satisfy both veterinarians and owners, and effectively lower serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45778613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Contractile Mechanism of Resveratrol in Non-Vascular Smooth Muscle Under α1Adrenoceptor Stimulation involves IP3 Receptor, Protein Kinase-C and NADPH Oxidase","authors":"Carolina Baraldi Araujo Restini","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2019.04.555627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2019.04.555627","url":null,"abstract":"con-Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products from enzymatic systems that are responsible for several biological disturbances when uncontrolled. Superoxide anion (O 2- ), increases intracellular calcium-regulated contractile/relaxation responses in smooth muscles. Activation of α1-adrenoceptors promotes these contractions through the Gq pathway involving protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium mobilization. It has been reported that Gq pathway is related to ROS production. It has also been shown that resveratrol (RESV), an antioxidant agent, decreases vascular smooth muscle contraction. The effect of RESV was not yet demonstrated in the anococcygeus smooth muscle contraction. Since ROS are present in rat anococcygeus smooth muscle and RESV has an antioxidant effect, the hypothesis for the current work is that the contractile response, under α1-adrenoceptor stimulation, can be decreased by RESV through decreasing ROS production related to the pathways of PKC and calcium mobilization. Thus, the aims were to investigate if the RESV interferes with the non-vascular smooth muscle contractile reactivity stimulated by the α1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (PE) and to analyze its potential mechanisms. Anococcygeus smooth muscles were isolated from male Wistar rats and placed in organ baths to evaluate isometric tension. RESV enhanced the decreased contractions after incubation with α1-adrenoceptor and IP3-receptor (RIP3) antagonists as well as PKC and NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Under α1-adrenoceptor stimulation, the anococcygeus smooth muscle contractions are indeed related to the pathway of ROS production, involving inhibition of Ca 2+ mobilization, PKC activation and NADPH oxidase that are all sensitive to RESV.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68376393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe and Effective Dosing of Over-The-Counter Melatonin use for Sleep Disturbances in Children with Autism: A Literature Review","authors":"Pilar Z Murphy","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2019.03.555624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2019.03.555624","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing prevalence of autism, it is important to identify if the over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin use for sleep disorders in autistic children is safe and effective. Since there are no FDA-approved medications for children with insomnia, this literature review aims to cast helpful insight for caregivers and physicians concerning the safe and effective use of OTC melatonin in autistic children for sleep disturbance relief. PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), and Google Scholar were utilized in the search for studies for this literature review. Two randomized placebo-controlled crossover trials, one randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, and two open-label trials were looked at for dosage strength, efficacy, and safety. From these trials, melatonin use seems effective and safe within the dosing ranges of 1mg to 10mg. Titration may be needed in some children depending upon if they are a slow or fast metabolizer of melatonin. Improvements in sleep and in behavior were documented. Therefore, melatonin is seemingly safe and effective in helping autistic children with sleep disturbances by helping them go to sleep faster and stay asleep longer, thus giving them a better night’s rest. Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Ship Recycling Methods and Process for Global Major Ship Recycling Players","authors":"Khandakar Akhter Hossain","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555622","url":null,"abstract":"The world-wide ship recycling industry dismantles around 1,000 large ocean-going vessels per year, such as container ships, cargo & bulkers, oil & gas tankers (LNG, LPG), passenger ships and other types of ships, to recover steel and other valuable metals or recyclable items[1]. However, at present almost all ship recycling activities are concentrated in five countries: the three South East Asian countries (India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan), China, and Turkey[2]. Further capacity is available in North America (US, Canada, Mexico) and within the European Union (amongst others Denmark, Belgium and UK). At present, South East Asia is undoubtedly the global center for ship recycling activities.South East Asia contributes to more than ninety percent of global ship recycling activities[3]. Countries such as Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and China are the major ship recycling player and centers of the world.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49480483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improved Method to Conjugation of KLH-Diazinon","authors":"M. Sankian","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Brca-Associated Protein (Bap1) A New Drug Target to Combat Metastatic Uveal Melanoma?","authors":"Rhonda J Rosengren","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68375894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Adverse Effects of Glibenclamide Administration","authors":"Olga V Akopova","doi":"10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/oajt.2018.03.555618","url":null,"abstract":"Glibenclamide (glyburide) is a sulfonylurea derivative, N-p[2-(5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzamido) ethyl] benzene sulfonylN′-cyclohexylurea (C23H28ClN3O5S), which is widely used as a blocker of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) ubiquitously present in plasma membranes and mitochondria. KATP channel is an octameric multiprotein complex that comprises four pore-forming Kir subunits, which are inwardrectifier K+ channels, and four sulfonylurea receptors (SUR) [1]. Molecular composition of mitochondrial KATP channel (mKATP) channel remains yet undisclosed and the most part of the notions on the properties of mKATP channel was obtained from the studies on plasmalemmal KATP channels. It is known that glibenclamide binds to SUR subunits to block KATP channel [1,2]. SUR subunit of KATP channel belongs to ATP binding cassette proteins that bind ATP upon its hydrolysis [1-3]. MgATPase activity of SUR subunits is thought to be required for KATP channel functioning, its activation by KATP channels openers and the channel blockage by glibenclamide [3]. The same mechanism is supposed to underlie KATP channel blockage in mitochondria. Generally, no blockage of KATP channels was observed either in the absence of MgATP, or in the presence of Mg2+ or ATP alone [4,5]. Glibenclamide binds to mKATP channels with high affinity, however values of Ki (~1-6 μM [4]) obtained for mKATP channels were by the order higher than inhibition constants obtained for sKATP channels [1]. This was used by Garlid’s group for semiquantitative estimation of the density of mKATP channels in mitochondria from various tissues with fluorescent glibenclamide derivative [6]. Glibenclamide is a widely applied antidiabetic drug, known to stimulate insulin release by blocking sKATP channels in betacells. However, the application of sulfonylureas (glibenclamide and tolbutamide) produced adverse effects in heart and brain, such as increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes [7], and increased neurodegeneration after hypoxic brain injury [8]. In our work we observed one of the adverse effects of glibenclamide application in vivo caused by the direct effects of this drug on mitochondrial functions.","PeriodicalId":93132,"journal":{"name":"Open access journal of toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42097998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}