International journal of functional nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Common drugs, vitamins, nutritional supplements and COVID-19 mortality.","authors":"Steven Lehrer, Peter H Rheinstein","doi":"10.3892/ijfn.2021.14","DOIUrl":"10.3892/ijfn.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The FDA has approved only one drug, remdesivir, for the treatment of COVID-19. The FDA has granted an emergency use authorization for the rheumatoid arthritis treatment drug, baricitinib (Olumiant), for the treatment of COVID-19 in some cases. For this reason, investigators have paid considerable attention to the association between commonly used drugs and the outcome of patients with COVID-19. Aspirin and ibuprofen have been reported to reduce the mortality rate. Omeprazole can increase mortality. In addition, some studies have demonstrated that famotidine diminishes mortality, while others have indicated that famotidine leads to a poorer prognosis. The present study used UK Biobank (UKB) data to assess the association of commonly used drugs with COVID-19 mortality. Data processing was performed on Minerva, a Linux mainframe with Centos 7.6. The UK Biobank Data Parser (ukbb_parser) was used, a python-based package that allows easy interfacing with the large UK Biobank dataset. The results revealed that aspirin and omeprazole were associated with an elevated mortality rate. Ibuprofen-related mortality was lower than laxative-related mortality. Aspirin users were also significantly older than other subjects. The association with mortality of cholesterol-lowering medications, blood pressure-lowering medications, hormone replacement and oral contraceptives in 134 female subjects revealed insignificant variability. The association of nutritional supplements in 238 subjects with mortality indicated that variability was insignificant. The lower mortality linked to the supplementation of vitamin D and vitamin B, presumably B complex, has been previously observed. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that although some of the associations described among drugs and COVID-19 are not novel, the utility of a new source, UKB, may prove to be useful in further examining these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":93109,"journal":{"name":"International journal of functional nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/74/nihms-1678802.PMC8323622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39266879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice residue and its ethanol extract decrease serum lipid levels in high‑fat diet‑fed C57BL/6J mice","authors":"N. Mikami, Yukie Hosotani, Tomoko Saso, Tomoki Ohta, K. Miyashita, M. Hosokawa","doi":"10.3892/ijfn.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":". Black chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa ) yields aronia berries, which are rich in anthocyanins. Although aronia juice and its extract have various potential health bene‑ fits, information regarding the activity of aronia juice residue is currently limited. The present study examined the effects of aronia juice residue and its ethanol extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in high‑fat diet‑fed mice. Following a 26‑day trial, serum triglycerides, free fatty acids and low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in mice fed aronia juice residue or its ethanol extract than in the high‑fat‑fed control mice. Furthermore, mice fed aronia compounds demonstrated a suppressed hepatic mRNA expression of stearoyl‑CoA desaturase 1, which promotes fatty acid synthesis, whereas the expression levels of cholesterol 7 alpha‑hydroxylase, a rate‑limiting enzyme of cholesterol catabolism, were increased. Moreover, the ethanol extract inhibited lipase activity in vitro. On the whole, these results indicate that aronia juice residue and its ethanol extract are potentially useful in suppressing lipid metabolic dysfunction in high‑fat diet‑fed mice.","PeriodicalId":93109,"journal":{"name":"International journal of functional nutrition","volume":"1089 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statins combined with niacin reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy.","authors":"Steven Lehrer,&nbsp;Peter H Rheinstein","doi":"10.3892/ijfn.2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/ijfn.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statins are a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce illness and mortality in those who are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. They are the most common cholesterol-lowering drugs. A case control study published in 2002 indicated that statins may increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy. Statin users were 14-fold more likely to develop peripheral neuropathy than non-users, although the overall risk of developing neuropathy was minimal. However, a number of other studies have produced conflicting results regarding neuropathy and statins. Statins are frequently combined with niacin (vitamin B3). Due to its beneficial effects on lipid profiles, niacin has been prescribed for the prevention of heart disease for >40 years. Among the B vitamins, niacin has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival, and may be of value for the treatment of neuropathy. The present study aimed to assess whether the combination of niacin and statin may reduce the risk of peripheral neuropathy attributed to statins. For this purpose, data from MedWatch, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program were analyzed. The online tool OpenVigil 2.1 was used to query the databases. The results revealed that the majority of statins alone were related to neuropathy. Pitavastatin was the only exception. The association with neuropathy was most pronounced in the lipophilic statins: Atorvastatin and fluvastatin. The association was weaker for other lipophilic statins, such as lovastatin and simvastatin. Two hydrophilic statins, rosuvastatin and pravastatin, exhibited a similarly weaker association with neuropathy, while no reports of any association of pitavastatin with neuropathy were found. Statins + niacin were unrelated to neuropathy. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that the controversial association of statins with neuropathy may be due to the fact that previous studies have not included the use of niacin and the potential neuroprotective effects of niacin. Multiple reports have stated that niacin is no longer beneficial for the management of hyperlipidemia and should be abandoned. However, given the apparent ability of niacin to reduce the risk of neuropathy, perhaps niacin should not be discarded before further studies are performed to provide more in depth information.</p>","PeriodicalId":93109,"journal":{"name":"International journal of functional nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7737454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38382963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}