American journal of biomedical science & research最新文献

{"title":"A Case of Multiple Nodules in a Patient with Lung Cancer – A Diagnostic Challenge","authors":"Inês S P","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001966","url":null,"abstract":"In a patient with diagnosis of lung cancer, the appearance of multiple nodules during follow-up raises various differential diagnosis. The treatment strategy may be different depending on its diagnosis, so the correct approach is crucial. We present a case report of a 69-year-old male that was diagnosed with a lung adenocarcinoma stage IB in 2008 that underwent right upper lobectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Ten years later, during follow-up, 6 new nodules appeared on CT scan, 5 of them were biopsied. Four of these nodules were adenocarcinoma and one had histological features of atypia. Only 2 nodules showed similar molecular characteristics, being all the other nodules different from each other. It was assumed they were three synchronous pulmonary neoplasms (the 2 nodules similar to each other were assumed to have the same origin) and patient underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of all malignant lesions followed by additional chemotherapy. Three years later, there is no signs of relapsing. This clinical case shows the challenge that patients with multiple nodules can be and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary discussion in the decision of diagnostic and therapeutic approach.","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Molecular Mechanisms of CD19-Negative Relapse in B-Cell Lymphoma after CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy","authors":"Weihong Chen","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001965","url":null,"abstract":"The antigen receptor T cell (CAR T-cell) immunotherapy is the most antitumor ability in relapse/refractory (R/R) hematological malignancies but it still shows a high relapse rate. A few studies have been found that the molecular mechanisms of CD19-negative relapse after CAR T-cell therapy are the CD19 loss or down-regulation in lymphoma, including lineage switching, CD19 gene mutation, selective shearing, and subcloning of CD19-negative cell. The gene rearrangement, fusion genes and IL-6 may be to influent the therapeutic effect of CAR T-cell immunotherapy. The gene mutations of APX5, IKAROS, EBF1, GNA13, SOCS1, TNFALP3, XPO1, FLT3 etc. have been currently found after CAR T-cell therapy relapse. The review reports the molecular mechanisms of CD19-negative relapse in B-cell lymphoma after CAR T-cell immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Faith-Based Hypertension Control Program for African American Communities: Program","authors":"S. Dodani","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49079585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to Broaden Messaging about the Harms Tobacco Use","authors":"Gillian Robinson Warner","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001962","url":null,"abstract":"Dentist and other health professionals can have great influence to prevent and decrease the use tobacco products, through patient visits, direct messaging and social media. A brief part of the dental and medical visit can be used for providing current, state-of-the-art research and information on the harms of e-cigarette and cigarette use and the use of smokeless tobacco products. Many studies have shown that various tobacco products contain toxicants, constituents and harmful chemicals. Variations of different combinations of tobacco-related toxicants pass through the oral mucosal tissues, enter body fluids and systems causing severe health effects. During the assessment of findings and sharing of visual materials segment of the visit, the health professional can present the information so that the patient can better understand the physiological changes that may occur systemically, and the morbidity and mortality that may be associated with long-term tobacco use. Evidence-based research on the adverse health effects of tobacco use can be shared solely with the patient, and broadly through social media.","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42733031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Opioid Abuse Epidemic by Introducing Complementary and Alternative Medicine","authors":"Feng Feng","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001957","url":null,"abstract":"The opioid crisis is an ongoing epidemic in United States. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients’ access to pain management is restricted. COVID-19 halted much clinical research on pain management and opioid abuse prevention. Possible medical and psychiatric comorbid conditions may significantly increase opioid abuse rates. Opioid abuse may amplify acute respiratory failure risks and impact immunity response to COVID 19, additionally, some drug interactions may lead to unexpected severe adverse effects Schimmel et al. [1] There has been an increase in use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) [2] in patients using opioids for chronic pain, however, the evidence to support its use is either limited or lacking Hassan, et al. [3-5]. More than 30% of adults and about 12% of children in the U.S. use CAM. CAM is defined as a non-mainstream practice used together with conventional medicine (complementary medicine) or replacing conventional medicine (alternative medicine) (NCCIH, 2017). There are limited evidence-based CAM treatments that adequately control chronic pain, even fewer on analgesic reduction. Our previous study evaluates the effectiveness and limitations of CAM treatments in prevention and treatment of chronic pain along with analgesic reduction. There is a growing discussion exploring roles of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in chronic pain management and opioid abuse prevention. Most CAM therapies are free and self-guided with no adverse effects. Our ongoing study has provided evidence on the effectiveness of CAM in improving community health awareness and offers nonpharmacological interventions in prevention of opioid abuse and recovery. We hope to find that pandemic-affected communities can gain knowledge and a positive attitude after CAM training. After education sessions, community participants will hopefully realize the importance of communication with their providers, and the risk and benefits associated with CAM. After six of our experimental sessions of CAM education and treatments, participant’s pain level and opioid usage did decrease significantly. We hope the outcomes show successful intervention in a lock-down community population without easy access to healthcare, and that the general public is educated on the potential benefits of CAM. As healthcare educators, it is our goal to address community needs through teaching and allow students to access public healthcare interventions.","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44677348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanol Leaf Extract of Desmodium velutinum (Wild.) D.C. and Acarbose Exhibit Additive Pharmacological Effects in Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"Idakwoji P A","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001958","url":null,"abstract":"Methanol Leaf and Acarbose Exhibit Additive Pharmacological Effects in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Abstract This study investigated the pharmacological effects of methanol extract of Desmodium velutinum leaves (DVE) administered alone and when co-administered with Acarbose (ACA) in diabetic Wistar rats. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study were carried out on DVE using standard methods. In the pharmacological study, diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg alloxan/kg b.w. Seven groups (6 groups of diabetic rats and 1 group of normoglycemic rats) of four rats each were used for the study. Groups I and II served as normoglycemic (NDC) and diabetic controls (DC) respectively and received 1ml distilled water/kg b.w. Groups III and IV were administered 400 and 800 mg DVE/kg respectively while groups V and VI were administered the same doses (400 and 800 mg/kg respectively) but co- administered with a fixed dose of ACA (150 mg/kg b.w.). Group VII was administered 150 mg ACA/ kg b.w. alone. Weekly fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and body weight changes were estimated for 28 days. After the 28-day treatment regimen, rats were euthanized, and blood samples collected for serum biochemical analysis. Phytochemical analysis of DVE revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and terpenoids in varying proportions. Treatment with DVE alone and its co-administration with ACA significantly (p< 0.05) reduced FBS and serum biochemicals parameters of rats compared with diabetic control. DVE alone and its co-administration with ACA also significantly (p< 0.05) increased the serum total protein of rats compared with diabetic control. However, the pharmacological effects of DVE and ACA co-administration were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than that of DVE or ACA administered alone. It was concluded that DVE and ACA exhibited additive pharmacological effects in diabetic Wistar rats and as such could be useful in the management of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48536303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military Sexual Assault","authors":"J. Decker","doi":"10.4135/9781483346427.n344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483346427.n344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47650288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Associated Divergence of COVID-19 Morbidity & COVID-19 Vaccines","authors":"Jomana Al-Azzam","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001955","url":null,"abstract":"The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, drastically changed our everyday lives. It has indeed caused a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. There is an underlying complex interplay between the infectious agents and the human host, which is related to different biological mechanisms. Phenotypic spectrums associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 range from asymptomatic to severe systemic complications such as pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death. Around 15 % of cases are severe. Some are accompanied by a dysregulated immune system or a cytokine storm, and others with both. There is increasing evidence that the severe manifestations of COVID-19 might attribute to human genetic variants. Polymorphisms in genes that are related to immune deficiency and or inflammasome activation (cytokine storm) are examples of these variants. The question is, is the variability of the hosts’ genetic background the reason behind the different responses to COVID-19? Or are there other factors? Case reports and GWAS studies showed that the susceptibility to severe viral infections was associated with the genetic variants in the immune response genes. Identifying the candidate’s genes is likely to aid in explaining why COVID-19 symptoms are severe to some but not others. Not to mention that it will provide insights that help us further understand the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, to then make it possible to come out with more effective treatments and vaccines. Global DNA methylation, ACE2 gene methylation and post-translational histone modifications drive differences in host tissue-, biological age- and sex-biased patterns of viral infection. Epigenetic changes impact genome stabilization, maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and affect the pathophysiology of the viral infection","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating The Effects of Traditional Herbal Medicine X-911 on Cytokine Expression and Glucose Uptake in LL2 Cells With 18F-FDG/MicroPET","authors":"K. Chang","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001954","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is empirically based, with a history of over 4000 years, and is used widely in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and elsewhere [1]. In TCM, the biological ingredients of herbal remedies are extracted from natural substances: plants, animal parts, shells, insects, and even stones and minerals. TCM is commonly used to nourish the blood, activate circulation, alleviate pain, regulate menstruation and attack tumor tissues, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs [2]. TCM can be used in cancer prophylaxis and/or treatment, for example, as Phyllanthus urinaria protects the liver from hepatocarcinogenesis and has shown anticancer activity [3]. Sho-saiko-to has hepatoprotective effects in various liver injury experiments, including the injury induced with CCl4 and D-galactosamine [4,5]. Paeoniae radix (PR) improves blood flow by its endothelium-dependent vasodilator action and potential antiaging and anticarcinogenesis activities [6].","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44949509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Penile Prosthesis that can be Easily made in a Few Minutes","authors":"Ming-jiang Yi","doi":"10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.14.001950","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a simple external penile prosthesis called an erection band, which can be easily made in a few minutes.","PeriodicalId":93072,"journal":{"name":"American journal of biomedical science & research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}